RU2187280C2 - Apparatus for removal of tooth deposit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, in particular, therapeutic dentistry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hollow casing and working member made in the form of lug bent at obtuse angle. Working member is inserted into space under lugs in hollow casing. Platform is rigidly fixed perpendicular to casing axis and adapted for resting upon tooth. Flexible cable is positioned in housing attached to casing end. Working member is connected to cable through sliding joint. Pedal at cable end is designed for transmitting reciprocal motion to working member. EFFECT: increased efficiency in removal of deposit from tooth and reduced production cost. 2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to therapeutic dentistry, and can be used to remove dental plaque in the treatment of periodontal diseases.

 Obligatory anaerobic bacteria of the genera Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Actinomices, in particular the R-variant A. Naeshmdit, are supposed to be of primary importance in the development of chronic gingivitis and periodontitis. Filamentous cells of this microorganism form the main part of the tooth plaque biomass of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and are absent in healthy individuals (Nord-CE. Wardstrom-T. Characterization of hemolytic enterococci isolated from oral infections. DeptOral Microbiol., Karolinska Inst., Stockholm; Sweden // ASTAODOm'SCAND. - 1973. - V. 31, 6. - P. 387-393).

 Removal of dental deposits leads to a significant reduction in periodontal pockets, the number of spirochetes, bacteroids, and the mobility of microorganisms. Removal of dental plaque is carried out daily by all specialists. Using cutting tools they remove over and subgingival dental deposits, polish the surface of the root. After processing the walls of the pocket and the upper cement layer of the roots of the teeth, the gum tissue is pressed against the root surfaces. The clinical effect of dental plaque removal is quite high (Voronina I.E. Influence of plaque activity on the development of the pathological process in the periodontium // Complex treatment and prevention of dental diseases: Materials of the 7th Congress of Dentists of the Ukrainian SSR. - Kiev, 1989. - P. 29 -thirty). However, after 3 months. there is a repopulation of microorganisms of periodontal pockets, the same types of microorganisms were re-isolated, which indicates the growth of microflora remaining in these areas (Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Smith C., Dibart S. Relation of baseline microbial parameters to future periodontal attachment loss // J. Clin. Periodontol. -1991. - 18. - P. 744-750).

 In this regard, the development of new devices to improve the quality of dental plaque removal is relevant.

 There are three methods for removing dental plaque: mechanical (instrumental), chemical and ultrasound.

 The known chemical method of removing dental deposits (Danilevsky ND, Magid EA, Mukhin NA, Milikevich V.Yu. Periodontal disease. M., 1993, p. 176), but it is rarely used in practice in Due to the possibility of burning nearby tissues, it retains only its historical significance. For these purposes, mainly recommended low concentrations (18-20%) of organic acids, which were used to treat the surface of tartar.

 Known hand tools for removing dental deposits (Danilevsky N. D., Magid E. A., Mukhin N. A., Milikevich V. Yu. Periodontal disease. M., 1993, S. 171-176). Using these tools (hooks, excavators, straight chisels, rasps, curettes), dental plaque removal is quite effective, especially with minor destruction, and is easy to do on an outpatient basis. However, to associate the removal of dental plaque (performed using a hand tool) with the complete removal of tartar can be very conditional, since the work is carried out "blindly", only according to the feelings of a specialist. Residues of subgingival deposits after these procedures are detected in 50-90% of cases (depending on the qualifications of the specialist).

 Disadvantages.

 Due to the impossibility of 100% removal of tartar, one usually does not have to rely on the regeneration of the periodontal ligament. In this regard, in most cases, an epithelial joint is formed, and not a true gingival connection.

 For the prototype, we adopted an ultrasound device used to remove dental plaque. The apparatus uses a magnetostrictive method of generating high-frequency oscillations, which are transmitted to the tip-holder through water. Cavitation occurs in water under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations, which destroys tartar (Danilevsky N.D., Magid E.A., Mukhin N.A., Milikevich V. Yu. Periodontal diseases. M., 1993, p. 176- 178). The practical application of various ultrasound devices has confirmed the opinion that such procedures are limited to the processing of 2-4 teeth during one visit. This is a mistake. The amount of intervention is determined not only by the time the doctor spends on the procedure, but also by the patient's ability to withstand these procedures. Removal of dental plaque using ultrasonic devices on live teeth is especially painful, and application anesthesia in these cases is generally ineffective.

 Disadvantages.

 The use of ultrasound devices, especially on live teeth, is painful, in this regard, procedures for removing dental deposits are limited to processing 2-4 teeth during one visit.

 The impossibility of introducing ultrasonic devices for removing dental plaque into wide dental practice due to their high cost.

 The aim of this work was to create an effective and affordable cost-effective device for removing dental plaque.

Tasks:
- ensuring the reliability of the removal of dental plaque;
- reduction in morbidity;
- simplification of the procedure for removing dental plaque;
- profitability in manufacturing.

 The essence of the invention is that the device has a working element in the form of a “foot”, bent at an obtuse angle and enclosed up to the “foot” in a hollow body, a support platform is rigidly fixed perpendicular to the axis of the body, the second end of the body is equipped with a flexible cable in the housing, and at the end of the cable there is a pedal for transmitting the reciprocating movement of the working part. The device is equipped with a tank with a flexible tube for supplying a disinfectant solution to the area of removal of dental plaque.

The device consists of a hollow body (1), to which at an angle of 90 ^o attached platform (2) for support on the tooth (figure 1). Inside the housing is a working element (3) located at an angle of 110-120 ^o to the vertical axis of the tooth. The working element using a sliding connection (4) is connected to a cable (5) in the casing (6). The other end of the cable (5) is connected to the pedal (7) for transmitting reciprocating movements to the working element (3). The proposed device is equipped with a reservoir with a liquid (8) for irrigation of the root surface with a disinfectant solution through a special tube (9).

 The device is used as follows.

 The device (Fig. 1) is fixed on the tooth using a support pad (2). The working element (3) is brought to the surface of the root, and with the help of the pedal (7) they give it reciprocating motion. A disinfectant solution is supplied from the reservoir with liquid (8) to irrigate the root surface through a tube (9).

 We performed the removal of dental plaque using the proposed device to 75 patients (38 men and 37 women aged 25 to 55 years) with gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of varying severity. The control was a group of patients of the same age with a similar diagnosis, who had the removal of dental plaque without the help of the proposed device (excavators).

 Research results.

 Removing dental plaque using the proposed device leads to a significant reduction in periodontal pockets, the number of spirochetes, bacteroids, microorganisms. The clinical effect of removing dental deposits using the proposed device is confirmed by the positive dynamics of changes in clinical indices. The numerical changes of these indices are given in the table.

 During the observation period (3 months) in patients of the main group there was no exacerbation of the disease. In the control group, 75% of the subjects had relapses after 1.5-2 months after the removal of dental plaque.

 An analysis of clinical parameters 7 days after the removal of dental plaque using the proposed device showed an improvement in periodontal tissues, which was manifested by a decrease in inflammatory processes in the gums. 6 months after the removal of dental plaque using the proposed device, there was a significant decrease in the depth of periodontal pockets, the disappearance of the inflammatory reaction in the gums.

 The use of the proposed device for the removal of dental plaque demonstrates a pronounced clinical effect, ease of use, and reduced morbidity. In the manufacture of the proposed device, its cost is about 6-8 cu, in contrast to ultrasonic devices (400-2500 cu), which allows us to recommend it in widespread dental practice.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for removing dental plaque, containing a hollow body and a working element, characterized in that it has a working element in the form of a “foot”, bent at an obtuse angle and enclosed to a “foot” in a hollow body, rigidly fixed to the axis of the body a platform for supporting the tooth, the second end of the housing is equipped with a flexible cable in the casing, and the working element is connected to the cable using a sliding connection, and at the end of the cable there is a pedal for transmitting reciprocating movement to the working element.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a reservoir with a flexible tube for supplying a disinfectant solution to the area of removal of dental plaque.

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