RU2208370C2 - Method of contactless measurement object surface topography and device for method embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: method and devices for contactless measurement of object surface topography. SUBSTANCE: method is based on successive measurement along object longitudinal vertical axis of contours of discrete transverse horizontal sections of its surface, whose succession is used for geometric reconstruction of object surface which forms discrete linear framework - topography of object surface. To provide for maximum conformity of measured contours with horizontal sections of object surface, measurement of each contour is carried out in negligible interval of vertical layer of its surface by practically instantaneous determination of points geometric place by which measured contour is determined and formed by intersection of many obtained tangent beams to object surface, embracing it from both sides and lying in horizontal plane of circumference embracing the object, whose positions are determined for each successively displacing over given circumference point of position of sources of wide-angle optical irradiation of object by diverging fan beam with angular width exceeding object angular transverse dimensions and corresponding position of shade arc ends behind object on circumference, determined by signals of optical receivers located in preset points on same circumference from their group corresponding to circumference are opposite to source. Discrete linear framework of object surface is determined by successive repetition of said actions with sliding displacement of circumference plane along object vertical longitudinal axis. Invention also covers device for method embodiment. EFFECT: higher level of automation and accuracy of individual designing of clothes templates. 7 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to light industry, in particular to sewing, and can be used for non-contact measurement of surface topography of objects of complex shape, mainly human figures, in particular for mass anthropometric surveys of the population and in the manufacture of clothing for individual orders, providing an increase in the level of automation and accuracy of individual designing clothing patterns.

 Various systems are known for objective spatial measurement of a human figure or other bodies of complex shape, which differ in the degree of automation of this process and the principles of operation. Contact systems are widespread in which, for example, data on a person’s figure is obtained as a function or its discrete values, which includes a description of the shape of the measured figure by the angular position of the measuring tape during its rolling on the surface of the figure during measurement (see, for example, USSR copyright certificate 341465, class A 41 H 1/04, 1969; USSR copyright certificate 508247, class A 41 H 1/04, 1974; USSR copyright certificate 936874, class A 41 H 1/04, 1980). In this case, the sections or rectangular projections of the human figure are restored by the angular deviation of the measuring tape from the direction of the radius vector of the position of the device for feeding and receiving the measuring tape in space, that is, from the direction of the center of the annular trajectory of the tape drive mechanism. A measuring tape closed in a ring acts as a contact element that rolls in light clothing and is located tangent to the contour of the section of the figure, which is used for measurements. The devices typically comprise an angular scanning unit (figure measuring mechanism) electrically connected to the control panel and movably placed on a vertical guide rack mounted on the base of the device, a position sensor and an angular scanning unit moving drive along the rack using the vertical movement mechanism, and recording measurement results and computational units, such as those placed in the control panel and interconnected with a goniometer unit and an information processing and issuing unit nations (USSR author's certificate 936874, class A 41 H 1/04, 1980). In general, the angular scanning unit of such devices is a ring guide (circular base) movably mounted for vertical movement on a rack, oriented horizontally with a movable carriage with a rotation drive located on it, a movable angular sensor of the measuring tape kinematically connected with the tape and made in the form of a signal strip, and with a compensator for measuring tape tension, by means of a tape drive associated with the carriage, as well as tsekateli measuring tape and the carriage position sensors, constructed as optocouplers and placed on a circular base with a possibility of interaction with the signal strip. During the measurement process, the person remains stationary, while the tape drive evenly moves along the annular guide around the figure of the person, and the latter moves vertically and accordingly moves vertically the plane of the location of the loop of the measuring tape covering the object. Thus, the carriage with the tape drive mechanism describes in space a helix around the object and, therefore, the output function of surface measurement contains a description of the helical contour of the surface, measured as a result of movement along the surface of the figure of a single point of contact of the measuring tape coil from the signal strip side along the helix , which complicates and reduces the accuracy of the algorithm for reconstructing sections (rectangular projections) of a person’s figure for further calculations of the figure’s parameters for the purpose of clothing patterns. The main disadvantage of such systems, in addition, is the low reliability due to the large number of movable, mechanically controlled elements of the devices involved in the measurement process: this is the measuring tape itself, movable tensioning carriages, and measuring tape tension limiters moving along the respective guides. The use of mechanical systems imposes restrictions on the duration of the measurement process, which increases the likelihood of errors due to the movement of the object over a long measurement time.

 A common drawback of systems of contact measurement of a human figure is the presence of errors due to the contact of measuring elements with soft tissues of the surface of the human body, which reduces the accuracy and speed of measurement, and can also cause inconvenience and discomfort for the person being measured. Contact methods also exclude the possibility of simultaneously measuring more than one object, such as, for example, the surface of the torso of a person’s body and arms or both legs, and limit the amount of information received about the object. This reduces the overall informativeness of measurements and, as a result, the quality level of information support of CAD clothing.

 In a non-contact way, the surface shape of volumetric bodies is studied using devices that emit electromagnetic light or sound waves.

 Non-contact stereophotogrammetric and automatic television systems (necessarily include shooting cameras and a reproducing monitor) measure the surface of the human body, offering an analog representation of information and requiring automatic image analysis on a computer to determine the girth parameters of the body (see, for example, Petrov S.V., Medvedeva T.V. Method of designing digital models of surfaces of mannequins of figures // Sewing Industry. M., 1992. 5 and "Making measurements on a body" EP 0222498 A2, publ. 20.05.87, Bulletin 87/21). The first technology is based on short-range photogrammetry methods that allow highly accurate multiple measurements of the coordinates of three-dimensional objects from their multi-angle images. The basis of this method of studying the surface shape of an object is an image of the entire surface. These non-contact measurement systems are characterized by high accuracy and measurement speed. However, they use large complex optical systems and arrays of cameras for measurements and provide special requirements for lighting and reflectivity of the surface of the object that needs to be measured. All this complicates these methods and devices, creates inconveniences in use, limits the possibility of application, significantly increases the cost of systems, the complexity and duration of algorithms for automatic processing of measurement results and, as a result, the inappropriateness of using systems for small batches of measurements. To process the measurement results in many cases, the device must work in the system with specialized computers.

 Optical systems for measuring the topography of the surface of objects of complex shape, such as, for example, human bodies, by blocking or shading a source of coherent light, are also known, which differ in the design of the deployment device, the path of the scanning beam, the size and type of objects to be measured, the type of photoelectronic converter, and the method for fixing the shadow, optical resolution. The method of topographic measurement of the shape and size of the surface of an object is based on measuring the contour of the surface of the object in transverse directions with the definition of the surface contours as the cross sections of the surface in the form of closed flat curves that together form a discrete frame - the surface topography of the measured object. Horizontal surfaces are defined as sections of a measured object obtained in discrete secant horizontal level planes.

The closest to the proposed invention by technical essence are a non-contact method and device for optical measurement of the topography of the surface of the object (see "Device for optical measurement of topographic parameters of the surface of the object" // Inventions of the world 08/98 or "Optical method and apparatus for measuring surface topography of an object "US 5636030, publ. 06/03/1997, Int. Cl. ⁶ G 01 B 11/10; G 02 B 26/08). The device is designed to measure the full surface of large opaque objects of complex shape, such as a human body, and its characteristics in three dimensions. In accordance with the description text and circuit design, the device comprises a source of a narrow beam of light — a coherent radiation generator such as a laser with a small cross section of a light beam emitting a light beam with a very sharp directivity, i.e. low divergence of light rays in the beam, mounted in a stationary horizontal position above the measured object in an optomechanical unit containing a device for angular transverse scanning of space by a beam. The device also contains a photosensitive source radiation detector in the form of a single optical sensor of the state of the light beam, on which the reflected radiation is focused, such as a photodiode mounted in a fixed axial position above the measured object in the optomechanical unit and registering the state of the light beam when it is blocked by the object and generating an electrical signal according to the number radiation incident on the sensor at various points in time. In the present invention, a single optical receiver is used which detects the states of the light beam, namely whether the light beam is blocked by the object or not. The source of a narrow light beam is optically coupled to an external optical system of deflecting mirrors to control the direction of radiation oriented sequentially in the vertical and horizontal direction along a folded optical path with a multi-link geometric configuration into the measurement plane of the multi-angle transverse angular scanning device of its internal space by a beam that contains mechanically controlled structural elements, namely a rotating horizontally oriented bracket n-base, structurally radially binding pair placed at the edges, optically coupled rotary mirrors in a prism shape with an angular inclination of working faces 45 ^o, successively guides the axial beam horizontally radially outwardly from the central axis of the device by a distance of the guide bracket coordinated with the annular modules radius , and the radial beam is vertically in the tracking position of the scanning multi-faceted mirror, the driving gear of the mechanical gear drive with internal gear continuous vertical movement of the ring module, which is the basis for a multifaceted scanning mirror, rotating it around its own axis and simultaneously moving around the circumference of the guide gear with internal gearing, for angular scanning in the plane of measurement of the ring with the inner surface of the back reflection, made in the form of a pyramid with angular inclination of the faces 45 ^o , simultaneously performing its own rotation and movement around the object along the guide (orbit) ring of the first module with the help of the drive and the one that rotates and directs the tracking beam inside the ring module into the horizontal plane of scanning, and connected with the driven gear of the internal gearing of the mechanical transmission and with the internal surface of the back reflection of the scanning beam back along the incidence path through the beam splitter and the lens to the optical sensor. An annular module having a sufficient diameter to cover the measured object and made with the possibility of vertical movement along the central vertical axial line by means of a drive is placed in the optomechanical unit of the device in a horizontal position and includes an annular base with an annular guide of the rotational movement of the scanning optical element - a multifaceted mirror made in the form of a surface of a gearwheel with internal gearing of the transmission mechanism of the mirror rotation drive mechanism along vlyayuschey, and a leading carrier of gear mechanism coaxially disposed on top of the outer diameter polygon mirror. Along the inner surface of the annular module is placed a tape with a surface for the back reflection of the beam along the path of its incidence. Also, in the optomechanical unit of the device, a source that generates a narrow light beam and an optical sensor that records the state of the light beam during the measurement are located away from the object and position on one side of the measured object above it and are optically coupled through an external optical system of deflecting mirrors to control the direction of radiation of the source using dynamic optical elements, transmitting to the optical sensor a stream of light that is not blocked by the object, i.e. a beam returning reflected from the inner backward reflective surface of the ring module of the optical system, which also includes a beam splitting mirror and focusing radiation to the detector lens, which are also motionlessly located along the central vertical axis of the optomechanical unit.

 The received luminous flux is converted into an electrical signal. In general, all structural components and optical elements of the device are oriented along the central vertical axis of the optomechanical block passing through the center of the ring module, the lens and the beam-guiding beam splitting mirror, and the optical radiation sensor. This axis is simultaneously the axis of mechanical rotation of the elements of the kinematic scanning mechanism along the guide of the annular module around the object and the direction of relative vertical movement of the annular module and the object.

When measuring an object whose surface topography is to be obtained, they are installed in a vertical position as a whole in one line with the central axis of the optomechanical unit of the device. The light source generates a light beam with low beam divergence, which is reflected at a right angle by the coupler. This reflected beam is incident on the first mirror of a rotating pair of rotary mirrors along the axis of rotation of this mirror. The first rotating mirror of the pair is located at an angle of 45 ^o , so that the beam is again reflected at a right angle, thereby creating a rotational scanning beam, which continuously continuously scans the space in the sector of the angle 360 ^o in the horizontal plane, making a continuous circular scan. This rotational scanning beam, in turn, is reflected at right angles to the second, radially offset along the guide bracket of the pair mirror, which rotates around the first mirror. In this case, the rotational scanning beam is converted into a beam that simultaneously scans in a vertical plane along the generatrix of the cylindrical surface. This cylindrical scanning beam then falls onto a multifaceted mirror, which synchronously with this beam rotates along the annular base around the measured object, and is reflected by a polyhedral mirror at right angles into the measurement plane bounded by it. Since this multifaceted mirror performs its own rotation as it moves along the annular base around the measured object, a rotary scanning beam is repeatedly scanned across the object from all its sides.

 The luminous flux fractions for each scan of the beam in the measurement plane corresponding to the completed cycle of revolution of the mirror face around its axis, which are not blocked by the measured object, fall on the annular base with a back reflection surface that surrounds the object. The retroreflective ring base returns the scanning beam along the corresponding path of incidence back to the beam splitting mirror. The returned light beam passes through a beam-splitting mirror and is focused by lenses on the photodetector. The received luminous flux is converted into an electrical signal. The optical parameter (absorption coefficient), which is a function of the position of the scanning beam in the ring module, is converted to the amplitude of the electrical signal, which changes at the output of the optical sensor in time during angular scanning of space by the beam. The continuous voltage range of the electrical signal received from the optical sensor is an analog of the radiation state from this angle in the ring module. In the process of analog-to-digital conversion using a special PC board, the continuous interval of values of the electrical signal is preliminarily replaced by a number of discrete values during quantization into two levels. Thus, by measuring the duration of the shadow created by the object during each scan and associating this shadow for each cycle with the corresponding location in the orbit (circular path) and the orientation of the proper rotation of the polyhedral mirror, we can calculate the cross-section of the object lying in the plane of the scanning beam. In this case, the ring module is moved relative to the object in the longitudinal vertical direction using an electromechanical drive. In this method, the cross-sections following one after the other are measured by vertical movement of the polyhedral mirror along with the back-reflecting ring along the object. Then it is possible to geometrically connect successive cross sections into a single whole to calculate the topography of the entire surface of the object. Further processing of the measurement results is also carried out on a PC.

 In this device (prototype), the direction of radiation is controlled using a number of non-stationary optical elements, including a scanning element moving around the circumference (polyhedral mirror). This ensures a consistent movement of the light beam in the plane across the object and periodically blocking (interrupting) the light beam directed to the object in the scanning plane (beam sweep field).

 The basis of this method of studying the surface shape of an object is to obtain shadow contours of cross sections of the embossed surface of the measured object in horizontal planes, followed by calculation of the coordinates of the nodal points of the cross sections. Thus, a graphical definition of the volumetric shape of the surface of the measured object is obtained in the form of a set of its horizontal sections by level planes with the formation of a surface frame. With the help of such devices, a topography of the projections of the contours of the cross sections of the surface of the object on the plane reduced to a single center — the center of the measuring circle — is obtained.

 During measurement, the surface is irradiated with a source of a narrow beam of light, while the mirror, rotating around its own axis and at the same time moving around the circumference around the object, reflects the beam across the object and scans this beam when moving around the circle. Thus, a multi-angle angular scanning of the space in reflected light is performed by a narrow beam in a plane across the object by registering the reflected radiation of a source that is not blocked by the object. The sensor detects reflected radiation and generates an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of radiation blocked by the object. The proposed scanning method does not require moving the source around the object. Thus, in this method, the measurement of the topography of the surface of an object is carried out by repeatedly measuring the duration of the shadow on the detector as a result of blocking the radiation source by the measured object for each beam scan during a full revolution of the laser beam of the optical system of mirrors around the object during measurement and determining the shadow boundaries for the corresponding angles (directions) of radiation and the positions of a multifaceted mirror of an orbiting optical system of mirrors in orbit at times Change the beginning and end of the shadow from the object on the detector. According to the measurement results, the tangents to the contour of the surface sections are calculated, linking the corresponding orbital position and the own rotational orientation of the polyhedral mirror, and the cross-section of the surface of the object is calculated. Thus, according to the prototype, horizontal sections of the surface of the human body are determined by the tangents to the surface corresponding to the obtained boundaries of the object’s shadow in the scanning sector for each angle of view by a beam measured at different times of measurement of the human figure. The object remains stationary during the measurement, and a pair of mirrors and a polyhedral mirror revolve around it, while simultaneously moving along the vertical axis.

 The device and method allow to determine the coordinates of the full surface of the human body by calculating tangent to the contour of the cross-sections of the surface of the human body. Tangents can be made into a contour for calculating a horizontal section lying in the plane of the field of sweeps (sectors of sweeps) covered by a scanning beam (prototype).

 The device and method for optical measurement of topographic parameters of the surface of an object (prototype) has a number of known advantages, however, in some of its aspects it can be improved to achieve the best measurement result. In this regard, the main disadvantage of the prototype is the described need for the use of mechanical elements of the drive unit of the angular scanning beam in the plane of measurement of horizontal section and mechanical controlled structural elements, including a number of non-stationary optical elements, including a scanning optical element moving around the circumference (multifaceted mirror), for control of the direction of light in combination with the precise optics of the measuring system, which limits the time of measurements and sn zhaet system reliability. The presence of moving and rotating load-bearing structures for lenses and mirrors of a rather complex optomechanical system requires accurate dynamic balancing and synchronization of the operation of its elements and at the same time not only reduces the reliability of the device, but also significantly complicates it. The applied principle of beam scanning provides for a high speed of rotation of the mirror, which, with strict requirements on the accuracy of manufacturing mechanical components, increases the cost of the system and reduces the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of its use for small batches of measurements, which is typical for current anthropometric measurements.

 It is characteristic that with this implementation of the method for measuring the complete topography of the surface of an object as the multifaceted mirror rotates along the circular guide of the annular module around the object during its transverse angular scanning, the plane of the trajectory continuously moves uniformly vertically. Thus, a mirror describes in space a helix with a radius R and a certain vertical step ε, respectively, a ray making a helical motion tangentially to the surface of a straight line on each side with a beginning at points of a cylindrical helical line and directed inward to the object perpendicular to the vertical axis. This characterizes the transverse measurement of the surface helical contour for each complete revolution of a polyhedral mirror around an object, corresponding to the measurement of one section. A flat reconstruction of the surface section with this implementation of the method for producing topography will correspond to some small surface layer and will be an outline of its horizontal projection on the plane of the initial elementary level of this layer, including the first tangent obtained in the section. A sketch of the projection of this layer with a screw contour on the surface, measured in the layer during the measurement of this section, will be represented by a broken contour in the reconstruction plane. The accuracy of approximation of the measured contour by its projection (reconstruction) according to the parameters of the helix is determined by the increment of the corresponding lengths of the contours under consideration and depends on the time of angular scanning by the beam in the measurement plane. Upon reaching a high measurement speed in horizontal directions, the outline of the horizontal projection of a certain layer h of a given surface will exactly correspond to the true contour of the horizontal section of the surface at the initial elementary level of this layer. In this implementation of the method, the angular scanning time is determined by the mechanical connection parameters of the scanning control structural elements in the ring module of the angular scanning unit. The speed of the angular rotation of scanning optical elements, namely a multifaceted mirror and a pair of rotary mirrors mounted on a radial bracket of an optical system for controlling the beam direction, is also limited by the finite mass of mirrors and structural elements for their placement and stringent requirements for coordinating their interaction during measurement and uniformity of rotation. Thus, the accuracy of measuring the contours of sections in the system is limited by a number of the listed parameters, and the data collected in the system for each section require bringing the results to standard horizons when determining the contour of a horizontal section, i.e. horizontal planes with levels fixed during the measurement, which also creates additional measurement errors, since it determines the contour of the horizontal section of the surface approximated by the nearest tangents obtained at different points in time and corresponding to different levels of measurement vertically. The need for accurate fulfillment of the above requirements for coordination of work, as well as for exact compliance of the form of optical mirrors with the established parameters of the device reduces the reliability of the system in operation and complicates the device. The use of high-cost laser light sources and the danger of their influence on humans is also a significant drawback of this system when measuring the surfaces of living objects.

 In accordance with the text of the description of the prototype, the high accuracy of measuring the cross sections according to the parameters of the helix bypass source around the object, i.e. the helical trajectory of the optical component for controlling the light beam can also be achieved by stepwise sequential vertical measurement of the cross sections. However, the measurement of topography in this way is accompanied by a time loss of measurement of the entire surface and requires accurate positioning of the ring module with stepwise control of its vertical movement, which can reduce the reliability of measurements and complicates the device. Therefore, it is more preferable, time-efficient, to control the measurement of surface topography with a continuously sliding vertical method for layer-by-layer measurement of cross-sections of the surface of an object, although it requires precise coordination of the operation of the drive for the vertical movement of the ring module and the rotational movement of the optical components of the light beam control.

 In addition, the use of a light beam with very sharp directivity during measurements according to this method, i.e. the small divergence of light rays in the beam, in order to determine the optical and corresponding geometric boundaries of the shadow of the surface of a human figure from many angles, requires the transformation of a narrow beam into a rotary scanning beam that makes complex movement in space, and bypassing this beam around an object while simultaneously scanning the space into the plane of the circle surrounding the object. The method of optical measurement of the topography of the surface of an object is characterized in that each pair of lines tangent to the opposite sides of the object defined in a given scanning direction is obtained from a circular arc element, which a rotating mirror manages to pass for each change of the light scanning beam between its successive states of blocking and unlocking by the object .

 In this case, the determination of the characteristic tangent positions of the light beam from the opposite sides of the object’s surface, on which the contour of the measured section is restored, is carried out from the elements of the circular arc, which physically limits the number of angles for measuring the diameter of the section corresponding to the number of arc elements obtained and determined by the layout of the device. Moreover, from each position of the ray on the circle, the border of the shadow can be determined only on one side of the surface and only one tangent can be obtained. This halves the information content of measurements, quantitatively expressed by the number of linear elements that make up the approximate broken line for reconstructing the measured surface section, which characterizes the insufficiently efficient use of the frame space — the reconstruction field limited by a circle, which reduces the reading accuracy. It also reduces the accuracy of the approximation of the measured surface contour by its flat reconstruction with respect to the length parameter of the broken curve links.

 The distribution of the positions of the tangent rays on the circle within each arc element, which determines the angle of angular scanning and measurement of the diameter of the cross section, is variable (random) for each cross section and is determined by preliminary analysis of the electrical signals of the optical sensor and the sensor of the position of the measurement plane. For the same reasons, the data obtained for both sides of the surface cannot be used together to obtain reconstruction, including in real-time measurement. In general, this complicates the data processing and calculation of the reconstruction of the section contour, increasing the duration of the measurement process.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the manufacturability of automated measurement of the surface of a human figure while improving accuracy by reducing measurement time by reducing analysis and data processing time, increasing the information content and reliability of measurements by simultaneously measuring the opposite sides of an object’s surface contour in sections.

 This problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for non-contact measurement of topography of the surface of an object containing a ring module of a transverse multi-angle continuous angular scan of its internal space by a light beam in the horizontal plane, including an annular base, an optical component for controlling the light beam and changing the scanning angle along its inner surface with an optically coupled emitter and an optical receiver, and an object start measuring sensor and with the possibility of registering the vertical position of the ring module relative to the object, made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of a drive along the central vertical axial line of the measurement object passing through the center of the annular base, electrically connected to the control and recording personal electronic computer, including a digital information processing system , the ring module, in addition, includes stationary optical components for controlling the light beam, the image comprising a group of emitter, consisting of wide-angle sources of light radiation irradiating the inner space of the ring module with a wavelength outside the visible range of light, made with the possibility of their sequential connection to a power source, and a group of optical receiver, consisting of wide-angle photodetectors, matched by the frequency of radiation sources , with direct optical connection between them, rigidly mounted on an annular base from the side of its internal part and placed on one you the relative level of the annular base in the horizontal plane along the arc of a circle of its inner surface with equal small angular pitch Δφ and Δφ / 2 of the distance of the optical components from each other, respectively, in the emitter group and the optical receiver group, and with a given angular displacement step Δφ / 4 of the optical components of one from groups relative to another so that the components of the emitter group internally divide the arc segment between each adjacent pair of photodetectors and are arranged so that each source of the group emits in the direction of its radiation, the center of the ring base is associated with the group of photodetectors of the optical receiver, accommodated by the arc of the circumference of the ring base determined by the viewing angle of the source, on the side opposite to the source, while the group of emitters and the group of optical receivers are in parallel electrically connected to key electronic devices of the electronic unit radiation control and registration of the shadow boundaries of the object, respectively, the optical components of the emitter group - with a switch sources, and the optical components of the optical receiver group with a photodetector switch, electrically connected to a threshold device - a comparator, and key electronic devices for electronic control of radiation and registration of the shadow boundaries of the object, which are in parallel electrically connected to the control and recording personal electronic computer, and communication with a personal electronic computer of the source switch and photodetector switch is carried out Res respective registers the source address and photodetectors, and personal electronic computer electrically connected in parallel with the control panel electrically connected to the motor, and the contact sensor measurement start section of the object of the electric device control unit.

 Moreover, the device further comprises a carriage rigidly connected with the ring module and the electronic radiation control unit and registering the shadow boundaries of the object with an electromechanical drive for moving it along the cylindrical vertical rack guide, consisting of a mechanism for the vertical movement of the carriage inside the vertical cylindrical rack guide along the lead screw, driven in motion by a mechanical gear transmission associated with an electric motor, while an electric unit is mounted on the housing to control the device, comprising an electric control panel and a contact sensor for measuring the cross-section of an object, interacting by means of its contact pair with a mechanical gear transmission of an electromechanical drive and electrically connected to a level counter of the position of the carriage with a ring module on the vertical, implemented in the registration unit on a personal electronic computer machine, including the computing and control units of a digital information processing system.

 This problem is also solved due to the fact that in the method of non-contact measurement of the topography of the surface of the object, which consists in sequentially slidingly measuring the contours of the cross sections of its surface along the longitudinal vertical axis of the object by continuously irradiating the measurement region occupied by the object moving in the horizontal plane of the light beam , from the point of position of the source moving along the circle surrounding the object, with a continuous change in the vertical position of this plane, pr in the moving point of the receiver’s position of the same circle, the rays incident on the areas of the opposite circular arc that are not obscured by the object determine the boundaries of the beginning and end of the object’s shadow by successive changes in the state of shadowing and shading of the light beam by the object by extracting a zero signal from the converted electrical signal of the receiver, to the boundaries of the shadow, the position of the beam tangent to the surface of the object from the corresponding point of the source position in the plane of the circle with the corresponding after the current vertical position, determine after the complete revolution of the irradiation point around the measured object in a predetermined direction in a predetermined direction sequentially in the plane of the horizontal plane of the beginning of the measurement of the coordinate section of the nodal intersection points of the tangents corresponding to the right and left borders of the object’s shadow, determine the measured object cross-section contour by smoothing interpolation the geometric location of the points of intersection of the tangents to the object obtained for the height interval for the time n a complete rotation of the point of irradiation, repeat the specified sequence of actions at successive horizontal levels of measurement of the cross sections of the object when the relative position in the longitudinal vertical direction of the radiation source on the circumference and the object changes, and calculate the complete topography of the surface of the object by geometric reconstruction of the surface according to a sequence of continuously measured next after each other, cross-sections of the surface of the object, along its longitudinal vertical axis, for each of the fixed point of the position of the radiation source on the circle, simultaneously determine in the same horizontal plane the position of two tangent rays to the left and right of the object’s surface, covering the contour of the object’s cross-section from two opposite sides of the surface, by sequentially irradiating the object’s measurement region with a group of sources discretely placed at given circle points emitting diverging fan beams of rays with an angular width exceeding the angular transverse dimensions of the object, taking the shaded and non-shaded object rays are collected by a group of receivers located at predetermined points of the same circle corresponding to the opposite source of the circular arc behind the object, the coordinates of the ends of the object’s shadow arc on the circle are determined by measuring the converted signals of the receivers, and groups with a zero signal are extracted from them, position both tangent rays to the surface of the object at the given coordinates of the position of the source and receivers on the circle corresponding to the ends of the arc of the shadow of the object for the selected groups, and repeat the indicated sequence of actions for each point of the source position, and after irradiating the object with the last of the group of sources, for each pair of neighboring points of the source position on the circle in its plane, the coordinates of the nodal intersection points of the tangents collected for all points of the successive positions of the sources on the circle are determined whose geometrical location determines the contour of the horizontal section of the surface of the object and, sequentially repeating the measurements of the contour The horizontal surface cross-sections at the horizontal levels of measurements following each other with a given step recorded by the sensitive sensor calculate the surface topography of the object by geometric reconstruction of the surface along the longitudinal vertical axis of the object using the sequence of discrete horizontal cross-sections measured on the surface of the object forming its discrete linear frame.

 Moreover, the geometrical location of the intersection points tangent to the object, collected for all points of consecutive positions of the sources of radiation of the object on the circle, is determined simultaneously from the right and left ends of the arc of the object’s shadow in real-time mode by measuring each horizontal section of the object’s surface by successively intersecting the tangents with the nearest angular position in a circle, calculated from the coordinates of the corresponding points of the position of the sources and receivers on the circle, when going around Project in a given direction.

Moreover, the shape of the measured contour of the geometric section of the object is determined taking into account the height of each contour of the horizontal section above the plane of the zero reference level of measurements of cross-sections, so that at the beginning of the measurement of the first section of the topography of the surface of the object, the distance from the reference plane of the zero reference level to the level of the beginning of measurement of cross sections is additionally measured - the first horizontal level measuring the topography of the surface of the object and determine the absolute values of the height of the points of the measured contours of the section th surface according to the formula:
H _Sv = h ₀ + v • h,
where S is the number of the ray containing the point (S = 1, N);
M is the number of rays corresponding to the number of receivers on the circle;
v is the number of the measured horizontal section of the surface, (v = 1, K);
K is the number of measured horizontal surface sections;
h ₀ - the height of the first horizontal level measurement of the topography of the surface of the object above the plane of the zero level of reference measurements of sections;
h is the vertical displacement of the plane of the level measurement of the cross section.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that the light sources are made in the form of LEDs, photodetectors - in the form of photodiodes.

 The essence of the device for implementing the method of non-contact measurement of the topography of the surface of an object, mainly a human figure, is illustrated in FIG. 1-4.

 Figure 1 and 2 schematically shows a device that implements the method, in two projections. Figure 2 also discloses a diagram of a ring module of transverse multi-angle irradiation by a beam of light rays of an object surface in a plane that implements the method, and illustrates the characteristic positions of the beam in the irradiation plane for one measurement angle.

 Figure 3 additionally shows the device, a General view in a perspective view.

 Figure 4 shows the control block diagram of the device.

 The essence of the method is illustrated in FIG. 5-9.

 Figure 5 shows a diagram of the geometry of data collection.

Fig.6-8 presents a diagram of the calculation of the coordinates of the surface:
FIG. 6 is presented to clarify the determination of the position of the optical components of the ring module of the transverse multi-angle irradiation of its internal space with a beam of light rays in the Ohu coordinate system of the device (coordinate representation of the elements);
7 illustrates a method for determining the nodal points of the section and the beginning of the reconstruction of sections according to projection data.

 FIG. 8 illustrates a geometric representation of a horizontal section of a human figure (complete reconstruction of a section) in accordance with the matrix of results of measuring a section of a human figure in a level plane N.

 Experimental evidence of goal achievement is presented in Fig.9, 10.

 The device (Fig. 1) consists of a base in the form of a housing 1, on the upper platform of which a cylindrical guide post 2 is fixed from the outside, the camera of which has a narrow bounding longitudinal groove 3 for vertical movement inside the rack 2 of the carrier carriage 4 together with the ring module 5 transverse multi-angle irradiation of its internal space with a beam of light rays D (Fig. 2) in the horizontal plane of level N. The carriage 4 is driven up or down along the guide rack 2, respectively in the direction of the arrow A or A 'by means of an electromechanical drive, which consists of a mechanism for vertical movement of the carriage 4 mounted on the housing 1 inside a vertical cylindrical guide rack 2 along its spindle 6, driven into rotational motion by an external mechanical gear 7 and connected to it in the internal space of the housing 1 from the side of its lower part, and the electric motor 8 associated with this transmission 7. Moreover, the surface of the outer upper platform of the housing 1 serves as a A zero-level measurement of the absolute values of the height readings H of the positions of the ring module 5 of the transverse multi-angle irradiation of its internal space with a beam of light rays D in the horizontal plane vertically defining successive levels of the horizontal lines of the surface topography of the object on the vertical OO 'in the coordinate system of the device. On the housing 1, in addition, an electric device control unit is installed, comprising an electric control panel 9 with a power supply unit, equipped with keys 10, 11 and 12 for turning on, measuring and reversing, respectively, and a sensitive contact sensor for measuring the cross section of the object — a microswitch 13, which is turned on by a pin 14 of its contact pair mounted radially on the outer diameter from the lower side on the driven gear 15 of the mechanical transmission 7, mounted on the spindle 6 and connected to the electric motor 8 through the leads boiling gear 16. With each rotation of the lead screw 6 contacts pin 14 closes the microswitch 13, which forms an electric control start pulse L (4) to start measuring object section at each horizon H.

The carriage 4, in addition, is structurally rigidly connected with the ring module 5 of the transverse multi-angle irradiation with a beam of light rays oriented in the horizontal direction and containing the ring base 17 and stationary independent optical components 18, 19 for controlling the light beam rigidly mounted on the ring base 17 from its side the inner part and respectively forming an emitter group, consisting of wide-angle sources of light radiation irradiating the inner space of the annular module 18, type of LEDs with a wavelength outside the visible range of light, made with the possibility of their sequential connection to a power source, and a group of optical receiver, consisting of wide-angle photodetectors 19, type of photodiodes, matched by the frequency of radiation of sources 18, with direct optical connection between them, and placed at the same height level of the annular base 17 in the horizontal plane along the arc of a circle of its inner surface with equal angular pitch Δφ and Δφ / 2 (Fig.6) distance of the optical components s from each other, respectively, in the group of the emitter and the optical receiver and with a given angular displacement step Δφ / 4 of the optical components of one of the groups relative to the other so that the components of the emitter group internally divide the arc segment between each adjacent pair of photodetectors 19 and are assembled when measured so that each source 18-I _i (Fig. 2) of the emitter group in the direction of its radiation at the center O of the annular base 17 is associated with a group of photodetectors 19 of the optical receiver, accommodated by an arc ∪ = Ф _u Ф _{u + α of the} circumference of the annular base, determined by the angle α of the view of the source 18, on the opposite side of the circle from the source. The emitter and the optical receiver can consist, for example, of wide-angle light sources in the infrared, such as LEDs, and with a radiation sector of at least α = 60 ^° at a level of 0.5, and wide-angle photodetectors, such as photodiodes, matched by the frequency of the light emitting diode sensitive in the infrared. The carriage 4 makes it possible to move the annular module 5 of the transverse multi-angle irradiation with a beam of light rays along the central vertical axial line of the measurement object passing through the center O of its annular base.

In addition, on the carriage 4 there is a block for electronic control of radiation and registration of the boundaries of the shadow of the object 20, switching signals for switching on the corresponding radiation sources 18 and photodetectors 19 from the control and recording personal electronic computer (PC) 21, as well as a recording and transmitting state signal radiation from the interrogated photodetectors 19 (there is light - there is no light) to the memory registers of the personal computer 21. Unit 20 of the electronic control of radiation and registration of the boundaries of the shadow of the object performs the function of non-instantaneous control of switching sources 18, registration of radiation by photodetectors 19 and analog-to-digital conversion of electrical signals L _{2 of} photodetectors and data collection in a system with a control and recording PC 21 (Fig. 4). A carriage 4 with a ring module 5 for transverse multi-angle irradiation with a beam of light rays through a longitudinal groove 3 of a cylindrical column 2 is rigidly connected to an external ring of the ring module 17 and located on the opposite side of the ring from the electronic control and registration unit 20, and connected inside the cylinder of the guide column 2 with the possibility of vertical movement with a lead screw 6 and a cylindrical guide rack 2.

 The radiation sources 18 and the photodetectors 19 are electrically connected in parallel (Figs. 1, 4) respectively with the switches of the radiation sources 22 and the switches of the photodetectors 23 connected respectively to the address registers of the sources of radiation 24 and the photodetectors 25. The outputs of the switch of the photodetectors 23 are connected to a threshold device - comparator 26 and the inputs of the address registers of the radiation sources 24 and photodetectors 25 and the output of the comparator 26 are connected to the control and recording PC 21.

 The input of the control and recording PC 21 is in parallel electrically connected to the electric control panel 9 of the device with a power supply and a contact sensor for measuring the cross section — micro switch 13, and, in addition, with a keyboard 27 for controlling the PC 21 by the operator. The output of the PC, in addition, is connected to a device for outputting the results of surface measurements on the monitor 28. The electrical control panel 9 of the device is electrically connected to the electric motor 8.

In the process of measuring the cross sections of the surface of the object 29, each optical component of the emitter system And _i (i = (0, М-1) (Fig. 2) and the corresponding group of the recording state of the light beam D components Ф _j (j = (0, N-1 ), (Fig. 5) an optical receiver located in space on opposite sides of an object, occupying a series of fixed positions in a circle surrounding the object, defining the angles And _i O of measuring the through diameters DIM of sections 29 of the surface of the object, and forming a plane parallel to the body platform 1 fan beam Dj from the radiation source to the recording group of optical components accommodated by the interrogation arc of photodetectors ∪ = Ф $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{i}}{\text{0}}$ F $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{i}}{\text{N / 2 + 2}}$ slightly exceeding the arc ∪ = Ф _u Ф _{u + α} radiation, the degree measure of which, i.e. the viewing angle α of the source 18 exceeds the transverse angular size γ (through diameter - DIM) of the object in section 29 from the point position of the radiation And _i (figure 2).

 The device interacts with the computer through the standard hardware interface of the PC 21 - LPT port, which are part of the device (not shown in the diagram). Communication device with a computer made in a known manner. The recording and computational functions of the device for obtaining and primary processing of information (measurement results) are implemented in a PC system using the PC control program 21 in the control unit 30 for digital registration of the digital data processing system, respectively, on the PC 21. Determining the boundaries of the object shadow, geometric reconstruction of sections 29 and the full topography of the surface of the measured object 29 and the issuance of numerical and graphic information about the object is implemented in the computing unit 31 of the digital information processing on the PC 21. The computing unit of the digital processing and information output system 31 (Fig. 4) The PC performs the functions of data visualization, i.e., designing and generating images on display devices, mainly on the display screen 28, based on the source digital data and rules and algorithms for their conversion, and also provides the output of visual graphic and numerical information on a machine-readable medium 32 or in the environment of a three-dimensional system of computer-aided design of clothes 3D CAD.

 The device operates as follows.

 The person whose figure 29 is to be measured is installed in the main anthropometric rack, in a vertical vertical position inside the ring base 17 of the ring module 17 of the transverse multi-angle irradiation beam of light D, bounding the measurement region, in the horizontal plane of level H, mainly in its center along the central vertical axial line . The main measurements are performed in the plane of the annular base 17 in a horizontal direction transverse to the measured object, perpendicular to the central vertical axis of the device OO ', oriented along the object during measurements. The measurement area is defined by a circle of radius R of the annular base 17 (figure 2).

By pressing on the remote control 9 (Fig. 4) the keys 10, the power U _{p of the} electronic devices of the radiation control unit 20 and the object’s shadow border registers is turned on. From the keyboard 27 of the personal computer 21, the program for controlling the device of the digital recording control unit 30 is launched and the personal computer 21 enters the standby mode of the control electric pulse L to start the measurement of the cross section from the micro switch 13.

By pressing the start key 11, the electric motor 8 is turned on, which drives the spindle 6 through the pinion gear 16. When the driven gear 15 rotates, pin 14 closes the micro switch 13, forming a control electric pulse L to start the measurement of the first horizontal section, which starts the PC program 21 control measurements of the figure of a person 29 of the control unit 30 of digital registration, registering the pulse L and generating its first report v. In accordance with the control program of the digital recording control unit 30 at the initial stage, the L1 signal of the PC 21 from the LPT port of the computer in the address register of the radiation sources 24 is written the number of the first one installed on the ring base 17 (in the sequence of optical components of the ring module 5 in the direction of VI ₀ (figure 2)) of the LED 18, the register of the address of the radiation sources 24 through the corresponding switch 22 connects the LED 18 to the supply voltage Uп. Following the installation of the source address AND _{0, the} personal computer 21 in the same way sets the address register of the photodetectors 25 to the first number of the photodetector 19 corresponding to the source Io of the group of photodetectors of the scanning arc (in the sequence of optical components of the ring module 5 in the direction С-Ф _o ⁱ (Fig. 2)) , that is, corresponding to the first position of the photodetector on the opposite to the source arc of the semicircle of the annular base 17 bypassing along arrow C and calculated by the formula, according to the method for placing optical components nentov (Fig.6), which connects the installed photodetector Ф _o ⁱ to the threshold device - comparator 26 through the switch of receivers 23. The threshold of operation of the comparator is set in excess of the background level of infrared radiation of the room in which measurements are made, in the absence of LED radiation. When the photodetector receives the radiation of the LED at the output of the comparator 26, a potential of + 5V is formed equal to the logical unit of the PC 21, in the absence of a signal, a logical zero is generated at the output of the comparator 26. The optical radiation parameter of the source 18 (absorption coefficient), which is a function of the position of the beam D in the horizontal plane of the ring module 17, is converted into the amplitude of the electrical signal of the photodetector 19, recorded at the output of the photodetector. With a time interval of the speed of the photodetector 19 equal to 3 • 10 ^-9 s, the PC 21 sets, in turn, in the register of the address of the receivers 25 the numbers of the interrogated photodetectors corresponding to the arc for this LED and enters information about their status into the memory register of the PC 21. This information is generated as the first rows of the matrix of measurement results of each horizontal section, at the beginning of which the number of the first source i, the number of the first Ф _o ⁱ and the state of all other interrogated for this source of photodetectors in the cell are fixed Names ij matrix. Thus, the current number And _{i of the} connected LED 18 and the number Ф _{j of the} interrogated photodetector 19 is registered in the control unit 30 for digital registration on the PC 21, where the drains of the matrix of the results of measuring the cross section are formed, with the number i (i = l, M) of the LED And _i , the cells of which in columns j (j = l, N) are formed according to a predetermined reference index of the IO: j _i = (0, (N / 2 + 2) _i (Fig. 5) of the survey of photodetectors 19 and contain the results of the survey (converted electrical signals) corresponding to a given source And _i and line number i do ∪ = (0, N / 2 + 2) _i photodetectors 19. In addition, at the beginning of each line is fixed report index v of the horizontal measurement level.

Having interviewed the entire group of photodetectors installed on the ring base 17, the PC 21 again sets the signal number 24 to the number _{1 of the} next order in the ring base 17 of the LED 18 in the direction of arrow B by the signal L1 in the ring base 17, connecting it through the switch 22 to the power source. Next, the status of all photodetectors for the connected second LED is interrogated, and their status is recorded in the PC memory register 21, forming information in the form of the second row of the matrix of cross section measurement results. The process continues until the last LED 18, installed in the annular base, is turned on and information is received from all photodetectors for this LED. After that, the control PC 21 enters the standby mode of the next start pulse L from the device corresponding to the beginning of the section measurement on the next horizon with the index v = 2. The position of the next horizon corresponds to the displacement of the annular module 5 along the vertical guide rail of the rack 2, equal to the pitch of the lead screw h.

The total recording time of one section in the horizontal plane does not exceed 0.3 s, equal to the time of one full turn of the screw 6, and is determined by the electronic switching time of the optical components, 3 · 10 ^-9 s.

 With the beginning of the second turn of the traction screw 6, corresponding to the next level horizontal position of the carriage with the ring module 5, in the electronic control unit of the device, the micro switch 13 generates a new start pulse L supplied to the PC 21, and the measurement process is repeated for a given horizontal level of the ring module 5. The counting of the electrical pulses L of the micro switch 13, which record the horizontal levels v of section measurements following one after another during the measurement process with a given equal step, is carried out I'm on a PC 21.

 Ultimately, the measurement process is completed by the operator turning off the key 11 or the command to stop the execution of the program for measuring a person’s figure from the PC keyboard 27. If necessary, measure the figure of a person in the opposite direction (for example, arrows A '), the operator turns on the reverse key 12, then the start key 10. The measurement process is repeated in the opposite direction vertically and ends by turning off the key 11 or the command of the control program on the PC from the keyboard 27.

 The image of the surface sections of the object by level planes is obtained in real time on the display device - monitor 28.

 As a result, an array of cross-section measurement results (data file) is formed in the digital recording control unit 30, which includes a description of the shape of the measured figure in the form of projection data in many directions along the light propagation lines (light rays) to photodetectors, formed from the matrix of cross-section measurement results with a fixed reference v of the vertical level of the measurement plane and the size [M, N], the elements of which take one of two values of the radiation state: 1 - there is light, 0 - light is blocked by the object. Using the values of the matrix, the rays tangent to the surface are calculated and sections of the surface of the object are restored, which together form a discrete linear skeleton of the surface — its topography. After recording the array of projection data, the measurement is completed, and the result is determined by calculation.

 So, non-contact measurement of the surface topography of an object is carried out in the following way. After the optical components for controlling the light beam of the emitter and the optical receiver are placed in one horizontal plane around a circle of radius R in accordance with FIG. 6, i.e. we limited the measurement region, and placed inside this region in its central part an object whose surface is to be measured in a longitudinal vertical position relative to the measurement plane, the topography of its surface is measured based on a sequential sliding measurement along the longitudinal vertical axis of the object of the contours of discrete transverse horizontal sections of it surface in a negligible interval of the vertical layer of the surface with a continuous shift of the horizontal plane of approx uzhnosti along the central vertical longitudinal center line of the object, which is performed in sequence geometrical reconstruction of the object surface, forming discrete linear frame - the topography of the object surface.

According to this method, the surface is irradiated sequentially from a point position on a circle with wide-angle sources, the viewing angle of which exceeds the angular transverse dimensions of the object, along the number M • N / 2 directions lying in the plane of the circle, where M is the number of sources in the circle (respectively, the number of positions of the optical point object exposure) or radiation angles Oi, N is the number of photodetectors (the number of positions of the source radiation receiving point on the radiation arc) of the interrogation arc for one angle (Fig. 5). The radiation of the light source is oriented relative to the direction of the center O of the circle. The orientation of the light source radiation is carried out according to the angular position of the radius vector of the radiation point on the circle relative to the reference axis Oy (Fig.5, 6). Moreover, from each fixed point of the source’s position in the plane of the secant, the surface of the object of the circle is irradiated simultaneously along N / 2 directions with a fan beam of diverging rays D, which project in the plane of the circle onto the arc opposite the source, where the shaded and unshaded objects are received and the ray traces are recorded in points of the position of the photodetectors by sequentially polling their state in the direction of arrow C (Figs. 5, 6). By measuring the amplitude of the electrical signal of the photodetectors of the polling arc, a group with a zero signal corresponding to the arc of the object’s shadow on the circle is isolated from the converted electrical signals of the receivers. Geometrically connecting in a circle plane straight points i of the position of the radiation source and points j _i and j _i 'of the position of the receivers corresponding to the ends of the object’s shadow arc ∪ = (j _i j _i ') for the selected group of receivers with a zero signal, rays are tangent to the surface of the object in section 29 (Fig.7). Based on the given coordinates of the positions of the sources and receivers on the circle, the coordinates of the ends of the shadow arc are determined and the positions of the tangents in the circle are calculated.

 Sequentially shifting the surface irradiation point in the direction of arrow B, for example, from position i to position i + 1 (Fig. 7), and repeatedly repeating the indicated sequence of actions for each fixed point of the position of the radiation source on the circle, the position of two tangent rays to the left and right to the surface of the object, covering the contour of the cross section of the object from two opposite sides of the surface.

 The collected data forms a matrix of the projection data of the section line by line for each horizontal level v in the order of the vertical displacement of the measurement plane in a given direction. From the projection matrices along successive horizontal levels of the plane, a continuous array of projection data for measuring the surface of the object is successively formed. The ordinal number of the horizon determines the number of the projection matrix in a continuous array of projection measurement data for all horizons. Each direction of propagation of the source radiation in space along diverging lines to the photodetectors corresponds to a certain, depending on the illumination of the photodetector, voltage value at the output of the photodetector, which in real time is converted to digital. The optical radiation parameter recorded by each group of photodetectors is a function of the position in the ring module of each beam of a fan beam of radiation. Thus, the set of spatial reports of the values of the optical radiation parameter as a result of analogue digital conversion will be represented by an array of numbers in binary code. That allows you to escape from the time of real scanning and perform further necessary transformations as operations on the numbers of this array.

According to the projection data obtained from the converted signals of the photodetectors along a system of diverging rays from various positions in the circle, the shadow contour of the section δG (Fig. 8) is determined, made up of a sequence of linear elements of small length of tangent rays in the vicinity of the points Si (Fig. 8) that they touch the measured contour sections δS, interconnected by nodal (reference) points Ps _{i of} intersection of tangents. Thus, as a result of sequential determination of the coordinates of the nodal points Ps _{i of} their intersection for each pair of neighboring points of the position of the sources on the circle in its plane, in real-time measurement of each horizontal section of the surface of the object or simultaneously on the right and left ends of the arc of the object’s shadow by successively intersecting the tangents with the closest angular position in a circle in the coordinate system of the Ohu measurements calculated by the parameter k = tgθ is the angular coefficient of the tangent and c is the ordinate of hibernation tangential intersection with the axis Oy, going around the object in a predetermined direction of arrow B (Figure 8). The geometric pattern shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to the matrix of results obtained for the section of a human figure by the plane H, where the intersecting lines correspond to the tangents to the contour of the section being measured and are determined by the borders of the shadow for each angle of view of the beam. In this case, a binary vector image of the contour of the horizontal section is obtained. With such a “digital” representation of the cross section contour, a “discrete” geometric picture of the cross section can be compiled, replacing the real smooth continuous contour of the cross section δS of the surface with a multitude of tangent segments obtained from different angles to this surface and forming a broken line δG (Fig. 9). Thus, the measured section contour can be approximated by a sequence of nodal section points and reconstructed by linear and piecewise-arc approximations of the sequence of reference section points, and the missing characteristic section points are determined by cubic spline interpolation of the values of their positions from the known discrete values of the polygonal function δG in the system Pi obtained nodal points.

на противоположной источнику стороне окружности, данные опроса которых (Δ, λ)_i и

соответственно построчно фиксированы в матрице результатов измерения контура одного сечения, где согласно схеме координатного представления оптических компонентов (фиг.6) Δ = i•Δφ, λ = j_i•Δφ/2 и

(i= (0, М-1), j= (0,N-1)). Данные опроса включают группу фотоприемников 19 с нулевым сигналом, вмещаемую дугой тени объекта в плоскости окружности

и

соответственно, на концах которой в соответствующие точки положения фотоприемников из точки положения источника той же окружности проецируются касательные к поверхности объекта лучи d_i и D'_i, охватывающие ее контур δS в сечении S с двух противолежащих сторон объекта (справа и слева). Точки пересечения касательных Р_s и P_S′ являются узловыми (опорными) точками сечения. Данная схема сбора данных позволяет, не снижая скорости обмера, вычислять касательные к контуру сечения измеряемой поверхности по полученным границам тени сечения одновременно с обеих сторон объекта из одной позиции облучения и, тем самым, единовременно определять одномерную проекцию плоского поперечного сечения тела человека.Figure 5 presents a diagram illustrating the geometry of the data collection for a fan beam of diverging rays D of the source in the horizontal plane with a sequential shift in the given direction of the arrow B along the circle of radius R of the point i of the wide-angle irradiation of the measurement area occupied by the object 29, fixed at the given points 18, according to which, when measuring the contour of section 29 of the surface of an object, each fixed position i or i * of the irradiation point on the circle corresponds to a photo survey group receivers 19 located at points of the same circle and placed respectively by an arc ∪ = (0, N / 2 + 2) _i and

on the side of the circle opposite the source whose polling data (Δ, λ) _i and

respectively, row by row are fixed in the matrix of the measurement results of the contour of one section, where according to the coordinate representation of the optical components (Fig.6) Δ = i • Δφ, λ = j _i • Δφ / 2 and

(i = (0, M-1), j = (0, N-1)). The survey data includes a group of photodetectors 19 with a zero signal, accommodated by the arc of the shadow of the object in the plane of the circle

and

respectively, at the ends of which the rays d _i and D ' _{i are} tangent to the object surface and projected along its contour δS in section S from two opposite sides of the object (to the right and left) are projected to the corresponding position points of the photodetectors from the source position of the same circle. The intersection points of the tangents P _s and P _{S ′} are nodal (reference) points of the section. This data collection scheme allows, without decreasing the measurement speed, to calculate the tangents to the section contour of the measured surface from the obtained borders of the section shadow simultaneously from both sides of the object from the same irradiation position and, thereby, simultaneously determine the one-dimensional projection of a flat cross section of the human body.

 On Fig shows a cross section S of the measured figure with a horizontal plane H of a circle with a center in t. O and a radius R for sequentially changing the position on the circle of the irradiation point of the object 29.

 An example of calculating the coordinates of surface points in a section is illustrated in Fig.6-7. The calculation of the coordinates of the points of intersection of the tangent rays by the position of the tangents in the circle is illustrated in Fig.7. The calculation of the coordinates of surface points in the section can be performed as follows.

 To calculate the position of the tangents in a circle of radius R and the analytical description of the measured surface, a coordinate system Oxy of a measurement system is defined that has a center at the point of intersection of the diameters of the circle, the axis Oz being vertical and perpendicular to the plane of the zero level of measurements, and the axis Oy passing through a point on the circle corresponding to the position first light source.

где i - индекс источника в измерительной системе,
i={0,M};
М - количество источников в измерительной системе;
j - индекс приемника в измерительной системе,
J={0, N};
N - количество приемников на окружности;
R - радиус окружности измерительной системы;
Δφ - угловая дискретность положения приемников на окружности;
φ_i = i•Δφ - угловое положение источкника i в окружности;
φ_j/= (2j+1)/4•Δφ - угловое положение фотоприемника j в кольцевом модуле;
X_i, Y_i и X_j, Y_j - декартовы координаты точки положения оптических компонентов, источника и приемника соответственно, измерительной системе Оху соответственно на оси Ох и Оу;
Оху - прямоугольная декартова система координат в окружности измерительной системе.The coordinates of the nodal points of the contours of the sections of the surface of the object are determined from the obtained projection data along the tangents, the position of which in the Ohu ring measuring system is calculated by the following formulas:
X _i = R • sin [i • Δφ], Y _i = R • cos [i • Δφ], (3)

where i is the source index in the measuring system,
i = {0, M};
M is the number of sources in the measuring system;
j is the receiver index in the measuring system,
J = {0, N};
N is the number of receivers on the circle;
R is the radius of the circumference of the measuring system;
Δφ is the angular discreteness of the position of the receivers on the circle;
φ _i = i • Δφ is the angular position of source i in a circle;
φ _{j /} = (2j + 1) / 4 • Δφ is the angular position of the photodetector j in the ring module;
X _i , Y _i and X _j , Y _j are the Cartesian coordinates of the position points of the optical components, the source and the receiver, respectively, to the Ohu measuring system, respectively, on the Ox and Oy axes;
Ohu is a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system in a circle measuring system.

 Formulas (3) and (4) are intended for calculating the coordinates of the points of the position of the optical components of a circle in its Ohu plane. A diagram of the coordinate representation of the components is shown in Fig. (Fig.6).

где (x_i, у_i) и (x_i+1, у_i+1) - координаты точки положения источников на окружности для первой и второй касательных соответственно;
(x_ji, у_ji) и (x_j(i+i), у_j(i+i)) - координаты точки положения приемников на окружности для первой и второй касательных соответственно;
(x, у) - координаты точки пересечения касательных (узловой точки Ps).

where (x _i , y _i ) and (x _{i + 1} , y _{i + 1} ) are the coordinates of the point of position of the sources on the circle for the first and second tangents, respectively;
(x _ji , for _ji ) and (x _{j (i + i)} , for _{j (i + i)} ) are the coordinates of the position points of the receivers on the circle for the first and second tangents, respectively;
(x, y) - coordinates of the intersection point of the tangents (nodal point Ps).

где x_i-1=a, (x_i,y_i)=(a,b,), y_i=b,
xj_(i-1)=c, (xj_i,yj_i)=(c,d), y_ji=d,
x_i+1=k, (x_(i+1),y_(i+1))=(k,1), y_i+1=1, (7)
xj_(i+1)=m, (xj_(i+1), yj_(i+1))=(m,n), yj_(i+1)=n
При этом близлежащие узловые точки сечения формируют пары, каждой из которых единственным образом соответствует отрезок касательной к контуру сечения, образованный в результате ее последовательного пересечения двумя соседними касательными с ближайшими значениями углового коэффициента, k=tgθ, и ординаты точки пересечения касательной с осью ординат, b, при обходе вокруг объекта по касательным в заданном направлении. Последовательность таких отрезков, связанных между собой общими узловыми точками P_s, составляет дискретированный контур δG измеренного сечения поверхности тела человека плоскостью уровня (фиг.8), к которому может быть применен метод сглаживания кривой с использованием В-сплайна по набору полученных узловых точек и построен гладкий контур горизонтального сечения поверхности. Иными словами, при необходимости форма кривой гладкого непрерывного контура горизонтального сечения поверхности может быть восстановлена в результате аппроксимации последовательности точек пересечения касательных для полученных первичных проекционных данных на плоскости плоской кривой типа В-сплайна, а именно кривой полинома третьей степени для каждого сегмента контура в интервалах между точками, соответствующих отрезкам касательных между ними, или дугой для отдельных сегментов кривой контура, а характерные точки линий обмера фигуры и ее параметры могут быть получены на ПЭВМ с помощью интерполяции этих данных, что незначительно усложняет измерение, так как система предполагает наличие вычислительного устройства.Equations (5) specify the position of the part of each tangent bounded on both sides in a circle. According to equations (5), the position of the tangents with a given direction in a circle in the Ohu coordinate system of the measuring system is analytically determined by the method of calculating the equations of lines passing through two given points (for example, (x _i , y _i ) and (x _ji , y _ji ) for the first tangent). The solution of the system of these two equations for two tangents determines the coordinates of the intersection point Ps _i (x, y) - the nodal point of the section, which is the vertex of the polygonal contour δG of the measured internal region of the surface G. The resulting contour is formed by outlined tangent surfaces of the surface in section S and is described near a smooth boundary the true contour δS of the cross-sectional area S, approximating it with a given device configuration with accuracy (Figs. 7, 8):

where x _i-1 = a, (x _i, y _i ) = (a, b,), y _i = b,
xj _(i-1) = c, (xj _i , yj _i ) = (c, d), y _ji = d,
x _{i + 1} = k, (x _{(i + 1)} , y _{(i + 1)} ) = (k, 1), y _{i + 1} = 1, (7)
xj _{(i + 1)} = m, (xj _{(i + 1)} , yj _{(i + 1)} ) = (m, n), yj _{(i + 1)} = n
In this case, the adjacent nodal points of the section form pairs, each of which uniquely corresponds to a segment of a tangent to the contour of the section, formed as a result of its successive intersection by two adjacent tangents with the nearest values of the angular coefficient, k = tgθ, and the ordinates of the point of intersection of the tangent with the ordinate axis, b , when walking around an object tangentially in a given direction. The sequence of such segments, interconnected by common nodal points P _s , makes up a discrete contour δG of the measured section of the human body surface with a level plane (Fig. 8), to which the method of smoothing the curve using the B-spline over the set of obtained nodal points can be applied and constructed smooth contour of the horizontal section of the surface. In other words, if necessary, the shape of the curve of a smooth continuous contour of the horizontal section of the surface can be restored by approximating the sequence of points of intersection of the tangents for the obtained primary projection data on the plane of a plane curve of the B-spline type, namely, a curve of the third degree polynomial for each contour segment in the intervals between points corresponding to the segments of the tangents between them, or an arc for individual segments of the contour curve, and the characteristic points of the measurement lines of FIG. Ura and its parameters can be obtained on a PC by interpolating these data, which slightly complicates the measurement, since the system assumes the existence of a computing device.

 Thus, the boundary δG is an approximation of the measured surface contour, and at large distances between the nodal points of the contour of the cross section, the measurement accuracy is small, which is typical for the prototype.

где P_s (i+1) и P_si - пара соседних узловых точек сечения, принадлежащая одной касательной.The coordinates of the surface points in the cross section with fairly high accuracy are calculated as the midpoints of the obtained segments of the tangents according to the following formulas:

where P _{s (i + 1)} and P _si is a pair of neighboring nodal points of the section belonging to one tangent.

 This is possible because with a sufficiently large amount of projection data along the tangent lengths of the segments are extremely small.

A discrete linear surface framework is obtained by sequential repetition of the indicated actions on successive vertical directions with a given equal step horizontal measurement levels fixed on the vertical by samples v of the positions of the circle plane. So, the shape of the measured contour of the horizontal section of the object is determined taking into account the height of each contour of the horizontal section above the plane of the zero reference level of measurements of cross sections by the fact that at the beginning of the measurement of the first section of the topography of the surface of the object, the distance from the reference plane of the zero reference level to the level of the beginning of measurements is additionally measured on a scale sections - the first horizontal level measurement of the topography of the surface of the object and determine the absolute values of the height of the points of the measured contours of the section surface according to the formula:
H _Sv = h ₀ + v • h,
where S is the number of the ray containing the point (S = 1, N);
M is the number of rays corresponding to the number of receivers on the circle;
v is the number of the measured horizontal section of the surface, (v = 1, K);
K is the number of measured horizontal surface sections;
h ₀ - the height of the first horizontal level measurement of the topography of the surface of the object above the plane of the zero level of reference measurements of sections;
h is the vertical displacement of the plane of the level measurement of the cross section.

 According to the sequence of measured sections, a geometric reconstruction of the surface of the object is carried out, forming a discrete linear frame - topography of the surface of the object.

 Experimental evidence of the achievement of the goal by the example of a specific implementation of the method in a non-contact device for measuring the topography of the surface of an object is presented in Figs. 9, 10.

 FIG. 9 clearly illustrates the result of reconstruction of the measured section of the surface of the object from the actual measurement data without preliminary analysis and information processing, i.e. presents the readings of all photodetectors for all measurement angles. Here, the outer contour of the light, unshaded central region of the circle is the geometrical location of the points of intersection of the rays tangent to the surface of the object in its horizontal section, collected for all points of successive positions of the object’s sources of radiation on the circle, obtained simultaneously from the right and left ends of the object’s shadow arc by successively intersecting the tangents with the nearest angular position in a circle calculated from the coordinates of the corresponding points of position of the sources and receiver in on a circle, when walking around an object in a given direction. The presented graphical result shows that by this method of measuring the surface of an object, a ready-made reconstruction of each horizontal section of it can be obtained directly from the primary projection measurement data in real-time measurement mode. This indicates the possibility of technical achievement of the purpose of the invention for this method of non-contact measurement of the topography of the surface of an object, mainly a human figure, when it is implemented by this device.

When measuring the surface of a human figure, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the measurement of the entire surface takes a minimum amount of time, since fatigue of the measured is reflected in his posture and can affect the accuracy of measurements. And also, to ensure the greatest correspondence of the measured contours to the horizontal sections of the surface of the object, the measurement of each contour should be carried out in a negligible interval of the vertical layer h of its surface by almost instantly determining the geometric location of the points by which the measured contour is determined. Figure 10 explains the dependence of the measurement accuracy of one section on the thickness of the vertical layer h of the surface that crosses in the longitudinal direction relative to the object the plane of measurement of the contour of the section and on the time of its measurement when implementing the method of measuring the full topography of the surface of the object with continuous uniform movement of the secant plane of the measurement level along the longitudinal the vertical axis of the object during its transverse irradiation. In the General case, with this implementation of the method of measuring the surface, the sequence of positions of the measuring point of the surface contour on a circle, the plane of which is continuously moving vertically (for example, from top to bottom), changing in space, forms a cylindrical helix in space (Fig. 10 a) with a radius R and with a certain vertical step, h is the helical trajectory of a given point that fixes a straight line tangent to the surface on the circumference of the measurement region (see, for example, USSR copyright certificate 341465, class A 41 H 1/04, 1969; and "Optical method and apparatus for measuring surface topography of an object" US 5,636,030, publ. 3.06.1997, Int. Cl. ⁶ G01B 11/10; G 02 B 26/08). Accordingly, the beam is tangential in helical motion, with the beginning at the points of the cylindrical helical line and directed inward to the object, perpendicular to the vertical axis. The beam during the measurement at the points of contact describes an irregular helical contour on the surface on each side of it. Moreover, for each turn of a cylindrical helix described by the beginning of the beam, the point of its contact with the surface passes discrete curved segments δS of the measured helical contour of the surface, enclosed within its layer of height h. Therefore, a flat reconstruction of the surface cross section for this implementation of the topography method will be a sketch of the horizontal projection of the helical contour δS of the surface, measured in layer h during the measurement of this section, on the plane of the initial elementary level of this layer. Thus, the dependence of the measurement accuracy of one section on the time of its measurement in the layer h of the corresponding level v, illustrated in FIG. 10, is expressed by the accuracy of approximation of the measured contour δS of a small layer h of the object surface by its horizontal projection, namely, the reconstruction by a broken contour δG in the level plane v of the beginning of the section scan. The accuracy of approximation of the measured contour by its projection is determined by the increment of the corresponding lengths of the contours under consideration and depends on the angle of inclination of the plane of the oblique section of the position of the coil δS of the measured helical surface contour to the projection plane of the position of the corresponding horizontal section (not shown in Fig.). Since all surface measurements are performed in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the central vertical axis line of the measurement object, the value of this angle characterizes the angle of elevation Ω of the cylindrical helix of the positions of the beginning of the beam of each tangent to the surface of a straight line on a circle forming a cylindrical surface during vertical movement. The elevation angle Ω is determined by the helical helical pitch h, and depends on the speed of successive changes in the positions of the beginning of the beam on the circle, as illustrated in Fig. 10 a, b.

In FIG. 10a shows a helix lying on a cylindrical surface formed by the movement bounding the measurement region of a circle of radius R and centered at point O along the vertical axis. The cylindrical helix L is formed as a result of a simultaneous change in the angular position of the measurement position And _i on the circumference of the circle in a given direction clockwise, conditionally corresponding to the uniform rotation of the point And _i around the axis of the cylindrical surface, and the uniform movement of the circle along with the point along the guide axis of the cylinder from above way down. When the cylindrical surface I is scanned onto a plane, the helix turns into a straight line L '.

Исходя из этого расстояние h по высоте между смежными уровнями v секущих поверхность плоскостей сечений постоянно и задает высоту сечения. Для повышения точности измерения сечения стремятся, чтобы толщина вертикального слоя h поверхности была минимальной и длина одного витка L'_k-1 винтовой линии максимально приближалась к длине ее горизонтальной проекции L", что достигается, согласно формуле (11), при Ω стремящемся к нулю. Величина h при этом определяется по формуле (10), тогда tgΩ вычисляется как
tgΩ = V/(ω•R) (12)
Величина h и соответственно Ω при этом зависят от скорости обмера сечения ω, которая должна быть максимальной, что следует из формулы (10). Причем оптимальное значение линейной скорости V вертикального перемещения определяется допустимым значением t времени измерения всей поверхности, при котором не произойдет изменение позы измеряемого. Тогда при фиксированном постоянном значении линейной скорости V, соответствующей, например, скорости вращения электродвигателя механизма вертикального перемещения кольцевого модуля поперечного многоракурсного облучения объекта пучком световых лучей в устройстве, скорость обмера сечения будет определяться угловой скоростью ω изменения положения точек облучения на окружности.On figb presents the projection and scan of one turn L ' _{k-1 of the} helix L for the development of the layer h of the cylindrical surface I. The horizontal projection of the scan L' _k-1 corresponds to the circumference of the circle L ″ = 2π • R and determines the angular displacement of the point φ = 2π around the circle during the time T of its full revolution with the angular velocity of rotation ω = φ / T when measuring one section. The frontal projection of the sweep corresponds to the linear displacement of the point by the value of the step h of the helix along the generatrix of the cylinder during the measurement time t _{c of} one section, corresponding to its full revolution around the object, with a linear velocity V = h / t _c . Moreover, the point is fixed on the generatrix of the circle R in the initial position of measuring the cross section And ₁ . The value of h is determined from the formula:
h = V • 2π / ω. (9)
From a consideration of the reamer of cylinder I with a cylindrical helix L (Fig. 10b), we can establish the relationship between the radius of the cylinder R, step h and the angle of elevation of the helix Ω, namely

Based on this, the distance h in height between adjacent levels v of secant sections of the surface of the section planes is constant and sets the height of the section. To increase the accuracy of measurement of the cross section, it is sought that the thickness of the vertical layer h of the surface is minimal and the length of one turn L ' _{k-1 of the} helix is as close as possible to the length of its horizontal projection L ", which is achieved, according to formula (11), when Ω tends to zero . The value of h is then determined by the formula (10), then tgΩ is calculated as
tgΩ = V / (ω • R) (12)
The value of h and, accordingly, Ω in this case depend on the measurement speed of the cross section ω, which should be maximum, which follows from formula (10). Moreover, the optimal value of the linear velocity V of vertical movement is determined by the permissible value t of the measurement time of the entire surface at which there will be no change in the pose of the person being measured. Then, at a fixed constant value of the linear velocity V, corresponding, for example, to the rotation speed of the electric motor of the mechanism of vertical movement of the ring module of the transverse multi-angle irradiation of an object with a beam of light rays in the device, the speed of measuring the cross section will be determined by the angular velocity ω of the change in the position of the irradiation points on the circle.

 Thus, the thickness of a small layer h of the surface in each section during successive layer-by-layer sliding measurements of its sections depends on the ratio V / ω (10, 12) of the linear velocity of the vertical movement of the annular base with optical components for controlling the light beam along the measurement object to the speed of the angular movement of the irradiation point on a circle when changing the angle of measurements.

где
tgΩ = V/(ω•R),
V=const, R=const.Thus, setting the values of the angular velocity of measuring the cross section in decreasing order of magnitude, they successively reduce the values of the lifting angle Ω of the cylindrical helical screw and, by calculation (9) - (12), obtain a sequence of corresponding values of the sweep length L ', the limit of which at the angle Ω, tending to zero, is its horizontal projection L ", determined by the circumference of the annular base, limiting the measurement range:

Where
tgΩ = V / (ω • R),
V = const, R = const.

Точка А на графике соответствует максимально допустимому времени измерения сечения объекта t=0,3 между последовательными электрическими импульсами датчика начала измерения сечения при данных параметрах устройства. Точка А' соответствует фактическому времени измерения сечения при условии осуществления безынерционного электронного управления сканированием для данной технической реализации способа измерения.Thus, when a high measurement speed is achieved in horizontal directions, the outline of the horizontal projection of some measurable small layer h of a given surface will exactly correspond to the contour of the horizontal section of the surface at the initial elementary level v (Fig. 10a) of this layer. Figure 10c graphically shows the linear functional dependence of the elevation angle tgΩ of the helical trajectory of the point of exposure of the radiation source on the circle in the process of measuring the surface topography of the object from time T of measuring one of its cross sections with constant device parameters (vertical velocity of the annular module V _el and its diameter R ) for the angular coefficient k of the graph calculated by its actual given parameters, according to the formula:

Point A on the graph corresponds to the maximum permissible time for measuring the cross section of the object t = 0.3 between consecutive electrical pulses of the sensor for starting the measurement of the cross section for these device parameters. Point A 'corresponds to the actual time of measurement of the cross-section, subject to the implementation of inertial electronic control of scanning for this technical implementation of the measurement method.

In this embodiment of the method for measuring the surface topography of an object, the linear velocity V is set by the rotational speed V _el of the electric drive motor for vertically moving the measuring plane of the ring module of the transverse multi-angle irradiation of its internal space with a beam of light rays, and the altitude parameter h defining the distance between adjacent levels v of the horizontal plane of measurement of cross sections in the general topography of the surface, corresponds to the pitch of the spindle of the vertical displacement mechanism of the annular base and, accordingly, its linear vertical movement, h = 2 mm, so that the measurement time of one section in the horizontal plane should not exceed t _c = 0.3 s. The speed of transverse multi-angle irradiation with a beam of light rays is minimal due to its electronic control with the complete exclusion of moving mechanical controls of the ring module of transverse multi-angle irradiation with a beam of light rays of the surface in a horizontal plane in comparison with the prototype and is determined by the speed of the electronic components of the device and the data transfer rate between the device and PC. The rate of change of the positions of the measurement points in the circle is determined by the time of electronic switching of the sources and elements of the radiation control unit. So, the actual measurement time of one section is tens of microseconds, that is, its measurement is almost instantaneous, and corresponds to a negligible fraction of the angle Ω ′ (Fig. 10 b, c) of the helix rise for a negligible vertical displacement h '(Fig. 10 b) the measurement plane in the interval of the vertical surface layer during the registration of one section. In this case, the accuracy of approximation of the measured contour by its flat reconstruction with respect to the parameter Ω ′ is extremely high, that is, a good correspondence of the measured contour to the horizontal cross section of the surface of the object is ensured. The angle Ω ′ can be neglected and measurements taken for all positions in the circle taken in the same horizontal plane. Thus, with the sliding method of measuring the surface vertically with continuous movement of the measurement plane vertically, an almost step-by-step measurement of horizontal cross sections of the surface of the object in the plane is achieved.

 In addition, measuring the shadow of an object from point positions doubles the information content of measurements by the parameter of the number of linear elements that make up the approximating broken line for reconstruction of the measured surface section. Accordingly, increasing the accuracy of approximation of the measured surface contour by its flat reconstruction with respect to the length parameter of the broken curve links.

 The non-contact method of measuring the surface topography of an object’s surface and the device that implements it make it possible to measure a human figure with sufficiently high accuracy and, excluding direct contacts of the elements of the measuring system with a measurable surface, calculate discrete closed surface contours in planes of horizontal cross sections of a human figure, and obtain additional mathematical transformations linear wireframe representation of its surface and its digital three-dimensional image in a system with a PC.

 The device allows to increase the level of automation of the process of measuring the shape and dimensions of the surface of the human body with the digital representation of the quantitative result and provides the creation of real-time measurement of high-quality digital images of sections of the obtained surface topography model in a computer system with their simultaneous visualization on the display screen. The absence of moving parts of the ring module transverse multi-angle angular scanning increases reliability and simplifies the device. The device provides full coverage of the surface of the human body with maximum ease of implementation.

 The measurement time of one section is minimal and is determined by the speed of electronic devices. Due to this, the probability of errors from possible displacements of the human figure relative to the measuring device is reduced. The device can be installed in a room with a small area and used for small batches of measurements in the conditions of individual production of clothing, performing measurements of human figures with fairly high accuracy. The universality of the invention allows it to be used to prepare initial data on the surface of a human figure in a three-dimensional computer-aided design system for clothes when constructing patterns of various types of clothes in a known manner (NN Razdomakhin. Method for producing clothing patterns. // RF patent for the invention 2101990. Publ. 20.01 .98. Bull. 2.) or in other systems of computer-aided design of clothing, as well as a measuring device for anthropometry for medical purposes. The system can also be used to measure other objects - clothing mannequins and its internal forms.

Claims (7)

 1. A non-contact device for measuring the topography of the surface of an object, comprising a ring module of a transverse multi-angle continuous angular scanning of its internal space by a light beam in a horizontal plane, including an annular base, an optical component for controlling the light beam and changing the scanning angle along its internal surface with an optically coupled radiator and optical receiver, and a sensor for measuring the cross section of the object with the possibility of recording vertically the position of the ring module relative to the object, made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of a drive along the central vertical axial line of the measurement object passing through the center of the ring base, electrically connected to the control and recording personal electronic computer, including a digital information processing system, characterized in that the ring module includes independent stationary optical components for controlling the light beam, forming a group of radiation a device consisting of wide-angle, irradiating the inner space of the annular module, light sources with a wavelength outside the visible range of light, made with the possibility of their sequential connection to a power source, and a group of optical receiver, consisting of wide-angle photodetectors, matched by the frequency of the radiation sources direct optical connection between them, rigidly mounted on an annular base from the side of its inner part and placed at the same height level of the ring base in a horizontal plane along an arc of a circle of its inner surface with equal small angular steps Δφ and Δφ / 2 of the distance of the optical components from each other, respectively, in the emitter group and the optical receiver group and with a given angular displacement step Δφ / 4 of the optical components of one of the groups relative to the other so that the components of the emitter group internally divide the arc segment between each adjacent pair of photodetectors and arranged so that each source of the emitter group in the e direction of radiation at the center of the ring base is associated with the group of photodetectors of the optical receiver, accommodated by an arc of a circle of the ring base, determined by the viewing angle of the source, on the side opposite to the source, while the group of emitters and the group of optical receivers are in parallel electrically connected to key electronic devices of the electronic radiation control unit and registration of the boundaries of the shadow of the object, respectively, the optical components of the emitter group with the source switch, and opt The physical components of the optical receiver group are connected to a photodetector switch, electrically connected to a threshold device, a comparator, and the key electronic devices of the electronic control unit for radiation and registration of the object’s shadow boundaries are electrically connected in parallel with the control and recording personal electronic computer, and the electrical connection is with a personal electronic - by a computing machine, a switch of sources and a switch of photodetectors is carried out through the corresponding e registers of addresses of sources and photodetectors, and a personal electronic computer in parallel is electrically connected to a control panel electrically connected to an electric motor and a contact sensor for measuring the cross section of an object of an electric device control unit.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a carriage with an electromechanical drive for moving it along a cylindrical vertical guide rail, consisting of a vertical movement mechanism, rigidly connected to the ring module and the electronic control unit for radiation and detecting the boundaries of the object’s shadow the carriage inside the vertical cylindrical guide rack along the lead screw, driven by a mechanical gear transmission associated with the electric motor, while an electric device control unit is installed on the housing, containing an electric control panel and a contact sensor for measuring the cross-section of the object, interacting by means of its contact pair with a mechanical gear transmission of an electromechanical drive and electrically connected to the level indicator of the position of the carriage with a ring module on the vertical, implemented in the registration unit on personal electronic computer, including the computing and control units of the digital processing system and formation.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sources are made in the form of LEDs.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the photodetectors are made in the form of photodiodes.  5. The method of non-contact measurement of the topography of the surface of the object, which consists in the fact that sequentially, sliding, layer by layer measure along the longitudinal vertical axis of the object the contours of the cross-sections of its surface by continuously irradiating a moving in a horizontal plane light beam of the measurement area occupied by the object from the point of position of the source, moving along a circle surrounding an object, with a continuous change in the vertical position of this plane, take the receiver position at a moving point of the same circle, the rays incident on the areas of the opposite circular arc that are not obscured by the object determine the boundaries of the beginning and end of the object’s shadow by successive changes in the state of shadowing and shading of the light beam by the object by extracting the zero signal from the converted electrical signal, determine the position of the tangent to the surface of the beam object from the corresponding point of position of the source in the plane of the circle with the corresponding vertical position, I determine after a complete revolution of the irradiation point around the circumference of the measured object in a predetermined direction, successively in the circle plane of the horizontal level of the beginning of the measurement of the coordinate section of the nodal intersection points of the tangents corresponding to the right and left borders of the object’s shadow, the measured contour of the object’s cross section is determined by interpolating the smoothing of the geometric location of the tangent intersection points to the object obtained for the height interval during the full revolution of the irradiation point, repeat the decree the sequence of actions at successive horizontal levels of measuring the cross sections of the object when the relative position in the longitudinal vertical direction of the irradiation source on the circle and the object changes and the full topography of the surface of the object is calculated by geometric reconstruction of the surface according to a sequence of continuously measured cross-sections of the surface of the object, along its longitudinal vertical axis, characterized in that for each fixed point along Enhancing the source of radiation on a circle simultaneously determines in the same horizontal plane the position of two tangent rays to the left and right of the object’s surface, covering the contour of the object’s cross-section from two opposite sides of the surface, by sequentially irradiating the object’s measurement region with a group of sources emitting diverging fan-shaped beams of rays with an angular width exceeding the angular transverse dimensions of the object are shaded and not shaded The rays generated by the object by a group of receivers located at given points of the same circle corresponding to the opposite source of the arc of a circle behind the object determine the coordinates of the ends of the shadow arc of the object on the circle by measuring the converted signals of the receivers and select groups with a zero signal from them, determine the positions of both tangent rays to the surface of the object at the given coordinates of the position of the source and receivers on the circle corresponding to the ends of the shadow arc of the object for the selected group, and repeat the decree the sequence of actions for each point of the source position, and after the object is irradiated with the last of the group of sources, for each pair of adjacent points of the source position on the circle in its plane, the coordinates of the nodal intersection points of the tangents collected for all points of the successive positions of the sources on the circle are determined in a geometric place which determine the contour of the horizontal section of the surface of the object and, sequentially repeating the measurements of the contours of horizontal sections th surface in following one after another at a predetermined pitch, a recorded sensitive sensor, horizontal measurement levels, computed topography of the object surface by the geometric surface reconstruction along the longitudinal vertical axis of the object through the sequence of measured in steps of discrete horizontal cross-sections of the object surface forming its discrete linear skeleton.  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the geometrical location of the points of intersection of the tangents to the object, collected for all points of consecutive positions of the sources of radiation of the object on the circle, is determined simultaneously from the right and left ends of the arc of the object’s shadow in real-time measurement of each horizontal section the surface of the object by successively intersecting the tangents with the nearest angular position in a circle, calculated from the coordinates of the corresponding points of position of the sources and receivers on the edge distance when walking around an object in a given direction. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the shape of the measured contour of the geometrical section of the object is determined taking into account the height of each contour of the horizontal section above the plane of the zero level reference point for measuring the cross sections in that at the beginning of the measurement of the first cross section of the topography of the surface of the object, the distance from the reference plane of the zero level of reference to the level of the beginning of measurements of cross sections - the first horizontal level of measurement of the topography of the surface of the object and determine the absolute values of the height of to the measured surface contour of the cross sections according to the formula
H _Sv = h ₀ + v • h,
where S is the number of the ray containing the point (S = 1, N);
M is the number of rays corresponding to the number of receivers on the circle;
v is the number of the measured horizontal section of the surface (v = 1, K);
K is the number of measured horizontal surface sections;
h ₀ - the height of the first horizontal level measurement of the topography of the surface of the object above the plane of the zero level of reference measurements of sections;
h is the vertical displacement of the plane of the level measurement of the cross section.

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