RU2188510C1 - Data transmission method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: data transmission technique. SUBSTANCE: method involves use of two- wavelength radiation for data transmission and selection of one of radiation frequencies capable of effectively acting upon biologic objects, directivity pattern of second ray being chosen so that it were enclosed inside directivity pattern of first ray. Transmitter set of device uses Cassegrain circuit arrangement. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of communications. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for transmitting information using electromagnetic radiation, one of the parameters of which is modulated according to the law of transmitted information.

 A known method of transmitting information using infrared radiation of a semiconductor laser [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the inability to ensure high reliability of the transmitted information if the transmission is carried out in the surface layer. One of the reasons for this is the intersection of the laser beam by flying birds, which leads to interruption of communication.

To improve the reliability of communication in [2], it is proposed to duplicate the transmitted information by transmitting it through two identical IR channels. However, this method of transmitting information has disadvantages:
- firstly, at the receiving ends of the line there is a problem of synchronization of signals transmitted over different channels;
- secondly, the probability of overlapping of both channels, for example, during the flight of a flock of birds, is not completely ruled out.

 This invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving the reliability of communication. Its implementation provides a technical result of improving the quality of communication by reducing the likelihood of interruption in the communication channel.

 The proposed method for transmitting information is that at the transmitting end of the communication line the transmitted information modulates one of the parameters of the RF or optical radiation: amplitude, frequency, phase or polarization, while radiation of two wavelengths is used to transmit the same information, and the receiving end of the communication line, both radiation receive, detect and allocate the transmitted information.

 The claimed method differs from the closest method in that the frequency of one of the radiation is chosen so that it actively affects biological objects, such as birds, and the radiation pattern of one of the radiation is formed so that it is enclosed inside the radiation pattern of the other radiation, and the width the radiation patterns of the first radiation are selected at least an order of magnitude greater than the width of the radiation pattern of the second radiation.

 The essence of the proposed method will be clear from consideration of the principle of operation of the device that implements it. Figure 1 and figure 2 shows a diagram of a device for transmitting and receiving information, built on the basis of the proposed method.

 The device includes a transmitting part, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 1 and the receiving part - figure 2.

 The transmitting part contains: a block for generating a microwave signal (centimeter or millimeter) ranges (1) loaded on a horn (2), a block for generating a signal in the optical range (3) loaded on an optical emitter (4) (for example, a semiconductor IR laser). In addition, the transmitting part includes a combined (microwave - optical) antenna, constructed according to the Casseigren scheme. The antenna contains: a dichroic element (5), a microwave mirror (6), a combined (microwave - optical) mirror (7) with a hole in the center, and an optical mirror (8). The combined mirror (7) on the one hand has a coating (7a) with a maximum reflection coefficient at the frequency of the microwave transmitter, and on the other hand, a coating (7b) with a maximum reflection coefficient at the wavelength of the infrared laser (4).

 The horn (2), the dichroic element (5), the mirrors (6), (7) and (8) are mounted coaxially. And the dichroic element (5), in addition, is installed so that the optical radiation of the emitter (4) passes through the holes in the mirrors (6) and (7) and enters the mirror (8).

 The receiving part of the device consists of individual microwave and optical paths. The microwave path includes a receiving antenna, constructed according to the Casseigren scheme, and formed by the mirrors (9) and (10), the microwave converter (11) and the actual receiver and information extraction device (12).

 The optical path of the receiving part comprises a lens objective (13), a photodetector (14) and an information extraction device (15).

 A device that implements the proposed method as follows. The transmitted information arrives simultaneously at the inputs of the microwave signal generation blocks (1) and optical (3) ranges. The frequency of the microwave transmitter is selected in the centimeter (or millimeter) range, for example in the range of 20 GHz. The operational experience of radio relay stations shows that certain biological objects, such as birds, are sensitive to radiation at these frequencies. Once in the field of this radiation, they tend to turn back and get out of it.

 The output of the microwave transmitter (1) is loaded on the speaker (2). Microwave radiation from the horn (2) passes through the dichroic element (5), the hole in the mirror (6) and enters the mirror (7). Since the surface of the mirror (7), facing the mirror (6), has a maximum reflection coefficient at the frequency of the microwave transmitter of the unit (1), microwave radiation is reflected from it and enters the surface of the mirror (6), and then into free space. The dichroic element (5) is made of a material radio-transparent at the frequency of the transmitter unit (1). Thus, the horn (2) and the mirrors (6) and (7) form the microwave radiation field.

 In addition to block (1), the transmitted information is fed to the input of the optical signal conditioning block (3). From its output, the generated signal is fed to the input of the optical emitter (4). As the emitter, for example, an infrared semiconductor laser can be used. Laser radiation (4) hits the surface of the dichroic element (5), is reflected from it and through the holes in the mirrors (6) and (7) falls on the surface of the mirror (8). The surface of the mirror (8), like the surface of the mirror (7) facing it, has a maximum reflection coefficient at the wavelength of the emitter (4). Reflected from mirrors (8) and (7), IR radiation goes into free space. Thus, the emitter (4), the dichroic element (5), the mirrors (8) and (7) form the radiation field of the IR range. The dimensions of the holes in the mirrors (6) and (7), the curvature of the mirror surfaces and the distance between them are selected based on the wavelengths of the transmitters (1) and (4), the width of the radiation pattern of the horn (2) and emitter (4). For their calculation, the technique described in [3] can be used.

 Since the horn (2), the dichroic element (5), the mirrors (6), (7) and (8) are aligned, the radiation patterns of the transmitting part of the inventive device in the microwave and optical ranges are also coaxial. In this case, the radiation pattern of the transmitter of the optical range due to its significantly smaller width is located as if inside the radiation pattern of the microwave range.

 Since the wavelength of microwave radiation is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the wavelength of infrared radiation, choosing the appropriate mirror sizes (6), (7) and (8) form the radiation pattern of the microwave transmitter so that it is no less than an order of magnitude wider radiation patterns. And during the operation of the proposed device, optical radiation propagates from the transmitting part to the receiving part inside the microwave radiation cone.

 Reception and isolation of the transmitted information is carried out by the receiving part of the device containing separate optical and microwave paths. Optical radiation through a lens objective (13) is incident on a photodetector (14), which converts it into an electrical signal. An electrical signal from the output of the photodetector is fed to the input of the information extraction device (15).

 Microwave radiation is collected by an antenna formed by mirrors (9) and (10) and a converter (11), is converted into an electrical signal, which is fed to the input of the information extraction device (12).

 In the event that any biological object, such as a bird, falls into the microwave radiation cone, then under its influence it will experience unpleasant sensations and turn back before it has time to cross the optical beam. Interruption of communication in the optical channel will not occur. And since the aperture of the mirror (6) in the centimeter and millimeter ranges exceeds the average midsection of most birds, the probability of interruption in the microwave channel is much less than in the optical.

 In addition, the proposed method of transmitting information and a device that implements it increase the reliability of communication by using two transmission channels that differ significantly in the range of frequencies: microwave and optical. The propagation conditions of optical and microwave radiation in the atmosphere are not the same. When fogs and small aerosols appear on the propagation path, optical radiation will be absorbed, while microwave radiation will hardly experience absorption. At the same time, during the rain, microwave radiation is more intensively attenuated, while the optical one experiences less attenuation. That is, depending on atmospheric conditions, either one or the second channel will provide reliable information transfer.

 Thus, it can be seen from the above description that the proposed method and device implementing it ensure the achievement of a positive technical effect - an increase in the reliability of information transfer.

Literature
1. Ivanov P. Infrared systems from PAV. Networks, 8, 2000.

 2. Chachin P. Mastering the IR range. Computer Week, 45 (219), 1999.

 3. Transceiver for atmospheric optical communication line. Patent of Russia 2120185, MKI 6, H 04 B 10/10, 10/24, pending 01.20.97, published. 10/10/98.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of transmitting information using modulated electromagnetic radiation, which consists in the fact that one of the parameters of electromagnetic radiation is modulated at the transmitting end of the transmission line, while radiation is used for transmission in two different frequency ranges, and both radiations are received at the receiving end of the transmission line, detect them, highlighting the transmitted information, characterized in that the radiation frequency of one of the radiation is chosen so that it actively affects biological objects, for example particles, the second radiation antenna pattern is formed so as to be enclosed within a first directional radiation pattern, wherein the width of the first directional radiation pattern is formed on the order of the width pattern of the second radiation.  2. A device for transmitting information containing two transmitters operating in the first and second ranges, the transmitters having separate antenna systems, which are made according to the Cassegrain scheme, which includes a dichroic mirror, characterized in that a microwave mirror is added coaxially to the antenna system of the transmitters with an antenna system made according to the Cassegrain scheme, while the microwave mirror is made with a hole in the center, the diameter of which is sufficient to pass the radiation of the first and second frequency range s, the hole diameter of the dichroic mirror of the Cassegrain circuit is sufficient to pass the second frequency range of the radiation, while the dichroic mirror of the Cassegrain circuit has a reflective coating on both sides, and from the side facing the microwave, has a coating with a maximum reflection coefficient at the center frequency of the first frequency range and, on the opposite side, a coating having a maximum reflection coefficient in the second frequency range.

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