RU2198308C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to internal combustion engines. Proposed internal combustion engine comprises at least three operating cylinders filled with liquid. Lower part of cylinders is placed in communication with hydraulic drive of output shaft in form of hydraulic turbine and flywheel. Each cylinder has compression chamber and it is connected by two different main lines i.e. power generating and drain ones, with makeup reservoir located after hydraulic turbine. Compression chambers, in their lower parts, are connected with cylinders in form of communicating vessels and with makeup reservoir through compression main in which hydraulic pump is mounted on output shaft of hydraulic turbine and pump with starter is installed. Compression chambers, in their upper parts, are additionally placed in communication with cylinders by means of fuel mixture supply branch pipes. Cylinders and compression chambers are heat insulated from inner side and are furnished with floats with heat insulated surface. Floats are installed on rods with clearances. Heat insulation of cylinders. Chambers and floats has layer of flow heat capacity material in contact with working media. EFFECT: improved efficiency and no adverse effect on environment. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to heat engineering, and in particular to internal combustion engines (ICE) with a hydraulic drive of the output shaft, and can be used in the energy sector to generate electricity and heat, as well as in transport engineering.

 Known internal combustion engines with a hydraulic drive of the output shaft, containing at least two working cylinders partially filled with liquid, a power system, ignition and gas exchange, in which the hydraulic drive of the output shaft is made in the form of a crank mechanism or in the form of a hydraulic turbine [see for example, UK patent 1380739, MKI F 02 B 75/32, 1975, RF patent 2006622, MKI F 02 B 71/04, 1994].

Known ICEs have the following disadvantages:
- low efficiency (35-38%), due to losses to overcome friction, heat losses to cool water and with exhaust gases;
- high costs of operation, maintenance and repair;
- limited efficiency (Efficiency), due to incomplete combustion of fuel;
- low motor resource.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is an internal combustion engine containing working cylinders filled with liquid with ignition and exhaust systems, the lower part of which is connected to the hydraulic drive of the output shaft in the form of a hydraulic turbine and a flywheel, which also has a power system in in the form of a pneumatic line with an air supercharger and fuel dispensers, moreover, a receiver is installed as an air supercharger, the number of working cylinders is not less than d vuh and each of them is connected by individual nozzles both to the inlet and to the outlet of the hydraulic turbine [see p. RF 2042844, MKI F 02 B 71/04, publ. 08/27/95, b. 24].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:
- low efficiency (40-43%), due to losses to overcome friction in the receiver, heat losses due to cooling water and with exhaust gases; the presence of "dead space" in the working cylinders and a limited compression ratio (ε = 7 ÷ 10) of an internal combustion engine operating as a carburetor engine - with heat supply at a constant volume;
- high material consumption (increased wall thickness) due to the need to increase the mechanical strength of the engine, experiencing sudden pressure surges.

 Note: "dead space" is such a volume of the working cylinder from which it is impossible to remove combustion products, diluting a fresh portion of the combustible mixture and reducing combustion efficiency.

 The objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine due to the implementation of the process of supplying heat at constant pressure and reduce heat loss.

 The problem is solved in that in the known internal combustion engine containing working cylinders filled with liquid, with ignition and exhaust gas discharge systems, the lower part of which is connected to the hydraulic drive of the output shaft in the form of a hydraulic turbine and a flywheel, which also has a power system in the form of a pneumatic line with according to the invention, it comprises at least three working cylinders, each of which is equipped with a compression chamber and connected by two different mains alyami - energoobrazuyuschey and drain - a popolnitelnoy container placed after the hydraulic turbine; the compression chambers in the lower part are connected to the working cylinders by the type of communicating vessels and with a replenishment tank through a compression line in which the hydraulic pump is mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic turbine and a pump with a starter is installed, and in the upper part the compression chambers are additionally connected to the working cylinders with nozzles for supplying a combustible mixture moreover, the power system with an air blower - fan is attached to the upper part of the compression chambers; working cylinders and compression chambers are thermally insulated from the inside and equipped with floats with a thermally insulated surface mounted on rods with gaps.

 In an internal combustion engine according to the invention, the number of working cylinders is 3n, where n = 1 ÷ 10.

 In the internal combustion engine according to the invention, the thermal insulation of the working cylinders, compression chambers and floats contains a layer of material with low heat capacity in contact with the working media.

 In an internal combustion engine according to the invention, each ignition system of the working cylinders is protected by a sealing pair formed by recesses on their inner surface and protrusions on the floats.

 The proposed ICE design makes it possible to carry out the combustion process as a diesel engine at constant pressure due to the gradual supply of the combustible mixture into the working cylinders by bubbling it through a liquid layer, which allows to increase the degree of compression and increases the efficiency. In addition, an increase in efficiency is also achieved by reducing heat loss due to the effective thermal insulation of the walls of the equipment and the liquid mirror.

 Analysis of the known technical solutions allows us to conclude that the claimed invention is unknown from the level of the studied technology, which indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

 The essence of the claimed invention for a specialist does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The possibility of manufacturing an internal combustion engine from predominantly commercially available parts and devices indicates that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The drawings schematically represent the claimed internal combustion engine, where in Fig.1 is a General view of the internal combustion engine;
figure 2 is a fragment of a detailed diagram of the connection of the working cylinders and compression chambers.

Designations in the figures:
1 - working cylinders
2 - ignition systems (candles)
3 - exhaust system
4 - output shaft of a hydraulic turbine
5 - hydroturbine
6 - flywheel
7 - power system (pneumatic line)
8 - air blower (fan)
9 - fuel dispensers
10 - compression chambers
11 - fluid flow channels
12 - energy-generating highway
13 - drain line
14 - drain pipes
15 - refill capacity
16 - compression line
17 - hydraulic pump
18 - nozzles for supplying a combustible mixture
19 - floats
20 - stocks
21 - electric generator
22 - pump with starter
23, 24 - gate valves
25 - exhaust valves fluid working cylinders
26 - inlet valves of the power system
27 - exhaust valves exhaust system
28 - inlet-outlet valves of compression chambers
29, 30 - fluid flow valves
31, 32 - exhaust valves of the drain system of the working cylinders
33 - valves for supplying a combustible mixture from compression chambers to working cylinders.

 The claimed internal combustion engine consists of working cylinders 1 filled with a liquid, the number of which is at least three or may be 3n (where n = 1 ÷ 10, and the number n can be unlimited, and n = 10 is chosen from economic feasibility). The working cylinders 1 are equipped with compression chambers 10, with which in the lower part they are connected by the type of communicating vessels through the channels of fluid flow 11, and in the upper part by nozzles for supplying the combustible mixture 18. The working cylinders 1 are also connected to the replenishment tank 15 with two different lines: energy generating 12 and drain 13 through drain pipes 14. The lower part of the working cylinders 1 is connected with the hydraulic drive of the output shaft 4 of the hydraulic turbine 5, which are located in the energy-generating line 12. A flywheel is also located on the shaft 4. Comp essionnye chamber 10 coupled to container 15 via popolnitelnoy compression line 16, in which the pump starter 22. On the output shaft 5 of hydraulic turbine is installed, for example, an electric generator 21 (or other energy converter) hydraulic pump 17 on the output shaft 5 and the water turbine 4 is mounted is installed. Ignition systems 2 (candles) are mounted in the upper part of the working cylinders 1. The power supply system 7 in the form of a pneumatic line with an air blower - fan 8 and fuel dispensers 9 is connected to the upper part of the compression chambers 10. The working cylinders 1 and compression chambers 10 are equipped with floats 19 installed with gaps relative to the surfaces of the cylinders 1 and chambers 10, on the rods 20. The working cylinders 1, compression chambers 10 and floats 19 are thermally insulated, and thermal insulation (layer of heat-resistant concrete with a thickness of 0.005 m or quartz sand Single fractions 0.0005 m) comprises contacting working media layer of material with low heat capacity (e.g., stainless steel layer of 0.001 m thick). Each ignition system 2 of the working cylinders 1 is protected by a sealing pair formed by recesses on the inner surface of the cylinders 1 and protrusions on the floats 19.

 The proposed internal combustion engine operates as follows. Each ICE system (working cylinder + compression chamber) during operation passes sequentially three cycles: working stroke, compression, inlet-outlet.

 Working stroke - from the compression chamber, the prepared combustible mixture gradually enters the working cylinder, sparging through a layer of liquid, ignites and burns while maintaining the pressure constant. At the same time, the fluid is squeezed out onto the turbine, setting it in motion.

 Inlet-outlet - a fresh portion of the combustible mixture is fed into the compression chamber, squeezing the liquid into the working cylinder, from which exhaust gases are simultaneously discharged, i.e. intake and exhaust processes take place in different volumes, which eliminates the "dead space".

 Compression - the hydraulic pump pumps the liquid into the compression chamber, in which the compression of the combustible mixture occurs under the influence of this liquid (ε = 15).

 In this case, the following situations arise.

 1. The first system is a stroke, the second system is compression; the third system is inlet-outlet.

 2. The first system is inlet-outlet; the second system is the stroke, the third system is compression.

 3. The first system is compression, the second system is inlet-outlet, the third system is a stroke.

 Example. The operation of the internal combustion engine on natural gas. Starting the internal combustion engine was carried out as follows.

 The liquid level sensors (not shown) set the height of the liquid column in all compression chambers 10 at the upper level (without the presence of "dead space"), and in all working cylinders 1 at the lower level.

 The valve 23 was closed, the pump with the starter 22 was turned on, the valve 24 was opened and the fan 8 was started. The start was made first by the working cylinder 1 of the first working system (in Fig. 1 the left system). In the manual control mode, a “intake-output” cycle was performed (see description below). Next, the engine was transferred to automatic mode and began to carry out working cycles.

 During the inlet-outlet cycle, with the help of fan 8, compressed air at a pressure of 2 kPa was supplied through the pneumatic line 7 to the compression chamber 10 (chamber volume 0.06 cubic meters, diameter 0.6 m) through the inlet valve 26, to which simultaneously fuel dispenser 9 was supplied in a stoichiometric ratio of natural gas. In this case, the valves 25, 28, 31, 32 and 33 are closed, and the valves 26, 27, 29 and 30 are open. The compression chamber 10 was filled with a combustible mixture to a depth of 0.2 m. The engine system “working cylinder 1 + compression chamber 10” at that moment was a communicating vessel with balanced pressure. The exhaust gases from the working cylinder 1 through the exhaust valve 27 were discharged into the system 3.

 The “compression” stroke was carried out in the compression chamber 10 by supplying liquid from the replenishment tank 15 with the help of a hydraulic pump 17 through the open gate valve 23 and valve 28. Moreover, all other valves — 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 were closed. The pressure of the combustible mixture was 4.4 MPa, equal to the pressure developed by the hydraulic pump 17, and the compression ratio ε = 15.

 The stroke "working stroke" began after opening the valves 33, 31 and 32. In this case, the compressed gas fuel mixture from the compression chamber 10 through the valve 33 entered the working cylinder 1 (cylinder volume 0.06 cubic meters, diameter 0.6 m), sparging through a layer of liquid in it and displacing the latter into the replenishment tank 15 through open valves 31, 32 and line 13. During filling of the working cylinder 1 with a combustible gas mixture, an electric pulse was supplied to the candle 2, igniting the combustible mixture. At the same time, the automatic valves 28, 31, 32 and 33 were closed, and the valve 25 was opened. During combustion of the combustible mixture in the working cylinder 1, liquid was displaced through the valve 25 into the energy-generating line 12 onto the blades of the hydraulic turbine 5, rotating the flywheel 6 and the electric generator 21. Sparging the bubbles of the compressed combustible mixture stretched the combustion process in time and allowed heat to be supplied at approximately constant pressure i.e. by type of diesel engine.

 At the end of the “stroke” stroke, the “intake-release” cycle began again.

 The operation of valves, valves and other working bodies was controlled by an automated system according to a given algorithm.

The use of the claimed internal combustion engine compared with the known internal combustion engine, taken as a prototype [see p. RF 2042844, MKI F 02 B 71/04, publ. 08/27/95, b. 24], provides the following technical and socially useful benefits:
- increase in efficiency to 59 - 68% due to: exclusion of "dead space"(3-6%); heat loss reduction (10-12%); the implementation of heat supply at constant pressure (6-8%);
- decrease in material consumption;
- creation of internal combustion engines of a wide power range;
- improving environmental friendliness by ensuring the completeness of combustion of the combustible mixture.

Claims (4)

 1. An internal combustion engine containing liquid-filled working cylinders with ignition and exhaust gas discharge systems, the lower part of which is connected to the hydraulic drive of the output shaft in the form of a hydraulic turbine and a flywheel, which also has a pneumatic supply system with an air blower and fuel dispensers, characterized in that it contains at least three working cylinders, each of which is equipped with a compression chamber and is connected by two different highways - energy generating and drain - with a replenishment a new tank located after the hydraulic turbine; the compression chambers in the lower part are connected to the working cylinders by the type of communicating vessels and with a replenishment tank through a compression line in which the hydraulic pump is mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic turbine and a pump with a starter is installed, and in the upper part the compression chambers are additionally connected to the working cylinders with nozzles for supplying a combustible mixture moreover, the power system with an air blower - fan is attached to the upper part of the compression chambers; working cylinders and compression chambers are thermally insulated from the inside and equipped with floats with a thermally insulated surface mounted on rods with gaps.  2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of working cylinders is 3n, where n = 1-10.  3. An internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the thermal insulation of the working cylinders, compression chambers and floats contains a layer of material with low heat capacity in contact with the working media.  4. The internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each ignition system of the working cylinders is protected by a sealing pair formed by recesses on their inner surface and protrusions on the floats.

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