RU220897U1 - Electric fence to protect selection crops from hares - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fences used to protect selection crops from hares. The electric fence includes a high-voltage pulse generator (HPV), from the generator power supply, wooden posts with wooden taps, insulators, connectors, a lightning rod, a gate, the main closed electrical protection circuit, consisting of five rows of current conductors, mounted on the post insulators and connected to each other and to “+” output of the GVI and located respectively at a distance of 150 mm, 300 mm, 480 mm, 680 mm and 880 mm from the soil surface, an external closed circuit of electrical protection, consisting of two rows of current conductors, mounted on tap insulators, interconnected with “-” output of the GVI and with a ground loop and located at a distance of 500 mm and 800 mm from the soil surface, respectively, the coupler is installed on a post at an angle of 350 at a level of 300 mm from the soil surface. The posts are buried 300 mm into the ground at a distance of 6000 mm. An electric fence protects the fenced breeding plot from visits by hares. 3 ill., 1 pr.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fences used to protect selection crops from hares. Hares are a real scourge for farmers, gardeners, and especially for breeders, because... in a short time their efforts can be nullified. Hares feed on plants: they eat leaves and stems, but they can also dig up lint. Composition of food for the summer diet of hares: various wild plants (dandelion, chicory, tansy, knotweed, rapeseed, clover, alfalfa), as well as cultivated plants (buckwheat, cereals, vegetables, melons and especially oilseeds (sunflower, soybeans, etc.). Humanity has accumulated experience in fighting hares: poisoned baits, fences around garden beds. But all this is troublesome and expensive. Modern technologies make it easier to solve this problem: this is an electric fence and a generator of high-voltage voltage pulses to it. When contacting such a fence, animals receive a weak blow electric shock and jump away from her.

A known fence for animals includes a fencing unit made in the form of a spiral with support and traction elements made of flexible cables. Such a fence has contact with the soil, which is why it cannot be used for electric fences (A.S. USSR No. 938853. A01K 3/00).

Disadvantage - ineffectiveness for scaring away hares, because Hares can easily jump over the fence.

A known pasture electric fence includes a spiral with different diameters of turns and the same spacing between turns, made of elastic steel wire. In the upper base of the spiral, a flexible traction element serving as an electrode is rigidly fixed; in the lower base, the spiral is covered with a thin layer of insulating material (A.S. USSR No. 1576079, A01K 3/00).

Disadvantage - ineffectiveness for scaring away hares, because The small spiral rings, located between the large ones, are high above the soil, and hares can easily get under the fence.

An electric fence for pigs during grazing is known, which includes a fencing unit made in the form of a spiral with limiting and traction cables, laid on insulating poles, between which stakes are driven 3 - 4 m apart, along which wire with red flags is stretched, and in a spiral , and an electric current is passed through the wire. The spiral is made with equal spaces between the rings and is made of elastic galvanized steel (Patent No. 2175835, A01K 3/00. 1999).

Disadvantage: Ineffective against hares.

A universal electric fence is known for keeping various animals in pasture pens, including fine-wool sheep with thick wool 13 cm long, including a high-voltage voltage pulse generator, an inductor, a battery, a wire fence consisting of galvanized wire with a diameter of 1.0 to 3. 5 mm, wooden corner and intermediate posts, differing in length and diameter. If the fence is used with one row of wires, then a grounding device is used, consisting of a wire with clamps at the ends and a grounding rod buried 30-50 cm into the ground, and a positive current is supplied to the fence, and a negative current is grounded. If the fence is installed in two rows of wires, then a negative current is supplied to the upper row, and a positive current is supplied to the lower row (A.S. USSR No. 120714, 1957).

The disadvantage is that it is ineffective for protecting crops (in the “backwater”) from the penetration of hares into the “corral”, because one row of wires and even two rows of wires is not a hindrance for hares to get inside the “pen”.

A device for grazing animals is known, containing an electrical pulse generator, a drum with a flexible wire, a grounding conductor, racks with insulators installed in the ground every 15 - 20 m. A conductive wire connected to the electrical pulse generator is pulled between them at a height of 0.7 m (see Catalog of agricultural machinery, volume 3, Moscow, 1992, pp. 48-49).

Disadvantage - ineffectiveness for protection against hares, because One conductive wire is not a hindrance for hares to penetrate the fence.

A pasture electric fence is known, containing a high-voltage pulse generator (HPV) connected to a solar battery, and a fence made of rows of electrical wires, mounted on portable poles and connected to the HVI. To connect low-power electric drives, a current inverter is installed that converts direct current into alternating current to power the electric fence (Utility model patent No. 187419, A01K 3/00, 2018).

Disadvantage - the distance between the rows of electrical wires and their number are unknown.

Electric fences Olli (Finland) are known, the main components of which include: a generator powered by a battery/accumulator, current conductors made of copper, aluminum and stainless steel (wire, tape, borehole), insulators, wooden posts, a gate, connectors, a grounding pole, lightning protection arrester The number of current conductors and their location above the ground depend on the type of animal: for cows - 60 cm and 110 cm, for pigs - 30 cm and 60 cm, for horses - 80 cm and 140 cm, for sheep and bears - 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm, for wild boars and wolves - 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm, for dogs - 20 cm, 40 cm, 70 cm and 90 cm, for deer - 40 cm, 70 cm and 130 cm. Distance between posts 2 .5 - 3.5 m, maximum - 8 m. The choice of generator power depends on the length of the animal’s fur, the length of the fence and its lower level, which, in turn, depends on the growth of the animal. And if the animal is small, then there is a risk that the grass will touch the fence and cause an electricity leak.

The disadvantage is that the parameters of an electric fence for scaring away hares are not known.

The technical result provided by the claimed utility model is the creation of an electric fence structure that protects the fenced territory of the selection plot from the penetration of hares.

Disclosure of utility model.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an electric fence, including a high-voltage pulse generator (HPV) powered by a battery, wooden posts with insulators on which several rows of current conductors are attached, forming a main closed electrical protection circuit connected to the HVI, a gate, a grounding loop, connectors , a lightning rod, differs in that the wooden posts with insulators are additionally equipped with wooden branches with two insulators each, installed to them at an angle of 35° at a level of 300 mm from the ground, on which current conductors are fixed, interconnected and forming an external closed circuit of electrical protection , connected to the “-” output of the GVI and to the ground loop, and the main closed electrical protection loop is connected to the “+” output of the GVI and consists of five rows of current conductors, respectively located at a distance of 150 mm, 300 mm, 480 mm, 680 mm and 880 mm from the soil surface, and the rows of current conductors of the external electrical protection circuit are at a distance of 500 mm and 800 mm from the soil surface, while the columns are buried in the ground to a depth of 300 mm at a distance of 6000 mm from each other.

Brief description of the drawings.

In fig. 1 schematically shows the inventive electric fence, side view.

In fig. 2 - the same, top view.

In fig. 3 - column with a coupler, side view.

The inventive electric fence includes: a high-voltage pulse (HVP) generator 1, a generator power battery 2, wooden posts 3, wooden taps 4, insulators 5, current conductors 6 forming the main closed electrical protection loop, current conductors 7 forming the external closed electrical protection loop, grounding circuit 8, gate 9, lightning rod 10, connectors 11.

Our research on the protection of selection crops from the invasion of hares using electric fences has identified the optimal design and parameters of the fence, ensuring the protection of selection plots from the penetration of hares through the fence. When identifying the optimal design of the fence and its parameters, the external data of the hares were taken into account: body length 57 - 68 cm, height at the withers 25 - 30 cm, ear length 13 - 15 cm, tail length 10 cm, weight - up to 7 kg, as well as the strength of the hind legs. paws, running speed up to 60 km/h, their cunning. This information and long-term observation of the behavior of hares in experimental crop fields, in particular sunflower, made it possible to identify the optimal parameters of the main closed circuit of electrical protection: the location of the lower conductor of the electric fence from the soil surface (so that the hare could not easily crawl under the lower conductor), the optimal location of the upper conductor of the electric fence from the soil surface (so that the hare cannot jump over the fence from above), and the distance between intermediate (in height) conductors (so that the hare cannot jump between the conductors without receiving an electric shock).

However, observation of selective crops of oilseed crops, in particular sunflower crops, and the invasion of hares on them showed a situation where a hare in a jump, having touched the upper electrical conductor of the main circuit, did not jump away from the fence, but still jumped over the fence and, “ having cooled down,” he ate cultivated plants. To prevent this, we have experimentally identified the proposed design of an electric fence, in which wooden couplers are rigidly installed on wooden posts at a level of 300 mm from the soil surface at an angle of 35° (the distance between the upper ends of the post and the coupler is 420 - 450 mm), at which the hare always bounced off the electric fence.

The claimed electric fence is mounted as follows. In the selection area, markings are carried out, columns 3 with taps 4 with insulators 5 attached to them are installed at a distance of 6000 mm from each other, columns 3 are buried to a depth of 300 mm. Install generator 1 and gate 9, pull current conductors 6 and 7 onto insulators 5, install connectors 11 of current conductors, install battery 2, organize grounding 8, lightning rod 10, check the voltage on the electric fence conductors using a tester. And they are waiting for hares.

An example of installing an electric fence.

An experimental plot 120 meters long and 120 meters wide with a total area of 1.44 hectares was fenced with the claimed electric fence to protect the crops of sunflower maternal lines from hares. The length of the electric fence along the perimeter of the plot was 480 meters. To install the electric fence, 80 posts with holes and insulators were installed at a distance of 6000 mm from each other, buried in the soil to a depth of 300 mm so that the distance of the bottom line of insulators on the posts from the soil was 150 mm, and the distance of the top line of insulators on the taps was 800 mm. A high-voltage pulse generator with a battery, an entrance gate for maintenance personnel, a lightning rod to protect the generator from lightning, and a grounding loop were installed. The length of the voltage conductors stretched over the insulators along the internal protection circuit was 2400 meters, along the external protection circuit - 960 meters. The total length of the conductors was 3360 meters. The positive pole of the generator output voltage was connected through a lightning rod to the internal protection loop, and the negative pole was connected to the ground loop, to which the external protection loop was connected. The output voltage was monitored with a high-voltage voltmeter and was within the range of 6...8 kV. The electric fence “worked” for more than 60 days, until the sunflower grew to a stage that no longer attracted hares. Protection of the breeding plot from penetration by pinto hares was 100%. The electric fence was then dismantled and placed in a designated storage area until the next season. We reused the electric fence 4 times and the effect was 100%.

From the above, we can conclude that the claimed set of features of the utility model is necessary and sufficient to achieve the stated goal - protecting breeding crops from hares.

Claims (2)

1. An electric fence for protecting selection crops from hares, including a high-voltage pulse generator (HPV) powered by a battery, wooden posts with insulators on which several rows of current conductors are attached, connected to each other and forming the main closed circuit of electrical protection connected to the HVI, as well as a grounding loop, a gate, connectors, a lightning rod, characterized in that the wooden posts with insulators are additionally equipped with wooden taps installed to them at an angle of 35° at a level of 300 mm from the ground with two insulators each, on which current conductors are attached, connected to each other and forming an external closed circuit of electrical protection connected to the “-” output of the GVI and to the ground loop, and the main closed circuit of electrical protection is connected to the “+” output of the GVI and consists of five rows of current conductors, located respectively at a distance of 150 mm, 300 mm , 480 mm, 680 mm and 880 mm from the soil surface, and the rows of external circuit current conductors are at a distance of 500 mm and 800 mm from the soil surface. 2. Electric fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts are buried in the ground to a depth of 300 mm at a distance of 6000 mm from each other.

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