RU2201874C2 - Method of decorative coating of wooden articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood treatment. SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method, articles are impregnated with paint materials after shaping and their surfaces are treated at initial humidity of 0-2%. EFFECT: improved quality of articles after such treatment. 5 cl

Description

 The invention relates to a method for decorating wood products and can be used in the field of folk art crafts and the art industry manufacturing products with miniature painting.

 Fine products are known, for example, Fedoskino from papier-mâché with miniature painting, painted according to the principle of a three-layer classical oil painting.

Known technical solution / 1 - p. 66-67, Bardina R.A. Products of folk art crafts and souvenirs. - M .: Higher. school, 1990.-302 pp. / production of varnished papier-mâché caskets includes: natural drying of the workpiece during the day; bathing them for about 30 minutes in a bath with oil at T = 70 ^o C and drying for 8-10 days in a chamber - oven, first at a temperature of T = 40-90 ^o C, then from 90-40 ^o C; case manufacturing - product forms; processing on a grinding machine; drying and drying, puttying, grinding with a waterproof sandpaper; polishing the product two or three times with black enamel, black varnish (the inner surface of the product is cinnabar and light varnish); 5-7 times drying with a duration of at least 7 hours for each coating at T = 70-80 ^o C and, finally, painting miniatures with thin squirrel brushes using oil paints.

 It is not possible to realize miniature painting on solid wood products due to microcracks that arise, especially on the bottom of the case and the ornamental surface of the lid. This is primarily due to the anisotropy of wood and the short-term drying of (atmospheric) round timber at the first stage, which is later used in the manufacture of decorative products.

 Wood products change size if its moisture content changes in the region below the saturation limit of cell walls. It dries out when moisture is removed from the cell walls and swells when moisture increases in them. Shrinkage and swelling cause warping and cracking. These phenomena are strictly taken into account when they affect the quality of furniture and music products. The moisture content of solid wood parts for furniture blanks should be 8 ± 2% / GOST 16371-93. Furniture. General specifications. After applying the film composition, an equilibrium humidity occurs in them, characterizing the state of the wood, in which it neither gains nor loses moisture. However, with some fluctuation of it, for example, microcracks on massive wood that may not be visible during visual inspection may appear on the furniture surface, which, of course, will not affect the conditions of its operation. On art products, on the contrary, microcracks significantly affect the performance of miniature products: quality, luster and cost; moreover, the moisture in them should be less than that regulated in furniture.

The well-known "Method for the manufacture of art wood products with Khokhloma painting" / SU, RF 1831446, class. In 44 D 5/00, 1993 /, including operations: priming the surfaces of products; grinding; putty; grinding; varieties with boiled varnish with lead red lead; tinning by rubbing aluminum powder into the surface of the products to obtain a light (silver) background of the surfaces; artistic painting on the surfaces of products is performed by one of the types of writing (background, curls and grass); repeated varnishing with colored varnish; repeated varnishing with a clear varnish; grinding; a second coating with colorless varnish; tinting bottoms; drying after each technological operation at T = 100-120 ^o C. Before applying the varnish coating, the varnish is tinted with a 10-14% alcohol solution of organic dyes orange (2g) or yellow (3). The percentage of dye (3) in the alcohol solution is 5.6-6%, and the dye (2g), respectively, 1-2%.

 This technical solution was made as a prototype.

The known composition of the colored varnish solution (RECIPE "A") includes:
MCH varnish - 52; dye yellow "3" and orange "2zh", solvent 646.

 The composition of the colorless varnish solution (RECIPE "B") includes: varnish MCH - 52; butyl alcohol; solution 646.

 Olive mixture (RECIPE "B") contains the ratio of components: hemp or linseed oil (GOST 5792-81), lead red lead (GOST 19151-73), PF varnish - 283 (GOST 5470-75), oil desiccant NF-1.

The basis of natural drying oil: linseed or hemp oil with desiccants is mixed with lead red lead and boiled at a temperature of T = 200-240 ^o C until the solution becomes transparent and acquires a golden brown hue.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is microcracks from the inside of the product to the bottom, which after a long time become noticeable cracks.

 The technical solution provides for the manufacture of lacquer miniature wood products with a high decorative effect (gloss, brightness and saturation of a miniature shade), strong adhesion to their smooth surface, sufficient moisture resistance of the paint and varnish protective film coating, long term use without reducing the artistic value of the product; moreover, miniature products produced by the proposed method will not yield to market requirements for classic lacquer miniature products made of papier-mâché.

 According to the proposed method, after shaping (turning wood), the product is subjected to through impregnation (without pressure) with liquid paints and varnishes. When impregnated, the paint and varnish liquid in the wood moves through a system of capillaries, which includes cell cavities, openings in the pore membranes and submicroscopic channels in the cell walls, after a certain time it dries up with the formation of a solid film held by the adhesion forces in them. As a result, the physicomechanical properties of wood in various directions are stabilized, it acquires higher strength, which prevents cracking and prevents deformation of the wood product.

To solve the technical problem in the method of decorating wood products, which consists in shaping (turning), priming and puttying the surface of the product, repeatedly applying an oil coating on them containing a mixture of boiled varnish and pentaphthalic varnish, in metallization of surfaces by tinning them with aluminum powder until formation mirroring, decorating surfaces with paints, red and black of which contain boiled varnish, in repeated coating of surfaces with varnish colored and colorless, the first of which contains organic dyes of the type "2zh" or "Z", while the decoration is carried out on a lacquer coating previously made on the surfaces; in drying the product after each technological operation at a temperature of 100-120 ^o C and holding for at least 2-2.5 hours, according to the invention, the turned products are impregnated with paints and varnishes, the subsequent surface treatment (before priming) of the products is ensured with a controlled initial wood moisture equal to 0-2%.

 In accordance with the invention, the first layer of the lacquer coating is decorated with colored varnish before decoration using “2g” or “Z” organic dye, and the last layers with colorless varnish.

 In accordance with the invention, furniture varnishes are used as paints and varnishes.

 In accordance with the invention, the optimal duration of the impregnation of the product is 0.1-0.5 hours

 According to the invention, the conditional optimum viscosity of paints and varnishes ranges from 30-80 s.

When performing the proposed method using the famous Khokhloma technology painted in the style of "grass", "background" and "Kudrin" using technology and basic materials below:
Hemp or linseed oil - GOST 5792-81
Red lead - GOST 19151-73
Pentaphthalic varnish (PF-283) - GOST 5470-75
Varnishes of grades NTs (impregnation) - GOST 4976-83
Desiccant oil (NF-1) - GOST 1003
Acid cured varnishes - TU-6-10-764-74
Artistic oil paints - TU-6-10-1382-78
Organic dye 2zh - GOST 7468-55
Organic dye Z - GOST 17650-72
Aluminum powder - GOST 5494-71
Cinnabar (red paint) soot.

 Khokhloma miniature painting gives the decorative product volume, which improves the visual perception of the drawing and increases its artistic value.

 Below are the conditions for conducting experiments on the claimed method of decorating wood products in accordance with examples A (with impregnation), B (without impregnation) and according to the well-known technical solution (prototype) - according to example C, the results of their comparative evaluation.

 1. According to the technology, a combination of drying methods is provided for all examples: first, for a year or more - atmospheric drying of round wood (with removal of bark) in stacks, and then - chamber chopped chura before turning.

 2. Product samples for the above examples are made of one breed (linden), have the same geometric and volumetric dimensions.

 3. Technological operations for each example were performed under the same conditions, including using the formulas “A - B”.

 According to the prototype (example B) after tinning, painting is carried out, then varnishing with colored and colorless varnish, according to the proposed method (example A) - the tinned surface is covered with colored varnish, then painting is applied and coated with colorless varnish.

 4. The surface gloss of the miniature painting of all products was measured on an FB-2 photoelectric gloss meter (GOST 896-69).

 6. Microcracks of the surface of the products were examined with a Biolan microscope.

 7. The main factors determining the degree of influence of the impregnation process on the strength of miniature wood products are as follows: tree species; humidity of products; medium temperature; duration of impregnation.

 8. All samples were thoroughly dried, including the impregnated product; impregnation provides durability and strength of the product; Does not interfere with painting.

 Example A. The method was implemented in accordance with the above operations of its implementation (new version) - on turned almost absolutely dry wood (humidity 0-2%) and impregnated with nitro-varnishes of different grades, including varnishes NTs-218, NTs-222, NTs-243 (GOST 4978-83) with a nominal viscosity of 30-80 s and with a film gloss of 55% or epoxy varnishes.

 When filling the cavities of the body and the cover of the product with paints and varnishes at room temperature for a period of 0.1-0.5 hours, their entire surface and microcracks were thoroughly saturated.

 Example B. The experiments in this example were carried out with a moisture content of 0-2%.

 Example B. The experiments in this example were carried out with a moisture content of 8 ± 2%.

As a result of research
- achieved stabilization of physico-mechanical properties due to the permeability of wood with paints and varnishes (example A);
- increased product strength by 10-20% (example A);
- reduced the magnitude of microcracks on the ornamental surface of products by 10-20% compared with example C and 5-9% with example B;
- the optimal range of conditional viscosity of paints and varnishes, ranging from 30-80 s (example A);
- a high degree of surface gloss of a miniature painting of all products is provided, imitating a golden color - 92-98%.

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solution. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype as the closest in the set of essential features of the analogue made it possible to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the seen technical result in the claimed method set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

 To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search / p.29-33. Mikhailov G.M. et al. Technology of manufacturing consumer goods from wood. M .: Lesn. industry; The basics of art craft. Ed. V.A. Baradulina. M .: Education, 1979, 320 S. / known solutions that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the features of the claimed method. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since the prior art determined by the applicant did not reveal the effect of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result: the effect of a range of wood moisture equal to almost absolutely dry, and impregnation with paints and varnishes of the fabricated product for miniature painting, taking into account the existing technological modes of manufacturing x hlomskih products, and ensuring the achievement of the goal - which indicates the satisfaction of the criterion of "inventive step".

 The claimed technical solution can be used at enterprises of national crafts and the art industry, it is disclosed in the application materials with the completeness sufficient for its implementation, and ensures the manufacture of highly artistic wood products. Thus, the proposed solution meets the criteria of the invention of "industrial applicability".

 The proposed method extends the range of application of traditional Khokhloma writing in the production of wood art products in the style of classic lacquer miniatures.

Claims (5)

 1. The method of decorating wood products, which consists in the shaping of products, priming the surface of the products, repeatedly applying an oil paint coating on them, metallization of surfaces by tinning, decorating surfaces with paints, multiple coating of surfaces with varnish colored and colorless, while the decoration is carried out according to previously made on the surfaces varnish coating, drying of products after each technological operation and exposure, characterized in that after shaping perform feeding products with paints and varnishes and surface treatment of products with an initial moisture content of 0-2%.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer of the varnish coating before decoration is performed with colored varnish using "2g" or "Z" as an organic dye, and the last layers with colorless varnish.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that furniture varnishes are used as paints and varnishes.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimal duration of the impregnation of the product is 0.1-0.5 hours  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditional optimal viscosity of the coating materials ranges from 30-80 s.