RU2189155C2 - Method of enriching garlic and root crops with selenium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry, particularly, preparation of food additives and methods of enriching garlic and root crops with selenium. SUBSTANCE: method involves steeping of bulbs and root crops for increasing selenium content in 1-% sodium selenate prepared on electroactive water with pH of 8.0 for 48 h. EFFECT: increased absorption of selenium by plants. 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 8 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of production of food additives, namely, to methods for enriching selenium with garlic and some root crops.

 The trace element selenium enters the human body from the soil through crop and livestock products. Its lack of food is associated with the onset and development of cardiological [1] and a number of oncological diseases [2], leading to weakening of the body against the effects of adverse environmental factors (industrial emissions [3], radiation [4]). One of the methods to optimize the level of micronutrient supply for the population is the use of selenium-enriched food additives: baker's yeast [5], wheat [6], garlic [7], stachis [8]. Selenium-enriched garlic and stachis occupy a special place in this series, since they combine the medicinal properties of the product and the trace element selenium.

The main methods for enriching plants with selenium are:
1) the introduction of selenium salts into the soil along with fertilizers [6] or, in general, cultivation in a medium enriched with selenium (for example, baker's yeast [5]),
2) spraying of plants during the growing season with aqueous solutions of selenium salts [6] and
3) soaking in a solution of selenium salt (garlic bulbs [7]).

 The disadvantages of the first two methods are the duration (the growing time of garlic, for example, is 2 years) and the relative complexity of the processes. In addition, the possibility of unwanted accumulation of selenium in the soil and the creation of toxic concentrations of trace elements for plants over time, especially when liming the soils [9]; unregulated increase in selenium concentration in groundwater is likely.

 The closest analogue of the invention is a method for enriching selenium in garlic bulbs by soaking the latter in a solution of selenium salt [7]. The method allows to obtain bulbs with a trace element content of up to 4 mg / kg dry weight. The method is quick and easy to execute.

 We propose a general method for enriching bulbs of garlic and root crops by soaking the latter in a solution of selenium salt prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0. The proposed method provides at the same processing time as in [7], a more efficient absorption of selenium by plants. In contrast to the method [7], the proposed method does not require the use of sulfur compounds in the process. The effectiveness of the use of electroactivated water in the enrichment of selenium bulbs and root crops is presented in the table. As can be seen from the above data, in comparison with the known method [7], the accumulation of selenium by garlic can be increased by 3.6 times, stachis - by 3.0 times, Jerusalem artichoke - by 2.6 times, and an icon - by 2.2 times, while the amount of micronutrient enrichment in comparison with the initial products is 8.4 (garlic), 391 (stachis), 731 (Jerusalem artichoke), 9.2 (yakon), respectively (the ratio of the content of selenium in the enriched product to the content in the original).

 The data in the table and graph shown in the drawing show the advantage of using electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0 over non-activated (pH 6.7) and water with a pH of 4.0. The studied pH range from 4.0 to 8.0 ensures the preservation of the activity of biological processes in plants, which is necessary for the biotransformation of inorganic selenium into biologically active forms. Outside of this interval, the vital activity of plant cells decreases sharply, as indicated by the deterioration in the ability to grow thus treated bulbs and root crops. The evidence of the biotransformation of inorganic selenium during the soaking process is confirmed by the inclusion of the latter mainly in high molecular weight compounds (see the diagram at the end of the description). Thus, the extraction of selenium-enriched stachis with water and the subsequent separation of high molecular weight compounds and inorganic salts contained in the aqueous extract by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 showed that about 93% of selenium is contained in the high molecular weight fraction.

 To enrich the bulbs and tubers with selenium, a concentration of l, 0% selenic acid sodium was chosen. As can be seen from the drawing, the range of concentrations of selenium salt from 0.5 to 1.0% provides the highest rate of inclusion of selenium by plants. Concentrations above 5.0% lead to inhibition of plant growth, and hence the biological processes necessary for the biotransformation of inorganic selenium.

 Previously, electrolysis water with a pH of more than 7.0 was used to accelerate plant growth and increase yield; the therapeutic effect of the effect of such water on the human body was noted [10-12]. Electrolysis water with a pH of less than 7.0 was used for disinfection [12], for special purposes, for example, preparation of fish food [13]. In the case of enrichment of plants with selenium, electrolysis water was not previously used.

 Example 1. 100 g of purified garlic is poured into 120 ml of a 1.0% solution of sodium selenium acid prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0, and left at room temperature for 48 hours. The solution is drained, the bulbs are washed with 3 • 100 ml of water and dried in air. Bulb content of selenium is 1787 mcg / kg wet weight.

 Example 2. 100 g of purified garlic is poured into 120 ml of a solution of 1.0% NaSeO prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 4.0, and left at room temperature for 48 hours. The solution is drained, the bulbs are washed with 3 • 100 ml of water and dried in air. The selenium content is 1397 μg / kg wet weight.

 Example 3. 50 g of pure stachis nodules are poured into 50 ml of a 1.0% Na SeO solution prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0. After 48 hours, the solution is drained, the root crops are washed with 3 • 50 ml of water and dried in air. The selenium content is 25037 μg / kg.

 Example 4. A similar treatment of stachis nodules with a 1.0% NaSeO solution prepared on electrically activated water with a pH of 4.0 allows to obtain a product with a selenium content of 13476 μg / kg

 Example 5. 250 g of pure Jerusalem artichoke nodules are poured into 350 ml of a 1.0% NaSeO solution prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0. After 48 hours, the solution is drained, root crops are washed with 3 • 100 ml of water and dried in air. The selenium content is 14337 μg / kg.

 Example 6. A similar treatment of Jerusalem artichoke with a 1.0% NaSeO solution prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 4.0 allows to obtain a product with a selenium content of 6098 μg / kg.

 Example 7. 270 pure nodules of the apple are poured into 350 ml of a 1.0% NaSeO solution prepared in electrically activated water with a pH of 8.0. After 48 hours, the solution is drained, the nodules are washed with 3 • 100 ml of water and dried in air. The selenium content is 1102 mcg / kg.

 Example 8. A similar treatment of the icon with a 1.0% NaSeO solution prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 4.0 allows to obtain a product with a selenium content of 650 μg / kg.

Sources of information
1. J. Virtamo, JK. Nittunen "// Ann. C 1in.Res.-1988.-V.22.-P.102-113.

 2. N.J. Thompson // J-Agric. Food Chem.-1984.-V.32.-P. 422-425.

 3. A.A. Gavrilov, N.S. Gavrilova // Biology of life expectancy - M .: Nauka.- 1991.- P.78-89.

 4. I.S. Djujic, O.Jozanov-Stankov // Biol-Trace Elem-Res.-1992. V.33. -P. 197-204.

 5. Biologically active food supplement "Bioselen", TU 9211371113-15.

 6. J.G. Gissel-Nielsen // Ann. Clin. Res .- 1986.- V.18.- P.61-64.

 7. Konvicka Olarion Ger. Offen. DE 3737566 (A 01 H 5/00) 1984 .- (Chem.Abstr.-V.112.-Ref. 84191) (prototype).

 8. Gins VK, Golubkina NA, Kononkov PF. // Abstracts of the report at the 1st Int. Symposium "New and unconventional plants and prospects for their practical use" -1995.-Pushchino. -FROM. 749-750.

 9. Zhao M. // Turang (Nanjing) -1991.- V.23.- N5.- P.236-240. (Chem. Abst. -V.117.-Ref. 47356).

 10. "Unexpected water." - Inventor and Rationalizer.- 1981. N2.-C. 21.

 11. V. Latyshev "Where do you go unexpected water" // Inventor and Rationalizer.-1985.-N.5-C.14-16 and N2-C.26-28.

 12. "Academician VV Vakhidov: activated water is promising" // Inventor and rationalizer "- 1981.- N9.- P.30.

 13. N.A. Golubkina, T.T. Galkina, A.S. Fedotov et al. // Auth. St. N 1407472 (A 23 K 1 / 04.-1985).

 14. G. Alfthan // Anal. Chim. Acta. - 1984.- V.165. - P. 187-194.

Claims (1)

 A method of enriching garlic and root crops with selenium, including soaking the bulbs and root crops for 48 hours in a solution of selenium salt, characterized in that 1% sodium selenate solution prepared in electroactivated water with a pH of 8.0 is used for soaking.

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