RU2208109C2 - Process of decorative coating of walls and ceilings and composition intended for realization of process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry, methods of building finishing. SUBSTANCE: process of decorative coating of walls and ceilings includes deposition of coat on prepared surface. Coat carries material of organic origin with additives. Fibrous material, for example, waste paper, that is soaked in water and ground to pasty state is utilized in the capacity of material of organic origin. Thereafter additive in the form of solid electrolyte is injected into mass, which is mixed and boiling solution of potassium alum is poured into mixture. In 20-30 min of mass mixing latex adhesive additive - polyvinylacetate is injected and obtained mass is laid on prepared surface in small portions by slamming of each portion down with overlapping and required form of surface is created by tapping of rib of putty knife. Surface is colored after mass drying. Composition for decorative coating of walls and ceilings includes fibrous material in the form of waste paper, additives and water. It has latex adhesive additive- polyvinylacetate and solid electrolyte in the form of zirconium dioxide and potassium alum with following proportion of components, per cent by mass: waste paper 75.0-90.0; latex adhesive additive 0.2-3.0; zirconium dioxide 0.1-0.2; potassium alum 0.3-0.65; water being the balance. EFFECT: high heat and sound insulation, enhanced reliability of coat and reduced labor input to process. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The group of inventions relates to ground construction (layered materials), in particular to methods for finishing buildings, such as flights of stairs, floors, and in particular to methods of coating or cladding walls and ceilings, and coatings consisting of materials of organic origin, reinforced or unreinforced, with fillers or without them. It also relates to compositions of mortars, including porous, for example, solutions containing inorganic binders or a reaction product of inorganic and organic binders.

There is a known method of coating walls and ceilings, which involves surface preparation before coating, namely, brick, concrete, cinder block walls are cut with an ax of 10-15 cm and treated with steel brushes, then they are cleaned of dust and moistened with water. The surface is coated (plaster) in three stages. Spray: a solution of a creamy consistency is applied by spray, which after adhesion to the surface and hardening serves as the basis for the second layer. Primer: apply the primer and smooth it thoroughly until a smooth surface is obtained, after which the next coat is applied. Nakryvka: soil is covered with the third layer of the solution prepared on fine-grained sand. The coating is first sprayed, and then evened out or spread and smoothed as evenly as possible. Moreover, plastering is carried out in the following sequence: first, the ceiling, then along the perimeter of the wall from top to bottom (V.N. Rudakov, F.Yu. Sopotsko. Planning and repair of a rural residential building. - M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1986, p.234-240, 282-285). To implement the method using the following composition:
a) lime-sand mortar is prepared from lime dough or ground quicklime and sand. The lime dough is mixed with sand, water is added as needed and mixed until homogeneous, and depending on the fat content of lime, 2 to 5 parts of sand are added to 1 part of the lime dough and the solution is used for 1 hour;
b) a cement-sand mortar is kneaded from cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 2-3, mixed in dry form and shut with water, mixed and used for 45 minutes.

 c) lime-gypsum mortar composition 1: 2-5 (for 1 part of gypsum 2-5 parts of lime mortar). First, the gypsum is shut with water to a creamy state and mixed, then lime mortar and gypsum are added to the desired consistency. Apply the solution for 5-7 minutes.

 The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity (multi-layer application), the need for exposure of the building before starting work - after complete settlement for about a year, the use of nets, nails, wire, shingles and requires additional costs for decoration and hiding, which have disadvantages (bumps, large light absorption, high heat absorption and strong acoustic properties, lack of sound absorption).

 The disadvantages of the known compositions are: short-term use (from an hour to 5-7 minutes), careful dosing of materials, the mandatory use of binders (clay, lime, cement, gypsum) and aggregates (sand, fine slag, fine pumice, sawdust, etc.) , and should also be able to withstand compressive loads, for example, in case of fire.

 There is a method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings and a composition intended for use in the method (VN Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko. Planning and repair of a rural residential building. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1986, S. 242-247), which includes preparing the surface for gluing: cleaning with a pumice stone, smoothing out various roughnesses; sealing all kinds of joints in the walls with putty and gypsum, followed by their cleaning; cleaning from previously applied coloring or glue whitewash, cleaned with subsequent washing; level the surface with paper (newspapers), which are coated with glue (paste) on top, followed by drying; Wallpaper is cut, the prepared scraps are coated with glue (paste) and glued to the walls, pressed and carefully smoothed; after the wallpaper has dried, they are trimmed along the plinth and equal, if necessary, from above. The disadvantage of this method is the high thermal conductivity of the coating, low acoustic absorption of sounds, high fire hazard, fragility.

 A known composition intended for use in the method is a paste, which includes starch milk and water in a ratio of 1: 10-12, starch milk is brewed with boiling water and 10 g of tooth powder is added to the glue to make it thick. A disadvantage of the known composition is its low adhesive ability (especially for washing wallpapers), staining of joints over time attracts rodents, and in the event of unexpected wetting - the appearance of mold and, as a result, re-sticking of the entire decorative coating.

 A known composition intended for use in the method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings (ed. Certificate 1659377, C 04 B 28/08. Mortar for finishing work), includes slag Portland cement, sand, calcium, containing a component in the form of a sludge to neutralize spent sulfuric acid solution etching became lump lime, sodium hexametaphosphate, an organic additive in the form of carboxylic acid fatty series C15-C17 and water.

 A disadvantage of the known composition is its rapid hardening and requires subsequent additional decorative processing.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed method is a method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings (ed. Certificate. 1067168, E 04 F 13/00. The method of decorative finishing of building structures) is a prototype.

 The method involves preparing the base (performing improved plastering), applying coatings (primers) by the glue method with color additives, after drying of which a decorative layer is applied, and its smoothing is carried out after 20-30 minutes from the time of its setting, and smoothing is carried out with a grater, the spray forms convex picture.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed composition for use in the method is a composition intended for use in the method (ed. Certificate. 1435566, C 04 B 28/26. A method of manufacturing a perlite fiber product) is a prototype.

 The composition includes fibrous material in the form of paper waste paper, a binding emulsion in the form of an organosilicon emulsion, an additive in the form of expanded perlite and water.

 The disadvantage of this method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings is the following: insufficient heat insulation, sound insulation, discomfort for a person at a low temperature, great dependence on moisture that has entered the plaster, and the fragility of the coating.

 The disadvantage of the known composition intended for use by the method is the following: expanded perlite is hygroscopic and well absorbs moisture from the air, is a favorable place for the development of mold, high labor consumption to remove moisture, low fire resistance.

The essence of the group of inventions is expressed:
- in the method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings, including coating a prepared surface, consisting of material of organic origin with additives, according to the invention, a fibrous material, for example paper waste paper, which is soaked with water and crushed to a pasty state, is used as a material, and then into a mass the additive is introduced in the form of a solid electrolyte, the material is thoroughly mixed and a boiling solution of potassium alum is poured into it, and after 20-30 minutes after stirring, m Therians it is administered through an adhesive additive polvinilatsetata manually and in small portions mass clap onto the surface overlap of each portion and a spatula rib punches in said surface treated mass, form the required composition weight after drying the surface stained. The technical result achieved is in a causal relationship with the essence of the method and consists in high heat and sound insulation, reducing labor intensity and increasing the reliability of the coating;
- in the composition for use in a method comprising a fibrous material in the form of paper waste paper, binding an emulsion, water, according to the invention additionally contains zirconia (solid electrolyte) and alum-potassium alum in the following ratio, wt.%: waste paper 75-90; zirconium dioxide 0.1-0.2; potassium alum 0.3-0.65; water is the rest. Achievable technical result is to increase fire resistance, decorativeness and reliability.

 The essence of the invention will be understood from the following description of the invention and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of laying a portion of a mass on a surface to be treated, Fig. 2 is a diagram of a mass treatment with a spatula on a wall, Fig. 3 is a view of the treated mass with a spatula, and FIG. 4 is a view of types of processing of the mass with a roller.

In the description of the invention and in the drawings, the following notation is given: 1 - the processed surface of the wall, 2 - the laid mass on the wall, 3 - putty knife, 4 - the roller with a pattern, 5 - a variant of the picture on the treated surface with a roller, 6 - the third version of the figure on the processed surface . Fibrous material, such as paper waste paper, is processed on a machine (shredders, for example, a device with a container and a pallet with parallel shafts with cutters and a feeder) with a lot of water. Grinding lead to a pasty state (paper is crushed to the state of "minced meat"). The mass is moist, but not liquid and is a material of organic origin. An additive is added to the mass obtained - a solid electrolyte in the form of zirconium dioxide 0.1-0.2 wt.% Depending on the degree of application of paint, varnish or plaster on the wall. Zirconia (powder material - in aqueous solutions, zirconium compounds are characterized by a high degree of hydrolysis, the formation of polymers and complex ions: the hydration sphere - ion - el.static field ~ 10 to the 7th degree V / cm), i.e., it binds fibrous well material - shredded paper pulp (Brief Chemical Encyclopedia, vol. 5 (T-Y). - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1967, p. 871). Complete removal of water from hydrated zirconia at Т = 298 ^o С, heat of formation ΔН298 = -261.5 kcal / mol (p. 876 - ibid.), I.e., with increasing temperature, heat is absorbed, thereby excluding paper fire masses on the wall, ceiling. Before laying the paper pulp on the wall, add polyvinyl acetate (PVA glue - binding emulsion) 0.2-3.0 wt.% Or bustilate glue and mix thoroughly so that the mass is not thick but soft. Before the introduction of PVA glue after the introduction of zirconium dioxide, a boiling solution of potassium alum 0.3-0.65 wt.% Is introduced into the paper pulp. And only after 20-30 minutes, when the temperature of the pulp drops to 15-18 ^o C, PVA glue is introduced. Before applying the mass, wall treatment is not necessary, because the mass layer hides all defects, bumps, cracks, etc. The method of application is manual, the mass is taken in the hand and a cake is made, which is superimposed on the wall 1 (Fig. 1) or the ceiling, and a second cake 2 is slammed nearby and connected by the same claps, etc. That is, the entire laying process takes place by means of claps and compounds of mass 6 monolith over the entire wall from floor to ceiling. The wet mass 2 is treated with a spatula 3 (FIG. 2) by striking the ribs into the mass 2 over the entire surface 1. A shape resembling a “tree bark” is obtained. After drying, the mass becomes solid and holds firmly to the wall or ceiling. If you want to get a different pattern on the applied paper pulp, roller 4 is used (Fig. 4), and depending on the variant of the pattern on the roller, you can get pictures 5 or 6. As a result, at low cost, a coating with good heat and sound insulation is obtained. The dried surface can be painted with water-based or any other paint. Varnishing the paint gives the surface increased hardness, as well as gloss and special beauty. Painting can be done with any devices (brush, spray gun, etc.). You can repaint the coating without changing the texture. If you attract professional sculptors, you can create three-dimensional panels with a perspective, any landscapes, mountains, waterfalls, etc., applying colored pigments to the surface.

 If you take clean white paper with a high density, process it and apply it on the walls and ceiling, even without painting under ultraviolet light (UV lamps), the walls glow, which can be effectively used when decorating bars, etc. Glow occurs due to the presence of barium sulfate (barite) in paper (Popular Library of Chemical Elements, book 2. - M .: Nauka, p.104-106.).

Claims (2)

 1. The method of decorative coating of walls and ceilings, including coating a prepared surface, consisting of material of organic origin with additives, characterized in that as the material of organic origin use fibrous material, for example paper waste paper, which is soaked with water and crushed to a pasty state, then an additive in the form of a solid electrolyte is introduced into the mass, a boiling solution of alum-potassium alum is mixed and poured, and after 20-30 minutes after mixing aces it is introduced latex adhesive additive - polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and manually in small portions mass placed on a prepared surface by prihlopyvaniya overlapping portions and each rib strikes spatula provide the necessary surface shape, and its weight after drying surface stained. 2. A composition for decorative coating of walls and ceilings by the method according to claim 1, comprising fibrous material in the form of paper waste paper, additives and water, characterized in that as an additive it contains a latex adhesive additive - polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and additionally a solid electrolyte in the form zirconium dioxide and potassium alum in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Waste paper - 75-90
Latex adhesive additive - 0.2-3.0
Zirconia - 0.1-0.2
Alum potassium alum - 0.3-0.65
Water - Rest

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