RU2209032C1 - Method for diagnosing intellectual potential of an individual - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves showing a series of tests or tasks to a testee, measuring and recording of physiological parameter changes not consciously controlled in the process of solving them. Parameter changes are represented for each test as a plot showing dependency of heat radiation from temporal skin on test time. Heat radiation changes are set in correspondence to task solving results on the basis of plot pattern. The task being solved in time, testee readiness to the given task class is determined when the heat radiation is of low intensity; sharp growth on the plot followed by lowering of the curve being the case, high level of brain activity before start caused by expected more complex task is determined; heat radiation being high, ability to high level of intellectual activity is considered to be the case. If the task has not been solved, low heat radiation intensity level shows low level of intellectual development; high heat radiation intensity level shows ability to intellectual activity under low degree of training to do the given kind of job. EFFECT: high reliability in determining readiness to education. 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to psychology, and can be used in testing to obtain objective data on the intellectual level, personal characteristics of thinking, the search for individual methods of activating the mental and cognitive activity of a person for diagnostic purposes, with professional selection.

 Known methods for determining intelligence usually use a method of comparing the number and quality of tasks that a person solves per unit of time with the average indicator obtained when testing a large population of people similar to the subject in a number of socio-demographic characteristics (1). This method does not reflect the personal characteristics of the intellectual activity of the individual.

 To establish a connection between the mental activity of an individual and those psychophysiological reactions in the structure of the brain that accompany this activity, an electroencephalography method is known, which consists in recording the potential difference between the electrodes applied to the scalp or even directly introduced into the brain. The complexity of the equipment, research methods and decoding of the EEG exclude the widespread use of this method. Methods of studying mental performance, professional suitability of emotional activity in the process of solving various problems by measuring the electrical resistance of the skin (skin-galvanic reactions) are relatively simple, a lot of techniques have been developed according to them (2, 3), however, the connection of skin-galvanic reactions with emotions and muscle tension makes it difficult to use this method in studies of human intellectual activity.

 Closest to the proposed invention are the research results described in the works of Ananiev B.G., according to which the phenomenon of the participation of intellectual activity in heat generation, as well as the fact of an increase in the temperature of the scalp with intellectual and emotional stress (4), was established. However, the dependence of the change in heat generation on the personality characteristics of the subject under intellectual stress has not been established.

 The objective of the invention is to use the phenomenon of heat generation in the process of brain activity to increase the reliability of the results of studies of human intellectual activity by eliminating subjective assessment due to the established dependence of changes in the physiological parameter that is uncontrollably consciously and constantly changing in the process of thinking - thermal radiation.

 To solve this problem, the method consisting in measuring the temperature of the skin of the temples with a medical electrothermometer that has point contact with the surface of the skin of the temple, instead, record changes in the temperature of the temple using sensors whose contact area with the temple of the subject is at least 4 square meters. cm.

 Data is obtained in the form of graphs of changes in energy flows over time and, in the form of a graph, draw conclusions about the intellectual potency of the subject, including functional specialization of the brain (the predominant inclusion of a certain hemisphere in the thinking process corresponds to higher energy costs), the degree of preparedness of the subject determines the nature of thinking (productive or reproductive).

In the case of the assignment:
- a low level of thermal radiation allows us to judge the preparedness of the subject for this type of task (reproductive thinking);
- a sharp rise in the curve with a subsequent decrease indicates a high prelaunch activity of the brain caused by the expectation of a more complex task;
- a high level of thermal radiation allows us to judge the ability of a person to a high level of intellectual activity (productive thinking).

In case of failure to complete the task:
- a low level of thermal radiation corresponds to a low level of intellectual development;
- a high level of energy costs corresponds to the ability to intellectual activity with poor preparedness for the solution of this test.

Distinctive features of the proposed method is that:
- determine the intellectual potency not only with increasing, but also with a decrease in thermal radiation,
- establish changes in thermal radiation depending on the level of preparedness of the subject.

- make changes in the heat flux over the temporal lobes of the brain using sensors whose contact area with the subject’s temple is at least 4 square meters. cm
The proposed method is illustrated by graphs of the dependence of changes in heat fluxes on time during intellectual stress in solving various problems by different individuals.

 The method is as follows. Sensors with a contact area with the skin of the temples of at least 4 square meters are mounted on the subject’s head. see. The most convenient are electric heat radiation sensors, as they allow you to convert the heat flux into electrical signals with their subsequent processing and display of signals on the monitor in the form of a graph separately for the left and right hemispheres of the brain. After warming up the sensors and establishing the thermal equilibrium of the sensor with the skin, the subject is presented with a number of tasks or tests, during the solution of which there is a constant recording of changes in thermal radiation. The heat flux is converted into electrical signals and the data is displayed on the monitor screen in the form of a curve graph of the dependence of these changes on time. Moreover, in order to determine the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, they are simultaneously taking readings from the left and right hemispheres and at the same time constructing graphs for each hemisphere. A chart with higher indicators characterizes the predominant inclusion of the corresponding hemisphere in the thinking process.

 In a search experiment involving more than 200 subjects, the fact of the relationship of energy shifts in the cerebral cortex with the nature of mental activity was established with certainty. At the first stage of research, measuring instruments with an arrow pointer were used. Since only changes in energy flows are important, and not their absolute values, the energy shifts in the cerebral cortex were measured in arbitrary units, or on the scale of an electrical meter in microamps or in degrees of temperature.

 Example 1

In FIG. 1 shows the test results of the test subject when performing the following tasks (task number corresponds to the curve number):
1. Corrective test.

 2. Switchability and stability of attention.

 3. The speed of thought processes.

 4. Creative imagination.

 5. Definition of concepts.

 6. Exclusion of concepts.

 7. Numeric subtest Eysenck.

 8. The semantic memory.

 9. Tables Schulte.

 For the subject, we can talk about the predominant inclusion of the right hemisphere in the thinking process, since when solving six of the nine tasks, a change in energy costs was recorded in the right hemisphere. The solution of tasks 1, 2, 3 was accompanied by an increase in energy costs. Task 4 on creative imagination required maximum stress. The solution of problems 5, 6 and 8 was accompanied by lower energy costs, and already in the left hemisphere. Moreover, task 6 was characterized by the lowest energy costs.

 The solution to problem 7 after a pattern of constructing a series of numbers was discovered, went with a reduction in energy costs. But the solution to problem 9 was not completed due to brain overload caused by overwork.

 Using a computer greatly facilitates the control of intellectual activity and energy shifts in the cerebral cortex can be expressed as graphs of changes, for example, skin temperature over the temporal lobes of the brain over a period of time.

 Example 2

A group of students in grade 11 of a secondary school was offered a test consisting of the following tasks:
1. Choose the desired figure from 6 possible (7 cards).

 2. Solve 4 anagrams and in each exclude an extra word.

 3. Continue the number series (2 tasks).

 4. Munsterberg test.

 In FIG. Figures 2-8 show graphs of the most characteristic cases recorded by a computer during these test tasks.

 In Figs. 2 and 3, the graphs of the energy expenditures of the brain of students with equal success completed 9 tasks out of 14. The graphs recorded the different nature of the mental activity of these two students. If in Fig. 2 one can observe the same work of the cerebral hemispheres, then the second student (Fig. 3) can see a greater energy shift in the left hemisphere (upper curve) compared to the energy shift in the right hemisphere (lower curve).

 In FIG. 4 graphs of energy costs in the cerebral cortex of a student who successfully solved 12 out of 14 problems. The steepness of the curves indicates a great intellectual stress.

 Figure 5 graphs of the energy expenditure of the brain of a student who has previously solved similar tests. He successfully and quickly completed all tasks without significant energy costs. You can see that part of the tasks was carried out even with a decrease in energy costs in the right hemisphere.

 In FIG. 6 is a graph of a student who did not solve a single problem and in the fifth minute refused to continue the solution and removed the sensors.

 In FIG. 7 and 8 graphs of students who solved only 3 tasks out of 14, despite the fact that the level of intellectual tension is especially in the right hemisphere (lower line in Fig. 7) of one student, and in the left hemisphere (upper line in Fig. 8) another student was relatively high. The stock of knowledge among these students was not enough to complete the tasks, although we can talk about the relatively high intellectual potential of these individuals.

 Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the reliability of determining readiness for learning, learning outcomes and intellectual potential of the individual as an indicator of professional suitability for a particular type of activity.

Sources of information
1. Nemov R.S. "Experimental educational psychology and psychodiagnosis" Kn.3. M., Enlightenment, Vlados, 1995.

 2. A.S. 1822748, cl. 5 A 61 B 5/16, 1993

 3. A.S. 1377036, cl. 4 A 61 B 5/16, 1988

 4. Ananyev E.G. "Intellectual activity and thermoregulation", Age psychology of adults. Vol. 3, L., 1971

Claims (1)

 A method for diagnosing an individual’s intellectual potency, including presenting a subject with a series of tasks or tests, measuring and recording changes in an uncontrolled consciously physiological parameter in the process of solving them, characterized in that for each test the parameter changes are displayed as a graph of the dependence of thermal radiation from the skin of the temple on execution time test and the form of the graph establish the correspondence of changes in thermal radiation with the result of the task, and in the case of adania at the set time: with a low level of thermal radiation, determine the test's preparedness for this type of task, with a sharp rise in the curve with a subsequent decrease - a high level of pre-launch brain activity caused by the expectation of a more complex task, with a high level of thermal radiation - the ability to a high level of intellectual activity , and in case of failure to complete the task: with a low level of thermal radiation, a low level of intellectual development is determined, with a high level of thermal and radiation - the ability to intellectual activity when ill-prepared to address this test.

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