RU2200050C1 - Method of separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and their compounds and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures; oil producing and oil defining industries; separation of complex liquid and gas mixtures and their compounds into components. SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes preheating mixtures to boiling point of low-boiling component at high velocities and pressure exceeding pressure of product vapor at this temperature by no less than 0.5 atm followed by separation of low-boiling and high-boiling components at additional heating due to friction forces and swirling of flow in energy divider at separation of low-boiling components in vortex tube cavity. Device proposed for realization of this method has casing with pipe arranged inside it; said pipe is secured in tube sheet and is provided with energy divider equipped with spiral partitions forming helical passages; device is also provided with cold and hot flow chambers; lower end of pipe is introduced in hot flow chamber; hot flow chamber is made in form of two truncated cones engageable by larger bases; upper cone is biconical; upper end of pipe widens upward and is used as cold flow chamber; device is also provided with discharge branch pipe and cold and hot flow branches; helical passages of energy divider are made in form of aerodynamic wing with widening and narrowing width along length of passage. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency; reduced usage of metal; reduced power requirements due to reduced temperature of separation of mixture. 3 cl, 3 dwg, 9 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the chemical, oil refining and oil industries, in particular to a method for the separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and a device for its implementation, and can be used in all sectors of the economy where it becomes necessary to separate complex liquid and gas mixtures into components.

 A known method of separation of multicomponent mixtures by distillation (ed. Certificate of USSR 187728, 01 D 53/14, bull. 21, 1963), which consists in the fact that when mixing flows at the feed points of distillation columns, in each section of each distillation column produce exhaustion only one component.

 The disadvantage of this method is the complex hardware design, requiring high energy costs.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method of fractionation of high-boiling compounds by heating them at high speeds under pressure, exceeding the vapor pressure of the product at a given temperature by at least 0.5 atm, followed by separation of the gas-liquid mixture and vapor distillation in vacuum (ed. USSR 143780), 01 D 53/14, bull. 1 dated 27.17.62).

 The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption for creating a vacuum, high metal consumption due to the cumbersome heavy-weight circuit for implementing the method, low efficiency associated with the entrainment of low-boiling components and the deterioration of the quality of the final product due to decomposition in a vacuum.

Known vortex vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger (ed. Certificate. СССР 1304910, F 28 D 7/16, bull. 2, 1985), containing a casing with tubes fixed in the gratings, inside of which there are energy separators having central channels and spiral partitions forming with the surface the pipes are screw grooves, moreover, in the spiral partition of each energy separator, additional screw ropes are made with slots communicating the space between the energy separators and the corresponding pipe with a central channel, and the lower sections of the pipes are made Nena expanding, expanding each tube portion has a length that leaves 5-10 its diameter, the open angle 1 ^o 45'-February ² and between the cylindrical portion and energorazdelitelem expanding portion has a length of 10-12 pipe diameters.

 A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low efficiency of the device, which does not allow to intensify the separation process when working on gas-containing solutions, high heat consumption for their regeneration.

 Closest to the claimed invention in technical essence is a vortex vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger (ed. Certificate of the USSR 1409841, F 28 D 7/16, bull. 26, 1988), containing a casing with a pipe placed in it, fixed in a tube plate and equipped with a disk an energy separator having spiral partitions with slots forming helical channels, chambers of cold and hot flows, the last of which is the lower end of the pipe, the inlet pipe and the discharge of cold flow and condensate, and the slots in the partition are made in the form e vertical rows of round holes, a hot flow chamber - in the form of two truncated cones, conjugated by large bases, while the upper cone is made with double taper, the upper end of the pipe is expanding upwards and serves as a cold flow chamber, and the lower end of the pipe is equipped with a disk drop eliminator. The incoming stream through the tangential input pipe enters the vortex tube, where it passes through the helical channels of the energy separator, acquires an intensive rotational movement. Then, under the action of centrifugal forces in the vortex tube cavity, the flow is divided into liquid and gas, the liquid being located on the periphery and the gas near the axis, while the gas is cooled and discharged to the consumer through the cold flow outlet, and the liquid is discharged through the condensate drain.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the low efficiency due to mixing and entrainment of the axial flow of the liquid phase.

 The present invention solves the technical problem of increasing the efficiency of the method of separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds and a device for its implementation, reducing metal consumption and reducing energy consumption by lowering the temperature of separation of the mixture.

 This problem is solved by the fact that in the method of separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds by heating them at high speeds under pressure exceeding the vapor pressure of the product at a given temperature by at least 0.5 atm, followed by separation of the vapor-liquid mixture and separation of low-boiling components, according to the invention, heating the hydrocarbon-containing the mixture is carried out to the boiling point of the low-boiling component, and the subsequent separation of low-boiling and high-boiling components is carried out with an additional heating due to friction and swirling the flow in the energy separator with the separation of low-boiling components in the cavity of the vortex tube.

 This problem is also solved by the fact that in the known device for separating hydrocarbon-containing mixtures, including a casing with a pipe placed therein, fixed in a tube plate and provided with an energy separator having spiral interconnections forming helical channels, cold and hot flow chambers, the last of which is introduced the lower end of the pipe, and the hot flow chamber is made in the form of two truncated cones mated with large bases, while the upper cone is made with double taper, the upper end of the pipe made expanding upward and serves as a cold flow chamber, an inlet pipe, cold and hot flow outlets, according to the invention, the screw channels of the energy separator are made in the form of an aerodynamic wing with a width alternately tapering and expanding along the length of the channel.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the device; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

 The proposed device for separating hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds according to boiling points comprises a casing 1 with a pipe 2 placed therein, fixed in a tube plate 3 and provided with a disk energy separator 4 having spiral baffles 5, forming on the surface of the energy separator 4 screw channels 6 made in the form of aerodynamic wings with a width alternately expanding and tapering along the entire length of the channel, a hot flow chamber 7, made in the form of an upper truncated ca 8 with double conicity and a lower truncated cone 9. The upper end of tube 2 made expandable, serves cold flow chamber 10, an input pipe and a hydrocarbon mixture of compound 11 is withdrawn cold stream 12, hot discharge stream 13.

 The claimed method in the described device is as follows. The flow of the hydrocarbon-containing mixture or compound is preheated to the boiling point of the low-boiling component under pressure not less than 0.5 atm, the vapor pressure of the product at this temperature through the inlet pipe 11 enters the casing 1 and then into the energy separator 4, which passes through the screw channels 6, made in the form of an aerodynamic wing with a width narrowing expanding along the entire length of the channel. When passing through the constrictions, the mixture or compound due to friction forces additionally heats up and adiabatically boils, the formation of bubbles of the low-boiling component occurs, in the expansion of channel 6, the pressure drops, the bubbles coarsen, the low-boiling component is separated when the flow swirls. Bubbles of the low-boiling component diffuse into the axial part of the pipe 2, forming an axial flow, which is discharged through the cold flow outlet 12 and liquid is discharged through the lower outlet 13.

Example 1. The regeneration of the solvent. The filtrate with a solvent content of MEK with toluene up to 85% is preheated to 78 ^° C and a pressure exceeding vapor pressure of at least 0.5 atm, the low-boiling component is released; upon preliminary heating to the boiling temperature of the next component, for example, 110 ^o C (toluene) in the energy separator 4 of the vortex apparatus, the release of MEK + toluene begins. At a heating temperature of 140 ^{° C.} , the maximum solvent evolution occurs, which is discharged in the form of an axial flow through the outlet 12 of pipe 2. Figure 3 shows the dependence of the solvent evolution on the boiling point. The graph shows that when the temperature reaches 140 ^o C up to 14% of the solvent. Reducing the solvent content in the filtrate can significantly reduce the supply of sharp steam to the stripping column during the regeneration of the solvent in the process of dewaxing of oils. Compared with the prototype, the proposed separation method and device for its implementation are more effective, since there is no displacement and entrainment by the axial flow of the liquid phase, which results in a clearer separation of low-boiling and high-boiling components.

 Example 2. Analogously to example 1, tests were carried out with a filtrate containing 85% solvent of acetone-benzene-toluene, 15% of the oil, 14% of the solvent was isolated.

 Example 3. Similarly to examples 1 and 2. The filtrate containing acetone-naphtha. Allocated 14% of the solvent.

 Example 4. A filtrate containing methylene chloride-acetone. Allocated 14% of the solvent.

 Example 5. The filtrate containing acetone-2-ethylhexanol. Allocated to 14 wt.% Solvent.

 Example 6. The filtrate containing acetone-carbon tetrachloride. Allocated to 14 wt.% Solvent.

 Example 7. A filtrate containing acetone-tetrahydronaphthalene. Allocated to 14 wt.% Solvent.

 Example 8. A filtrate containing acetone-diamyl sulfide. Allocated 14 wt.% Solvent.

 Similarly to examples 1-8, tests were carried out of the filtrate containing solvents based on MiBK, liquefied propane, based on aliphatic chlorine derivatives of naphtha, etc.

 Example 9. Regeneration of monoethanolamine (MEA).

10% MEA solution saturated with acid gases up to 27 vol.% Composition; hydrogen sulfide - 3 vol.%, carbon dioxide - 1.43 vol.%, oxygen - 0.16 vol.%, nitrogen - 19.92 vol.%, methane - 34.84 vol.%, ethane - 15.44 vol. %, propane - 17.64 vol.%, isobutane - 2.17 vol.%, n-butane - 4.64 vol.%, isopentane - 1.17 vol.%, n-pentane - 1.03 vol. %, hexane - 0.40 vol.% pre-heated to a temperature of 80-95 ^o C. The heated compound enters the casing 1 of the vortex apparatus, then to the energy separator 4, where it is additionally heated by friction in the narrowing of the channels 6 of the energy separator 4 and adiabatically boils in the extensions of the channels 6 with a sharp drop in pressure with the release of hydrogen sulfide, which in the form of an axis the new flow through the outlet 12 of the pipe 2 is removed from the apparatus. A regenerated MEA monoethanolamine solution with a saturated hydrogen sulfide content of up to 10-12% is discharged through branch 13.

 Thus, the present invention provides selective separation of components at low energy consumption compared with the prototype, in which to isolate a single component or separation into components, the hydrocarbon-containing mixture or compound is heated to the boiling point of the mixture, followed by distillation.

 The separation method of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and a device for its implementation can be used in oil refining, chemical, oil production and other sectors of the economy, where it is necessary to separate complex liquid and gas mixtures and compounds into components with minimal energy consumption.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds, including heating them at high speeds under pressure exceeding the vapor pressure of the product at a given temperature of not less than 0.5 atm, followed by separation of the vapor-liquid mixture and separation of low-boiling components, characterized in that the heating of the hydrocarbon-containing mixture or the compounds are carried out to the boiling point of the low-boiling component, and the subsequent separation of low-boiling and high-boiling components is carried out with additional heating due to friction and swirl of the flow in the energy separator.  2. The method of separation of hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of low-boiling components is carried out in the vortex tube cavity.  3. A device for separating hydrocarbon-containing mixtures and compounds, comprising a casing with a vortex tube placed therein, fixed in a tube plate and provided with an energy separator having spiral baffles forming helical channels, cold and hot flow chambers, the lower end of the vortex tube being introduced into the last one moreover, the hot flow chamber is made in the form of two truncated cones, conjugated by large bases, while the upper cone is made with double taper, and the upper end of the vortex tube is made ene expanding upward and is a chamber cold stream entering pipe bends and hot and cold flows, characterized in that the screw channels are configured energorazdelitelya alternately convergent and divergent along the channel width.

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