RU2191954C2 - Induction electric heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: preparation of hot water for technological purposes; hot water supply systems for buildings where storage-type electric heater is load-regulator of electrical lead-in or supply transformer substation. SUBSTANCE: induction electric water heater includes inductor and ferromagnetic tube embraced by this inductor; said ferromagnetic tube is connected with cold and warm water pipe lines; besides that, four tubes are mounted additionally which are located coaxially relative to one another forming inner, center and outer reservoirs; inductors are located in gaps between inner and center reservoirs, between center and outer reservoirs; inner reservoir is connected with hot water pipe line. EFFECT: enhanced operational efficiency due to combination of positive properties of flow-through and storage-type water heaters. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a technique for producing hot water for technological needs, for example, for hot water supply to a bathroom and kitchen of cottages, individual apartments of multi-storey buildings, in which an accumulator electric heater is a consumer-regulator of a power input or a supply transformer substation.

 Known induction heater [1], which is a multi-turn inductor, covering the outside of a heated ferromagnetic pipe with water.

 The main disadvantage of this water heater is that when using a pipe of small diameter and high power inductor, the water will heat up quickly (in a few minutes) and the water heater will be instantaneous. Such a water heater cannot operate as a consumer-regulator of a power input or a supply transformer substation. When using a pipe of large diameter or long length, the water heater will be accumulative (it can operate in the consumer-regulator mode) and the temperature of the water after it is filled with cold water will reach the required value after a long time (several hours). The induction water heater pipe is usually not thermally insulated, because maintainability of the water heater will decrease, which is also a significant drawback.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a water heater by combining the positive qualities of instantaneous and storage water heaters (quick heating of a small volume of water, heating a large volume of water in the consumer-controller mode).

 The problem is solved in that the water heater additionally contains four pipes that are arranged coaxially with each other to form inner, middle and outer tanks, while the inductors are located in the gaps between the inner and middle, between the middle and outer tanks, and the inner tank is connected to the hot water supply water.

Figure 1 schematically shows a section of a water heater;
figure 2 shows a view A (top view) of the water heater.

 Induction electric heater 1 for heating water 2 consists of three tanks 3, 4 and 5 - cold, warm and hot water, respectively. An inductor 10 is laid between the walls 6 and 7 (made of ferromagnetic material) of the capacities 5 and 4, and an inductor 11 is placed between the walls 8 and 9 (also made of the ferromagnetic material) of the capacities 4 and 3.

 Capacity 3 is a cold water reservoir and is connected to a cold water supply 12. Capacity 4 is a reservoir of warm water and is connected to a warm water supply 13. Capacity 5 is a hot water tank and is connected to a hot water supply 14.

 Each inductor can be made in the form of several windings. For example, the inductor 11 can be made as follows: the first winding is located closer to the wall 9 of the vessel 3, the second - to the wall 8 of the vessel 4. To insulate the vessel 3 from the vessel 4 and the vessel 4 from the vessel 5, the space between the walls 6 not occupied by the inductors 10 and 11 and 7, as well as between walls 8 and 9, can be filled with thermal insulation (not shown), for example, polystyrene foam balls.

 The outlet of the warm water pipe 13 is usually connected to a hot water tap in the bathroom (not shown), and the outlet of the hot water pipe 14 is usually connected to a hot water tap in the kitchen (not shown). The tank 3 may have thermal insulation (not shown). The hot water pipe 14 can also be connected to a hot water tap in the bathroom, for example, through a switching device (not shown) that connects the tap to either the hot water pipe 13 or the hot water pipe 14. If necessary, the water heater 1 can generally no warm water pipe 13.

 The device operates as follows.

 From the cold water supply 12, water is supplied to the tank 3. When a voltage is applied, an alternating magnetic flux created by the induction winding 11 induces eddy currents in the ferromagnetic material of the walls of the capacities 3 and 4, which heat these walls. Cold water, washing the hot surfaces of tanks 3 and 4, heats up and rises, from where it is disassembled by consumers through a warm water pipeline 13.

 When voltage is applied to the inductor 10, an alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the ferromagnetic material of the walls of the capacities 5 and 4, which heat these walls. Water preheated with an inductor 11, washing the hot surfaces of containers 5 and 4, is heated and rises, from where it is disassembled by consumers through pipelines of hot water 14 and warm water 13.

 When the specified electric heater is operating in the consumer-regulator mode to equalize the load curve of the energy input of the cottage or the supply transformer substation (regional or consumer), for example, when introducing a three-tariff meter for metering electric energy, inductors 10 and 11 can be made in the form of several windings.

 The minimum power is consumed when the winding of the inductor 10 is turned on, located closer to the wall 6 of the capacitance 5 during peak hours at the morning and evening maximum loads (maximum electricity tariff). At the basic tariff for electricity, large power is used (for example, two windings of the inductor 10 are included). During the hours of the failure of the load schedule, when the water consumption is minimal or there is none at all, the water heater works in accumulation mode. Since the preferential tariff is valid at this time, the inductors are turned on at full capacity.

 Two temperature controllers (not shown) can be used in a water heater: one controls the temperature of heating the water in the tank 4, the other in the tank 5. The inclusion of only one winding of the inductor 10, located closer to the wall 6 of the tank 5, is advisable in the case when the water in capacity 5 was heated to a predetermined temperature and after a while it cooled down and you need to reheat it.

 The invention improves the efficiency of an electric water heater by combining the positive qualities of storage and instantaneous water heaters. Since the inductor is located inside the water heater, all the released thermal energy will be used to heat the water, and not be spent partially in the environment, as in traditional induction water heaters. The hot water tank is located inside the warm water tank, so the flow of thermal energy from the hot water tank will go to warm the water.

 The technical implementation of the patented induction electric water heater is not in doubt, for example, in cottages with a three-phase single energy input (~ 3N, 380 V, 50 Hz), where the heating, air exchange, hot water and household processes are electrified. In such cottages, the proposed electric heater can be used instead of the common scheme of hot water supply using a flowing water heater for the kitchen and an accumulator water heater for the bathroom.

Sourse of information
1. Electrotechnology Basov AM et al., Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1985, p. 75.

Claims (1)

 An induction electric heater comprising an inductor and a ferromagnetic pipe covered by it, connected to cold and warm water pipelines, characterized in that four pipes are additionally installed in the water heater, which are arranged coaxially to each other to form internal, middle and external capacities, while the inductors are located in the gaps between the inner and middle, between the middle and outer tanks, and the inner tank is connected to the hot water supply.

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