RU2200802C1 - System for discharge and cleaning of surface run- off - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering; discharge and cleaning of surface run-off from roads and construction platforms. SUBSTANCE: system includes water drainage conduit, settling chamber divided into fine and coarse cleaning sections, biological pond consisting of shallow-water bioplateau and deep-water basin, filtering chamber located after deep-water basin and separated from it by filtering dam; proposed system is also provided with discharge conduit and additional filtering chambers: one filtering chamber is located in settling chamber between coarse and fine cleaning sections and other filtering chamber is located in front of bioplateau; each additional filtering chamber includes filtering material laid in layers at reduced filtering factor of each subsequent layer relative to previous one; filtering factor of each layer of chamber is no less than 1 m/day. EFFECT: simplified construction; improved quality of cleaning. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used for the removal and treatment of surface runoff from rain, melt and irrigation water from roads, railways, from built-up areas, industrial sites, etc.

 A known system of drainage and surface runoff cleaning, including a drainage collector, a settling chamber, a separation chamber with an inlet, outlet and side outlet of the liquid to be cleaned, a filter chamber and a discharge manifold (see SU 1776636 A1, 11.23.92.).

 The disadvantages of the known drainage and surface drainage system are the complexity of its design due to the presence of a large number of mechanical components that increase the likelihood of failure, and a decrease in the quality of wastewater treatment.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a system of drainage and treatment of surface runoff, including waterproofing from the surrounding soil, successively communicated between the drainage collector, settling chamber, divided into two sections of coarse and fine cleaning, respectively, a biological pond consisting of a shallow bioplate and a deep water pool located behind the last filter chamber, separated from it by a filter dam, and a discharge manifold (see RU 2137884 C1, 02.25.99. MP 6 E 03 F 1/00).

 The disadvantages of the known system of drainage and surface runoff cleaning are that when the surface runoff flows through the bottom bypass into the fine section of the settling chamber, it becomes clogged and the remaining impurities of the surface runoff through the spillway crest, without filtering, fall into a shallow plateau. In addition, the flow of surface effluents from the settling chamber to the biological pond occurs through the drainage, drainage channels and the drainage tray, which complicates the design of the drainage and treatment system and reduces the quality of treatment of surface waste.

 The present invention is to simplify the design and improve the quality of surface water treatment.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that the system of drainage and surface runoff cleaning, including waterproofing from the surrounding soil, successively communicated between a drainage collector, a settling chamber, divided into two sections of coarse and fine cleaning, respectively, a biological pond consisting of a shallow bioplate and a deep-sea basin located behind the last filtered chamber, separated from it by a filter dam, and a discharge manifold, is equipped with additional filter chambers, one of which s is placed in a settling chamber between the coarse and fine sections, and the other is in front of a shallow bioplate, each of the additional filter chambers made of filter materials laid in layers from top to bottom, with a decrease in the filter coefficient of each subsequent layer relative to the previous one, while the filter coefficient of each layer chambers not less than 1 m / day.

 In the system of removal and cleaning of the surface layer in additional filter chambers, their vertical walls can be made of gabions and coated on the inside with geotextiles.

 In the system of removal and purification of surface runoff in each additional filter chamber, at least one of the upper layers can be made of gabions.

 The drainage and surface drainage treatment system can be equipped with an additional filter dam installed in a biological pond between a shallow bioplate and a deep-water pool.

 The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design of the drainage system and surface runoff treatment and improve the quality of surface runoff treatment.

 The drawing schematically depicts a system for the removal and treatment of surface runoff.

 The system of drainage and surface runoff cleaning includes a drainage collector 1, a settling chamber 2, divided into sections of coarse 3 and fine 4, respectively, a biological pond, consisting of a shallow bioplate 5 and a deep-sea basin 6, a filter chamber 7 , separated from the deep water pool by a filter dam 8, and a discharge manifold 9. The drainage and cleaning system of the surface layer is equipped with additional filter chambers 10 and 11. Moreover, the filter chamber 10 is installed in the settling chamber 2 between the coarse 3 and fine 4 cleaning sections, and the filter chamber 11 is installed in front of the shallow bioplate 5. Additional filter chambers 10 and 11 are stacked layers of filter materials, with the filtering coefficient of each subsequent layer relative to the previous one starting from the top, decreases, but equals at least 1 m / day. The vertical walls of 12 additional filter chambers are made of gabions and are coated on the inside with geotextiles. An additional filtering dam 13 is installed between the shallow bioplate and the deep-sea basin.

 The system of removal and treatment of surface runoff (rain, irrigation, melt water, etc.) works as follows.

 Surface runoff of rain, washing or melt water from the drainage section flows to the water supply collector 1 and flows by gravity to the rough cleaning section 3 of the settling chamber 2, where it is freed from large mechanical impurities. Further, the surface drains are filtered through an additional filter chamber 10, filled with layers of natural filter material, and enter the fine cleaning section 4 of the settling chamber 2. When the drains pass through the layers of natural filter material of the additional filter chambers and gabions of their vertical walls, the drains are cleaned of suspended particles and related petroleum products. The coefficient of filtration of natural filtering material, filled in layers, should be at least 1 m / day, which ensures maximum productivity of the treatment plant of this type.

 The use of filtering filling with a lower value of the filtration coefficient will lead to a decrease in the productivity of the treatment plant and will require a more frequent change of the filter material and / or increase in the size of the treatment plant.

 In the fine cleaning section, fine impurities are deposited. From the fine-cleaning section, surface effluents are filtered through an additional filter chamber 11, which is also filled with granular natural material with a filtration coefficient of at least 1 m / day, and enters a shallow bioplate 5.

 A shallow bioplate is a basin planted with higher aquatic plants (macrophytes) of one or several species: reeds, cattail, reed, sedge, and rhdest. In a shallow bioplate, biodegradation of petroleum products contained in surface runoff occurs, compounds and ions of heavy metals bind. The thickness of the water layer in a shallow bioplate above the ground should be at least 30 cm. From a shallow bioplate, surface runoff flows through an additional filter dam 13, made of gabion structures, into a deep-water pool 6 with a depth of at least 1 m. Anaerobic processes occur in the deep-water part of the bioplate decomposition of the organic matter of effluents and oxidized derivatives of petroleum products, as well as the binding and accumulation of compounds of heavy metals. In addition, biological filtration of wastewater by zooplankton organisms occurs in the water column.

 From the deep-water part of the bioplate, water, filtered through a gabion filter dam, enters a full-flow filter chamber 7 filled with a natural sorbent, where the surface runoff is treated. The cleaned surface drain from the filter chamber is discharged along the discharge collector 9 to the topography or to the reservoir.

 In the construction structures box gabions of square and rectangular section are used. Gabions are baskets filled with stone material, made of steel tightly galvanized double torsion mesh with hexagonal cells (mesh size 100 x 120, 80 x 100 or 60 x 80 mm). This mesh is strong, resistant to corrosion and abrasion, durable, does not weave due to mechanical damage to individual wires.

 Natural stone for filling gabions (crushed stone, pebbles, small boulders, quarry stone) has a high density, strength, and frost resistance. The size of the stones should exceed the size of the mesh cell by 1.5-2 times. After the erection of the gabion structure, its open porosity is 30%.

Claims (4)

 1. The system of drainage and treatment of surface runoff, including water-insulated from the surrounding soil, successively communicated between a drainage collector, a settling chamber, divided into two sections of coarse and fine cleaning, respectively, a biological pond, consisting of a shallow bioplate and a deep-water basin, located behind the last filter a chamber separated from it by a filter dam and a discharge manifold, characterized in that it is equipped with additional filter chambers, one of which is placed in the settling chamber between the coarse and fine sections, and the other in front of the shallow bioplate, each of the additional filter chambers made of filter materials laid in layers from top to bottom, with a decrease in the filter coefficient of each subsequent layer relative to the previous one, while the filter coefficient of each camera layer is not less than 1 m / day.  2. The system of removal and purification of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that in the additional filter chambers their vertical walls are made of gabions and covered on the inside with geotextiles.  3. The system of removal and purification of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that each additional filter chamber has at least one of the upper layers made of gabions.  4. The system of removal and treatment of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional filtering dam installed in a biological pond between a shallow bioplate and a deep-sea pool.