RU2194427C2 - Jewelry and decorative article manufacture method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artistic metal working. SUBSTANCE: method involves depositing chemically stable coat on surface of article; forming decorative picture on coat layer with pointed blade and deepening surface portions by etching article surface free from chemically stable coat; repeatedly forming decorative pattern on article surface; locating article into electroplating bath and filling deepened portions of surface with different finishing materials to basic surface level after each decorative picture formation process. Article surface may be processed with acids or subjected to thermal treatment till changing color of finishing materials and engraved. Method is used for manufacture of armament, church plates, monumental sculptures as well as for decorative working of surfaces with compound relief structure. EFFECT: reduced labor intensity and improved quality of articles. 4 cl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for the artistic processing of metals and can be used in jewelry production, in the manufacture of weapons, church utensils, as well as in monumental sculpture.

 There is a wide variety of methods for applying a decorative pattern to the surface of metal products (L. A. Gutov and M. K. Nikitin "Handbook of the artistic processing of metals", St. Petersburg: "Polytechnic", pp. 327-335, 369-373).

 The present invention relates to methods using electroplating, which is widely used in jewelry production (V. I. Marchenkov "Jewelcrafting", M .: Higher school, 1984, p. 183). Electroplating is used both to protect the surface of the product from mechanical wear, and to give the product more decorative and attractiveness.

 Thus, the German patent for invention 19521323 dated 06/12/95, IPC C 25 D, 15/00, A 44 C, 27/00, protects the method of plating on the metal surface of the part. Coating reduces friction and wear.

 There is also a method of manufacturing a wristwatch with electroplating according to the patent for the invention of Great Britain 02324022 from 04/10/97, IPC A 44 C 27/00. According to the patent, the bracelet blank is lowered into a plating bath, where only the outer surfaces of the bracelet links are coated with a layer of precious metal.

 Electroplating is also used to create a decorative pattern on the surface of a metal product. A decorative pattern is applied to the surface of the product, then etched (falls below the main plane of the product), then the painting is coated with a thin layer of another metal in a galvanic manner (see the above "Reference", page 331). In a similar way, you can etch the background, and leave the picture at the level of the plane of the product.

 Such a product will not have a smooth polished multi-colored surface, and a thin galvanic layer does not allow the use of engraving, which narrows the decorative possibilities of the method.

 There is a known method of the so-called "northern mob" (T.I. Makarova "Root case of Ancient Russia", M .: "Science", 1986). In accordance with this method, the pattern is applied by sampling the surface (pattern or background) with the help of styli of various configurations or engraving. The difference in levels between the background and the pattern can also be obtained by the method of coinage, omitting the background with coins of various configurations. Unlike the previous method, the resulting recesses are filled with an alloy of silver, copper, sulfur and other components. Filling takes place to the level of the main plane, followed by polishing the entire product.

 The disadvantage of this method is the low strength of the decorative finish, since the inserts are chipped when the surface is poorly prepared and when the product is deformed. The method eliminates the possibility of using engraving, as well as heat treatment to obtain the colors of discoloration, which narrows the color palette of the decor. All these disadvantages exclude the use of the method in monumental and volumetric spatial compositions.

 The decorative effect that is the same with the proposed method can be obtained by the "notch" method (mortise tousing, see the "Directory", p. 368), which is especially common in the design of weapons. In accordance with this method, an in-depth pattern is engraved on the surface of the product, the edges of the pattern being beneath the edge of the surface. Then, the finishing metal is flushed into the recess with a hammer flush with the surface. Such a product has the effect of a smooth polished surface, consisting of metals of different colors.

 The method requires a large consumption of finishing, usually precious materials. In addition, products made in this way are not subject to heat treatment due to the voltage difference of the metals. The method is not applicable for complex three-dimensional forms (sculptures, small jewelry plastic).

 The closest solution to the claimed one can be considered the method according to the application of Japan 62-17559 from 01.02.83, IPC B 44 C 1/22, C 23 F 1/00. According to this method, on the surface of a zinc or poor plate treated with a corrosion-resistant coating, the required pattern is made in double lines with a steel pen. Then remove the anti-corrosion coating from the areas of the picture and immerse the plate in the etching solution. The result is a recess in the place of drawing. The recesses are filled with resin, in which precious stones or other decorative ornaments are laid, raising the plane of the picture to the main plane of the product.

 The method is very time-consuming and has limited decorative capabilities, in particular, it eliminates the decoration of a complex surface, such as chalices, sculptures, including monumental ones.

 The known method according to patent DE 3802872 A1, class. At 44 C 1/00.

 According to the method, a protective mask is applied to the surface of the workpiece by screen printing in accordance with the figure. The remaining surface is coated with acid resistant paint. Next, the pattern is etched, and then filled with decorative metal.

 A similar method is also not suitable for surfaces of complex configuration.

 The objective of the proposed solution is to reduce the complexity in the decorative processing of surfaces with complex relief structure.

 To solve the problem in a method of manufacturing jewelry or decorative products, including the operation of applying a chemically resistant coating to the surface of the product, performing a decorative pen on the coating layer with a sharp pen and deepening surface areas by etching the surface of the product free of chemically resistant coating, a decorative pattern is applied to the surface of the product performed repeatedly, after each drawing operation, the product is placed in a galvanic bath and filled in-depth sections of the ited surfacing different metals to a level of the main surface.

 The surface of such a product can be further treated with acids or heat treated until the color of the finishing metals changes.

 You can also engrave such a surface of the product.

 The proposed sequence of product processing greatly simplifies the process and makes it possible to decorative processing of products with complex relief structure. The method allows to obtain a strong connection of several metals. Due to the strength of the connection, the product can be processed thermally or with acids, which allows you to expand the decorative palette on the surface of the product.

 The method is as follows.

 Before decorative processing, the surface of the metal product is carefully polished, then the entire surface is covered with a thin layer of a chemically resistant coating - a “mask”, for example, bitumen varnish.

 According to the applied coating layer, a drawing or composition, conceived by the artist, is scratched with a needle, a sharp pen or a stylus. In this form, the product is placed in an etching bath, where metal is etched to a predetermined depth, which is not covered by a "mask", that is, free from a chemically resistant coating. It turns out an in-depth drawing.

 The etched blank with a pattern is thoroughly washed with running water and immersed in a plating bath, where in the deepened areas the finishing metal is built up to the level of the main plane of the product. As the finishing metal can be gold, silver, copper.

 After a galvanic bath, the mask is washed off, the product is polished and a smooth surface with a decorative pattern of metal of a different color is obtained. The processing technology of the product provides the bond strength of the base and decorative metal, and thus the strength of the entire product is achieved.

 This whole process can be repeated, i.e. a “mask” of a chemically resistant coating is again applied to the surface of the product, the same or different pattern is scratched (both on the main surface and on the decorative part), the pattern is deepened by etching, the recesses are filled with new decorative material. The result is a product inlaid with two different metals.

 The surface strength of such a product allows you to apply additional decorative processing - engraving.

 In addition, such a product can be treated with acids to identify additional decorative properties of metals (one metal, for example, will darken and the other will lighten). The same effect can be achieved by heating the product until the appearance of “discoloration” (a change in the color of the metal under the influence of high temperature).

 Thus, the proposed method of decorative processing of metal products expands the decorative possibilities and reduces the complexity of the process when processing products with a complex relief structure, such as sculptures, including monumental ones, which will make it possible to produce more diverse products and more fully embody the artist’s intention.

 The method can be widely used not only in jewelry, in the manufacture of weapons and church utensils, but also in monumental sculpture. The method is applicable to products made of metal in the technique of casting, forging, molding, embossing, punching.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of manufacturing jewelry or decorative products, including the operation of applying to the surface of the product a chemically resistant coating, performing on the coating layer of the decorative pattern with a sharp pen and deepening the surface by etching the surface of the product free of chemically resistant coating, characterized in that the surface of the product is decorative the drawing is performed repeatedly; after each drawing operation, the product is placed in a galvanic bath and deep sections of the surface are filled with various with finishing materials to the level of the main surface.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the surface of the product is treated with acids until the color of the finishing metals changes.  3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the product is subjected to heat treatment until the color of the finishing metals.  4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the surface of the product is engraved.