RU218971U1 - DEVICE FOR REMOVING FIBROUS MATERIAL WITH LATERAL CUTTING PAIRS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to extraction equipment, in particular to clamshell grips, which is designed to carry out mechanized extraction from an array of fibrous material with minimal impact on the structural characteristics of the portion being removed. Violation of the structural properties is minimized in order to maintain the performance properties of the raw material. The technical result is to minimize the violation of the structural properties of the fibrous material in the captured portion of the material. The device for extracting fibrous material with lateral cutting pairs is equipped with a bayonet, which allows processing a portion of fibrous material along the entire lateral surface, and, together with knives, implements oblique cutting of fibers when the jaws are closed. This eliminates the possibility of the presence of unfinished side zones in a portion of the material and provides an equal cut along the entire contour of the side surface.

Description

The utility model relates to extraction equipment, in particular to clamshell grips, which is designed to carry out mechanized extraction from an array of fibrous material with minimal impact on the structural characteristics of the portion being removed. Violation of the structural properties is minimized in order to maintain the performance properties of the raw material.

A device for cutting and loading fodder is known (patent RU No. 2698 U1, publ. 09/16/1996), intended for mechanization of work in agriculture: partial cutting and loading of fodder material. The device consists of a clamshell gripper made in the form of forked jaws, the gripper is pivotally attached to the mounting frame. The device is equipped with a vertically oriented cutting element, the blade of which has a toothed profile, and the cutting edges of the profile have a different angle of inclination. In the process of operation, the considered device is directed to the edge of the fodder array. The cutting element during operation performs an oscillatory movement through the operation of an eccentric movement mechanism and a rotational movement due to the operation of the hydraulic motor in a plane oriented normally relative to the axis of rotation of the clamshell jaws.

The disadvantage of the design is the open jaws on the sides of the clamshell grip, which can lead to loss of material during excavation and loading. Moreover, the cutting of the material is carried out only on one side, which leads to the need to separate the unprocessed part of the capture volume from the total array on the other side, which can lead to a significant violation of the structural properties of the raw material.

A device for transplanting fodder material is known (patent RU No. 2508626, publ. 03/10/2014), designed to extract undergrowth by machine. It contains two identical jaws that are shaped like a quarter of a sphere. The jaw is formed by vertically mounted curved forks of various radii, which are parallel to each other in the horizontal plane. The jaws are mounted on the carrier body and can be rotated around a horizontal axis of rotation passing through the carrier body. An auger is installed on the carrier body, which can rotate around its vertical axis. A support platform is installed at the base of the body.

The disadvantage of the design is the low rigidity due to the cantilevered location of the support platform relative to the mechanism of attachment to the manipulator. The penetration of the screw into the fibrous material does not provide sufficient counteraction to the force of penetration of the jaws during closing.

A device is known for capturing assortments and replanting undergrowth (patent RU 2213690, publ. 10.10.2003), designed to perform loading and unloading operations when hauling assortments and works related to replanting undergrowth by machine. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the body of the grab for closing the jaws, which have two teeth. The jaws are interconnected by knives and form a half-cylinder capacity. When the grab is in operation, the device in the open position of the gripping jaws is aimed at the undergrowth, by means of a hydraulic cylinder, the plates with teeth fixed on the side axes are rotated, which overlap each other in the closed position.

The disadvantage of this device is the overlap of the teeth in the closed position, which reduces the amount of material removed in one technological cycle. The presence of knives between the teeth increases the required force for the introduction of working elements into the soil mass. The processing of the material from the lateral sides is insufficient: more than half of the lateral surface area retains natural structural characteristics, which will lead to their violation when the soil is separated from the array.

Known working body for digging undergrowth (patent RU 2155473, publ. 09.10.200), which includes a housing, on the axes of which are two identical knives. In the closed position, the knives form the shape of a hollow hemisphere. The bases of the knives are rigidly connected to two parallel horizontal axes installed inside the housing, on which a double-sided toothed rack is placed, rigidly connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder fixed to the housing. On the axes, two gears are installed opposite each other, connected in pairs with other gears, between which a double-sided gear rack is placed. The rail is rigidly connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder fixed on the body.

The disadvantages of this design are: low penetrating ability of the knives into the soil with a fibrous structure with an increased elastic limit. Low manufacturability of the design due to the presence of several gear connections and a hydraulic drive, which are synthesized in one mechanism.

Known grab for the extraction of peat moss raw materials (patent RU No. 161821, publ. 05/10/2015) adopted as a prototype, includes a mounting frame on which are forked jaws with gripping teeth and a hydraulic drive to control the jaws. The jaws are equipped with cutting devices, which are two pairs of cutting plates oriented normally relative to the axis of rotation of the grab jaws, having a cutting edge oriented to the axis of symmetry of the grab. Each cutting device is attached to one of the side teeth of one of the clamshell jaws. The curved cutting edge has the shape of a curve formed by conjugated segments of logarithmic spirals. At the same time, the shape of the cutting edge is such that in the closed state of the jaws, its upper part is convex, and the lower part is concave.

The disadvantage of this design is the presence of untreated side surface zones due to the shape of the cutting tool: in the lower part of the grab there is a zone that can significantly disrupt the structural properties of the removed portion of the material in the process of its separation from the array. The shape of the cutting device in the form of conjugated segments of logarithmic spirals is irrational, since the sliding angle remains constant during the implementation of sliding cutting.

The technical result is to minimize the violation of the structural properties of the fibrous material in the captured portion of the material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that tips are installed at the ends of the gripping teeth with the possibility of removal, left and right knives are installed on the jaws, on which the cutting edge is made inward in the form of a part of the Archimedean spiral, and a plate is installed on the end of the jaw, on the lower surface of which a bayonet is rigidly fixed with an outer cutting edge, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the plate, the synchronizer is fixed at one end on the upper axis, and the other on the pin, the rotator is rigidly fixed on the upper surface of the frame.

A device for removing fibrous material with side cutting pairs is illustrated by the following figures:

fig. 1 - jaw;

fig. 2 – general view of the device with closed jaws;

fig. 3 – 3D model of the device;

fig. 4 - general view of the device with open jaws, where:

1 - frame;

2 – hydraulic cylinder;

3 - synchronizer;

4 - upper axis;

5 - eye;

6 - lower axis;

7 - finger;

8 - gripping tooth;

9 - tip;

10 - plate;

11 - bayonet;

12 - left knife;

13 - right knife;

14 - rotator;

15 - part of the executive equipment of the mining and loading machine.

The device consists of two jaws mounted to each other (Fig. 1-4), which consist of gripping teeth 8, made in the form of a part of a logarithmic spiral, at the ends of which tips 9 are installed with the possibility of removal. The gripping teeth 8 are rigidly fixed on the lower axis 6. The left knife 12 and the right knife 13 are installed on the side forks 8 of each of the two jaws.

From the end sides of the lower axis 6 are installed on the plate 10 with the possibility of rotation of the jaw relative to the junction (Fig. 2, 3). The lower axles 6 are rigidly fixed in the lower holes of the vertically oriented lugs 5. The upper axle 4 is rigidly mounted in the upper holes of the lugs 5. The end of the rod part of the hydraulic cylinder 2 and one of the ends of the synchronizer 3 are installed on the upper axle 4. The end of the piston part of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is mounted on the pin 7 , which is rigidly fixed in the upper holes of the lugs 5 mounted on the lower axis 6 on the opposite jaw. The second end of the synchronizer 3 is hinged on the finger 7, which is installed in the upper holes of the lugs 5, oriented horizontally and installed on the second jaw.

On the lower surface of the plate 10, a bayonet 11 with an outer cutting edge is rigidly fixed, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the plate 10. A frame 1 is installed to the front surface of the plate 10, in the upper part of which the rotator 14 is rigidly fixed.

Device for excavation of fibrous material with side cutting pairs works as follows. The rotator 14 is rigidly fixed with a part of the executive equipment of the mining and loading machine 15 (Fig. 4). When the working fluid is supplied to the rod part of the hydraulic cylinder 2, the upper axis 4 and the pin 7, in which the ends of the hydraulic cylinder 2 are fixed, move towards each other, transferring the movement to the lugs 5, which are fixed on the lower axis 6. Together with the lower axis 6, the gripping teeth 8 rotate with tips 9. The jaws move to the open position. The synchronizer 3, one end of which is fixed on the upper axis 4, and the other end is fixed on the pin 7, is installed in such a way as to ensure a symmetrical rotation of the rotating parts of the device. Rotation occurs until the forks turn 90°. The left knife 12 and the right knife 13 rotate 90° together with the gripping teeth 8.

After opening the jaws, with the help of the executive equipment of the excavation-loading machine, the device is released onto the surface of the array of fibrous material, carrying out the introduction of the gripping teeth 8 with tips 9, the left knife 12, the right knife 13 and the bayonet 11 into the array. The release occurs until the depth of the bayonet 11 to its full height.

When the working fluid is supplied to the piston part of the hydraulic cylinder 2, the upper axle 4 and the pin 7 move opposite sides. The lugs 5 and the lower axle 6 transmit movement to the gripping teeth 8 and the tips 9 mounted on them, the left knives 12 and the right knives 13. When the tips 9 move inside the array, individual fibers are crushed or destroyed, when the left knives 12 and right knives 13 move, with the presence bayonet 11, which acts as an anti-cutting stop, the fibers are cut along the contour of the device. The jaws move to the closed position. Closure occurs before the jaw rotates 90°. A compact compacted block of fibrous material remains between the jaws. After that, the captured material is excavated from the array area to the surface.

The device for extracting fibrous material with lateral cutting pairs is equipped with a bayonet, which allows processing a portion of fibrous material along the entire lateral surface, and, together with knives, implements oblique cutting of fibers when the jaws are closed. This eliminates the possibility of the presence of unfinished side zones in a portion of the material and provides an equal cut along the entire contour of the side surface.

Claims (1)

A device for excavating fibrous material with lateral cutting pairs, comprising a frame, jaws with gripping teeth fixed on the frame, a jaw control drive, cutting means mounted for movement in a plane oriented normally relative to the axis of rotation of the jaws, which are two pairs of cutting plates, each cutting plate has a curved cutting edge, is fastened to one of the lateral teeth of one of the jaws and is located in a plane oriented normally relative to the axis of rotation of the jaws, the cutting plates in each pair in the closed state of the jaws are placed towards each other in space, while each cutting plate installed with the possibility of joint rotation with the lateral tooth fastened to it and cutting when the jaws of the material extracted by it are closed before its excavation, characterized in that tips are installed at the ends of the gripping teeth with the possibility of removal, left and right knives are installed on the jaws, on which the cutting blade is made inside the edge is in the form of a part of an Archimedean spiral, and a plate is installed on the end of the jaw, on the lower surface of which a bayonet with an outer cutting edge is rigidly fixed, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the plate, the synchronizer is fixed at one end on the upper axis, and the other on the finger, on the upper The rotator is rigidly fixed to the frame surface.

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