RU2210095C2 - Automated system of emergency and ecological monitoring of environment in region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: design of systems of emergency and ecological, specifically radiation, monitoring of environment in region. SUBSTANCE: automated system includes stationary monitoring posts with detectors measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, central monitoring desk, control units and transceivers for forward and backward communication of stationary posts with central monitoring desk. In addition system incorporates mobile monitoring posts with detectors and transceivers for forward and backward communication with central monitoring desk. Each mobile monitoring post has unit determining its position. Each stationary and mobile post is supplemented with units for control and preliminary processing of information, encoder preventing unauthorized access and unit for interference-resistive coding from which information goes to central monitoring desk. EFFECT: increased maneuverability of entire system, capability to establish location of emergency and ecologically hazardous sources, monitoring and timely replacement of failed stationary monitoring post, timely evaluation of ecological situation for operative warning about threat of reduced load in communication channel, detection and correction of errors in transmitted information and control commands, protection of system against unauthorized access. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of control devices (systems) and can be used in the design of emergency and environmental systems, in particular radiation, environmental monitoring of the region.

 A well-known system of radiation monitoring of the environment, including stationary control posts with detectors, a central control panel and direct communication between them (E. Mikhoy and others. "System of radiation monitoring of the environment" - the journal "Atomic technology abroad", Moscow, 1998 11, p. 21-25).

The disadvantages of the known radiation monitoring system are:
- limited scope associated with monitoring the radiation environment around a single source of radiation hazard;
- the lack of preliminary processing of information in control posts, allowing to reduce the load on the communication channel by reducing the amount of information transmitted;
- lack of control and correction of errors in the transmitted information due to interference in the communication channel;
- lack of protection of information from unauthorized access.

 A well-known automated system for radiation monitoring of the environment, including stationary control posts with detectors for measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, a central control panel with a comparison and control unit, a direct and feedback transceiver of control posts with a central control panel (patent of the Russian Federation 2150126, published 27.05. 2000).

In this system, the closest to the claimed, the following disadvantages are identified:
- the lack of mobile control posts limits the maneuverability of the system, does not allow to quickly determine the location of emergency and environmentally hazardous sources that have arisen and to monitor them near them, as well as to ensure the prompt replacement of faulty stationary control posts;
- the absence in the control posts of preliminary processing of the information received from the detectors does not allow to quickly assess the emergency and environmental conditions and switch to the appropriate operating mode, does not make it possible to reduce the load on the communication channel by reducing the redundancy of the transmitted information, and to promptly notify of the occurrence of a pre-emergency situation;
- the system does not allow to detect and eliminate errors in information and control commands transmitted over the communication channel;
- the system does not have protection against unauthorized access, such as terrorists and hackers.

The proposed invention solves the following tasks:
- measurement using a set of sensors of the levels and composition of accidentally and environmentally significant emissions and chemicals, smoke and other indicators of a fire hazard, seismic and meteorological parameters that may be important for assessing the emergency and environmental conditions,
- real-time assessment of the emergency and environmental conditions on the basis of preliminary processing in the control posts of the measurement results and decision-making on changing the operating mode and transmitting information, in particular autonomous operation, in case of loss of communication with the central control panel;
- reducing the amount of information transmitted to reduce the load on the communication channel;
- increase the noise immunity of information during transmission over a communication channel;
- protection of information and control commands from unauthorized access;
- location of emergency and environmentally hazardous sources;
- maneuverability of control posts and quick replacement of faulty posts.

 To achieve this technical result, an automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, including stationary control posts with detectors for measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, a central control panel, control units and direct and feedback transceivers of control posts with a central control panel, additionally contains mobile control posts with detectors, control units and their direct and feedback transceivers with a central control panel, each of which includes a location determination unit, and each of the stationary and mobile control posts additionally contains control and information preprocessing units, which transmit measurements of parameters and environmental characteristics from sensors of stationary and mobile control posts, and from the pre-processing unit, the information enters the control unit of the control post, then to the encryption unit from unauthorized access and then to Lock error-correcting coding, the information from which is fed to a central control panel.

 Measurement data of parameters and environmental characteristics from sensors of control stationary and mobile posts are transmitted to information pre-processing units, from which information is transmitted to encryption and noise-resistant coding units by commands of control units, then information is transmitted to the central control panel via direct and feedback transceivers.

 Introduction to the system of additional mobile control posts with blocks for determining their location, pre-processing information blocks, encryption and noise-resistant coding blocks increases the maneuverability of the system, allows you to determine the location of emergency and environmentally hazardous sources, monitors them near them, and quickly replaces faulty stationary control posts .

 In known systems (see, for example, the above prototypes) in control posts, environmental parameters are measured in detectors, the data of direct measurements of which are transmitted practically without processing (compression, encryption, etc.) through the communication channel to the central console, where they are processed . According to the results of processing, a decision is made, for example, about the occurrence of an emergency and issuing control commands to the posts, for example, to switch to emergency operation.

 Introduction to the control posts of the preliminary processing unit of the information received from the detectors makes it possible to quickly assess the emergency and environmental conditions in order to switch to the appropriate operating mode and transmit information depending on the program or commands stored in the control unit from the central control panel, to carry out operational notification of an emergency, and also provide a reduction in the amount of transmitted information to reduce the load on the communication channel. In case of communication failure with the central control panel, the control posts go into offline mode according to the internal program embedded in the control units.

 Introduction to the system of an encryption block, in particular cryptographic encryption, allows you to protect it from unauthorized access, such as terrorists and hackers.

 Introduction to the system block error-correcting coding allows you to detect and eliminate errors in the transmitted information and control commands.

 The constructive implementation of the functions of the input blocks is carried out by known methods.

 The cryptographic encryption block is executed on a microprocessor, which is programmed according to the algorithm described in GOST 28147-89 (Schemes for the software implementation of the cryptographic conversion algorithm, p. 19-21). The information preprocessing unit is also executed on a microprocessor, which is programmed for specific system requirements, for example, by a system user. In particular, the determination of a pre-emergency or emergency situation by some environmental parameter can be carried out by summing up several samples (the measurement results of this parameter with a corresponding detector) and comparing the result with the threshold level of this parameter. If the threshold is exceeded, a pre-emergency (emergency) state signal and a transition to another emergency monitoring mode are issued. The block of error-correcting coding is performed using noise-resistant convolutional codes based on specialized integrated circuits, see I. Korneev, A. Zhilyaev "VLSI - convolutional codec (Viterbi decoder)" -log "Chip News", Moscow, 1996, 8-9 , pp. 30-31, which describes their design and operation.

 The system (see Fig. 1) consists of stationary (see Fig. 2) and mobile (see Fig. 3) control posts (probes), the outputs and inputs of which are connected by direct and feedback connections to the inputs and outputs of the central control panel, respectively (dispatch center).

The drawings show:
FIG. 1 - structural diagram of the system, where 1 - stationary control posts (C1, ..., Cn), 2 - mobile control posts (M1, ..., Mm), 3 - direct and feedback, 4 - central control panel;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a stationary control post, where (D1, ..., Dk) are detectors, 5 is an information preprocessing unit, 6 is an encryption unit, 7 is an error-correcting encoding unit, 8 is a transceiver, 9 is a control unit , 10 - channel direct and feedback;
FIG. 3 - scheme of a mobile control post, where (D1, ..., Dk) are detectors, 5 is an information preprocessing unit, 6 is an encryption unit, 7 is a noise-resistant coding unit, 8 is a transceiver, 9 is a control unit, MP is a unit location determination.

 The stationary control post (see figure 2) consists of detectors D1-Dk measuring the state of the environment (gamma radiation level, temperature, etc.), the outputs of which are fed to the inputs of the preliminary information processing unit 5 about this state Wednesday. In this block, according to the program recorded in the control unit 9, the integral parameters of the medium are determined (average values for a given measurement period, trend, etc.), the amount of information transmitted to the communication channel is reduced, the pre-emergency or emergency situation is determined, and the previous data are accumulated and stored measurements, etc. For example, a gamma-ray spectrometric detector measures the amount and energy of gamma rays that have fallen into its sensor during the measurement, for example, in 1 hour. This data from the output of the detector block is fed to the input of the preliminary information processing block, where the obtained energy "spectrum" of the distribution determines, for example, the excess of the radiation level of certain radionuclides in the medium over a threshold level, for example, an emergency level. If such an excess of level has occurred, then the control unit according to the internal program goes into pre-emergency (or emergency) operation mode, makes emergency contact with the central control panel and (if necessary) notifies personnel. If the communication channel is busy or faulty, then information is stored in the storage device and re-connected. In the communication channel 10 is transmitted pre-processed - compressed (by reducing redundancy or low information content) information. For example, you can significantly reduce the amount of information transmitted over the communication channel using the fast Fourier transform of the resulting spectrum. Accordingly, almost the same number of times it becomes possible to increase the number of control posts working in this channel. In a number of cases, it is sufficient to transmit integral (averaged over many measurements) values of the monitored environmental parameter, for example, the background radiation level or exceeding the emergency level threshold. The implementation of this function by the preliminary information processing unit also leads to a significant reduction in the amount of transmitted information. The output of this block is connected to the input of the encryption block, providing, for example, cryptographic encryption of information from unauthorized access. In this case, the system is protected from terrorists or anyone who does not have the right to receive, convert or enter distorted information, if not, the compromise of secret keys. The output of the latter is connected to the input of the error-correcting coding unit, which ensures the detection and correction of errors in reception in the central control panel. Errors can occur due to interference and noise in the communication channel and / or in the receiving equipment. Its output is connected to the input of the transceiver 8, the output of which is connected to the input of the communication channel. The control inputs of all of these blocks are connected to the outputs of the control unit, which determines the mode of their operation according to the internal program or commands transmitted from the central control panel (dispatch center). In particular, when a pre-emergency or emergency situation is detected, this unit can automatically go into emergency operation without waiting for commands from the dispatch center, communication with which may be temporarily unavailable, and also, for example, promptly notify the controller-operator about this. Unlike well-known systems (see, for example, the prototypes mentioned above), such a system organization, in which the function of initial (preliminary) processing of detector data is transferred from the dispatch center to the monitoring environment, allows to obtain new properties (efficiency in determining the pre-emergency situation, autonomy, i.e. work according to the optimal program, even in the absence of control commands during a loss of communication with the dispatch center, protection against unauthorized access during transmission over the communication channel and formation, and control commands, as well as operation at high levels of interference in the communication channel). These new properties are achieved through the combined action of the introduced blocks. In particular, with a high level of interference in the communication channel and the presence of only an information preprocessing unit, the system can generally be inoperative, since the reduction of the transmitted information redundancy by this unit leads, accordingly, to a significant increase in the "value" of each information bit damaged by interference.

Claims (1)

 An automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, including stationary control posts with detectors for measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, a central control panel, control units and direct and feedback transceivers of control posts with a central control panel, characterized in that the system further comprises mobile control posts with detectors, control units and transceivers of their direct and feedback from the central to with a control panel, each of which includes a location determination unit, and each of the stationary and mobile control posts additionally contains an information preprocessing unit, into which data of measurements of parameters and environmental characteristics are transmitted from sensors of the stationary and mobile control posts, and information from the preliminary processing unit enters the control unit of the corresponding control post, then to the encryption unit from unauthorized access and then to the noise immunity unit live coding, information from which is fed to the central control panel.

Images