RU2186416C1 - Viewing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combined photo- and remote-recording devices and night viewing apparatuses. SUBSTANCE: device has wide-angle optical system, scanner made in the from of mirror secured in spherical joint, zoom lens, receiving device, common control unit coupled with leverage, and scanning range limiting mechanism. Device provides for obtaining differently magnified images at the same time viewing entire field of vision and for multifunction control by means of one hand. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities, improved convenience in operation. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to optical instrumentation, in particular to observational instruments, combined observational-photographic, observational-television and observational instruments in low light.

 The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the design of the PDK-60 flaw detector (see PDK-60 flaw detector. Technical description and operating instructions. 1960), which contains the objective part with deflecting mirrors, a backlight, a lens, a team, a system sliding frames of variable length, the middle part with a wrapping system equipped with a focusing movement mechanism, the ocular part with a deflecting mirror, an optical wedge assembly equipped with a control mechanism, a screen, ocular th magnifier.

 The optical system of this device allows you to receive on-screen images of objects located at two specific distances from the lens with four different magnifications and, accordingly, four linear fields of view. The image of objects on the screen is viewed by the operator through an eyepiece. When an image with small magnifications and large linear fields of view is received on the screen, a scanning device in the form of a node of rotating optical wedges is used to view it with an ocular magnifier with a lower linear field of view, with which you can sequentially view the image outside the field of view of the magnifier.

The disadvantages of this device include:
- the calculation of its optical system to work in specific conditions and the binding of the entire structure to well-defined equipment;
- a fixed set of magnifications and a laborious transition from one to another, including the installation and fixation in a certain position of the sliding frames and focusing the wrapping system;
- Separate control of change of magnification, focusing and scanning mechanism;
- the inconvenience of controlling the scanning mechanism due to the occupation of both hands of the operator;
- the complexity of the transition from one image to another when scanning.

 The technical task of this invention is to expand the tactical and technical capabilities and ease of use of the device.

 This object is achieved by the fact that in the observation device containing the optical wide-angle system and the scanning and receiving devices located behind it, a panoramic lens is used located between the scanning and receiving devices, in which, with the minimum focal length set, the size of the linear field in the front focal plane is equal to the size the linear field of the back focal plane of the optical system combined with it, and the size of the linear field in the back focal plane is pankratically about the lens is equal to the diameter of the input part of the receiving device, a scanning device is used, consisting of a mirror mounted with the possibility of tilting in two planes in a spherical hinge containing a housing, a sleeve, a spring, a leash, an articulated lever, the working spherical surface of which contacts the edge of the cylindrical opening of the housing and the edge of the hole of the sleeve, spring-loaded relative to the flange of the articulated lever, is in contact with the auxiliary spherical surface of the housing, both spherical surfaces have a common center coinciding with the reflecting surface of the mirror and the axes of the hinge lever and the leash, which is mounted on the hinge lever perpendicular to its axis and is located in the groove of the housing, preventing the mirror from turning around the axis of the hinge lever.

a single control element (ЕОУ) is applied, the axis of which is connected to the lever mechanism and a spherical articulated four-link,
a gearbox is used, containing two bevel gears, one of which is connected to a four-link articulated joint, and the second is connected to the cam element of the pan-optical lens,
a lever mechanism is used, located between the EOU and the scanning device, consisting of two connected articulated parallelograms rotating around a common axis formed by three spherical joints, one of these joints and the lever belonging to it are common to both parallelograms, the lever of one of which is connected by a kinematic pair the fourth kind with a hinged lever of the scanning device, and the thrust of the other is connected to the axis of the EOW by a kinematic pair of the fourth kind with a backlash selection device consisting of pusher and springs,
a scanning range limiting mechanism was used, located between the gearbox and the EOC, consisting of a flange mounted on the axis of the EEC, a screw mechanism and a spherical articulated four-link located inside it, consisting of a crosspiece, the axes of which are pivotally connected to two forks, one of which is connected to the axis of the EEC and the other with the axis of the gear wheel of the gearbox, the screw mechanism consists of a fixed sleeve and located inside it with the possibility of screw-like movement of the movable sleeve with a groove, inside of which th leash is attached to the gear axis, connected to the spherical plug fourfold joint.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed device is characterized by the use of a pancratic lens, a single control device, a gearbox, a linkage mechanism, a scanning range limiting mechanism consisting of a special flange, a screw mechanism and a spherical hinged device consisting of a mirror mounted with the possibility of tilting in two planes in a spherical hinge, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty."

 The product meets the criterion of "significant differences" because the analysis in the art did not find similar solutions.

 In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the claimed monitoring device.

 Figure 2 shows a diagram of a device for switching off the mechanism for limiting the scanning range.

 Figure 3 shows a diagram of the change in the magnitude of the scan depending on the change in the field of view.

 In FIG. 4 shows a mechanism for fixing the initial position of observation and mirror alignment of the scanning device.

 The monitoring device (Fig. 1) consists of an optical system 1, a scanning device 2, a receiving device 3, a panoramic lens 4, a mirror 5, a single control 6, a reducer 7, a lever mechanism 8, a scanning range limiting mechanism 9.

 The scanning device consists of a mirror 10, a housing 11 with a sphere 12 and a groove 13, a sleeve 14, a spring 15, an articulated lever 16 with a spherical surface 17, a leash 18.

 The lever mechanism consists of the same spherical joints 19, 20, 21, levers 22,23,24, rods 25, 26, the same cylindrical joints 27, 28, 29, 30, two kinematic pairs of the fourth kind 31 and 32, the device for selecting the play 33, containing the pusher 34 and the spring 35.

 The scanning range limiting mechanism consists of a spherical articulated four link 36, a screw mechanism 37, and a flange 38; a spherical articulated four-link consists of a fork 39, a fork 40, a spider 41 with four identical cylindrical joints 42; the screw mechanism consists of a sleeve 43 with a groove 44, a leash 45, a stationary sleeve 46.

 The gearbox consists of bevel gears 47 and 48.

 The pan-optical lens consists of a cam element 49, provided with slots 50, 51 and index 52, a housing 53, equipped with a scale 54, fixed optical components 55, 56, movable optical components 57, 58 with leads 59, 60.

 The sleeve of the screw mechanism has a cylindrical hole 61 (figure 4).

 The device for switching off the mechanism for limiting the scanning range 9 consists of a housing 62 (Fig. 2), a latch 63, holes in the fixed sleeve 64, and leads 65.

 A single control 6 (Fig. 1) is connected through a spherical articulated four link 36 of the scanning range limiting mechanism 9 and a gear 7 with a pancratic lens 4, and using a linkage 8 with a scanning device 2.

 A mirror 10 is attached to the lever 16 of the scanning device 2, a leash 18, and a cylindrical hole of the kinematic pair 31 is located at its end, and its spherical surface 17 is pressed against the edge of the opening of the housing 11 by a spring 15 and a sleeve 14 in contact with the spherical surface 12. Rotation of the mirror 10 together with a lever 16 around its axis is excluded by a leash 18 included in the groove 13 of the housing 11.

 The lever 16 has the ability to tilt in two planes relative to the common center of the concentric spherical surfaces 12 and 17 and the reflecting surface of the mirror 10 coincides with this center. In the linkage 8, the link 25 together with the levers 22 and 23 and the hinges 27, 28 and 19, 20 forms the first an articulated parallelogram having a common spherical hinge 20 and a lever 23 with a second articulated parallelogram consisting of a rod 26, levers 23, 24, hinges 29, 30 and 20.21. The spherical hinges 19,20,21 are located on the same axis, which allows you to transfer the slopes of the levers 23, 24 to the lever 22 not only in the plane of parallelograms, but also perpendicular to it with a gear ratio of 1: 1. The lever 22 is equipped with a spherical tip belonging to the kinematic pair 31. The gear ratio from a single control 6 to the lever 22 is determined by the ratio of sizes B and C, and the gear ratio from the lever 22 to the mirror 10 is determined by the ratio of sizes G and D, where B is the distance from the center of rotation of the spherical articulated four-link Ennik 36 to the center of the sphere of the kinematic pair 32.

 B is the distance from the center of the sphere of the kinematic pair 32 to the axis of the centers of the spherical joints 19, 20, 21.

 G is the distance from the axis of the centers of the spherical joints 19, 20, 21 to the center of the spherical tip belonging to the kinematic pair 31.

 D is the distance from the center of the spherical tip belonging to the kinematic pair 31 to the optical axis of the pancratic lens.

 The fork 39, the flange 38, the sphere of the kinematic pair 32 fixed by the pusher 34 with the spring 35 against the cylindrical surface of the kinematic pair 32 of the thrust 26 are fixedly fixed on the axis of the single control 6, fixed to the axle of the gear wheel 47 located inside the bushings 43, 46 the fork 40 and the leash 45 included in the groove 44 of the sleeve 43. The crosspiece 41 is connected by cylindrical hinges 42 to the forks 39, 40. The gear wheel 48 of the gearbox 7 is connected to a cam element 49, which is rotatably mounted on the housing 53. The leashes 59, 60 are mounted on def Avach movable optical components 57, 58, pass through the longitudinal groove of the housing 53 and are located in the curved grooves 50, 51 of the cam element 49.

 The rotation of the EOC 6 around its axis, regardless of its inclination relative to the center of the spherical articulated four-link 36, is transmitted with the necessary gear ratio to the cam element 49, which, acting on the leashes 59.60 by the edges of the curved grooves 50 and 51, moves the movable optical components 57, 58 according to a certain law relative to the stationary optical components 55, 56, thereby changing the focus of the pancratic lens 4. In this case, the magnitude of the turn of the EOU 6 is proportional to the focus of the pancratic lens 4 and, accordingly, the field of view and the gap A between the end face of the sleeve 43 and the flange 38 mounted on the axis of the EOW 6, which in turn determines the angle of a possible tilt α EOW relative to the center of the spherical articulated four-link 36 and the associated scanning range of the mirror 10 of the scanning device 2. Essence The operation of the scanning range limitation mechanism is that at any magnification created by the pan-optical lens during scanning, the entire image created by the optical wide-angle system is viewed 1, and the edge of this image does not enter the field of view of the receiving device 3.

 The mechanism for limiting the scanning range 9 and the mechanism of the pancratic lens 4 interact in a certain way so that the extreme lower position of the sleeve 43 corresponds to the minimum focus of the pancratic lens and its maximum field, and the highest to the maximum focus and, accordingly, its minimum field.

 In the initial observation position corresponding to the minimum focus of the pan-optical lens, in which the inclination of the single control 6 is excluded by the action of the mechanism for limiting the scanning range 9, the mirror 10 of the scanning device 2 occupies a middle position at which the optical axis of the system 1 coincides with the optical axis of the pan-optical lens 4 (Fig. .3a).

 For accurate and convenient alignment of the middle position of the mirror 10, corresponding to the initial position of observation, it is necessary to fix the EOU 6. For this, a hole 61 (Fig. 4) of small depth with a diameter exactly corresponding to the outer diameter of the flange 38 and small chamfers is provided in the sleeve 43 for easy articulation specified diameters.

 The operator’s work is carried out in the following order.

 The EOU sets the initial observation position when, with a minimum magnification and a minimum focus of the pan-optical lens (Fig. 1), the entire image created by the optical system of the device is projected onto the receiving device, and then, if necessary, parts of this image can be projected and output to the receiving device (Fig. 3b).

 The device operates as follows.

 A wide-angle optical system creates in the rear focal plane X-X (Fig. 1) an image with a diameter of X'-X ', which can be moved using this scanning device 2 in this plane. By turning the EOU 6 around its axis to the stop using the scale 54 and index 52, the minimum focus of the pancratic lens 4 is set. In this case, the mechanism for limiting the scanning range 9 completely eliminates the possibility of tilting the EOU 6, since the sleeve 43 occupies the lowest position at which the flange 38 enters its hole, therefore, the inclination of the mirror 10 relative to its middle position and the optical axes of the pan-objective lens 4 and the optical system 1 are excluded. In this case, the diameter of the linear field of the pancratic lens 4 in its front focal plane XX is equal to X'-X ', i.e. coincides in diameter with the image, and since Since the optical axes also coincide, then the entire image created by the system 1 will be projected by a pancratic lens onto the input diameter of the receiving device 3. In this case, the scan value is 0 (Fig. 3a). The receiving device perceives the maximum image in the field with the smallest magnification. Deviation (scanning) of the mirror 10 (Fig. 1) in this case would lead to cutting the image at the input of the receiving device.

 If it is necessary to obtain a close-up image on the receiving device, by turning the EOW around its axis, the necessary focus of the pan-optical lens is set using the scale 54 and index 52, and by tilting the EOW, the image created on the input diameter of the receiving device is moved in the desired direction. In this case, the linear field of the pancratic lens 4 decreases in its front focal plane and the pancratic lens perceives only part of the entire image created by the optical system 1, and the scanning range limiting mechanism makes it possible to tilt the mirror 10 just so that the edge of the image created by the optical system 1 does not fell into the reduced field of view of the pancratic lens, and when scanning, the image would not be cut off at the receiving device (Fig. 3b). This is achieved by the fact that, depending on the established focus of the pancratic lens and the decrease in its input field associated with it, the sleeve 43 (Fig. 4) rises and creates a gap A between its end face and flange 38, which allows you to tilt the EOU and the associated mirror 10 by the angle at which a full scan of the entire image is carried out and at the same time there is no cutting.

 When you set the maximum focal length in the pan-objective lens 4 (FIG. 1), the receiving device 3 perceives the minimum field and maximum image magnification and the scanning range at the same time maximum (FIG. 3 c).

 Sometimes when working with the device, it becomes necessary to disable the mechanism for limiting the scanning range.

 To do this, use the device shown in figure 2, in which the sleeve 46 is placed in a stationary housing 62 with the possibility of movement along the axis of the gear wheel 47. The sleeve 46 has two fixed positions that are installed using the latch 63 and the holes 64.

 Its lower position corresponds to the enabled mechanism for limiting the scanning range, and the upper position to disabled. The longitudinal movement of the sleeve 46 from one position to another occurs in conjunction with the sleeve 43 using leashes 65, brought out through the grooves of the housing 62 to the outside. The groove 44 of the sleeve 43 thus has a large length, taking into account the independent movement of the bushings 43 and 46.

 Thus, the proposed monitoring device in comparison with the prototype provides a significant expansion of the tactical and technical capabilities that allow you to get an image with various magnifications and at the same time the ability to view the entire field of view. The convenience of working with the device is significantly enhanced through the use of a single control element, a pan-optical lens, an original design scanning device, and a scanning range limiting mechanism.

 In addition, this invention allows to improve image quality by increasing resolution along the edge of the field of view, which is achieved by introducing into the design of the device the shutdown mechanism to limit the scanning range.

Claims (4)

 1. An observation device comprising an optical wide-angle system and a scanning and receiving device located behind it, characterized in that the device is equipped with a pan-optical lens placed between the scanning and receiving devices, the scanning device is made in the form of a mirror mounted with the possibility of tilting in two planes in a spherical a hinge containing a housing, a sleeve, a spring, a leash, an articulated lever, the working spherical surface of which is in contact with the edge of the cylindrical hole of the housing, and the edge of the bore of the sleeve, spring-loaded relative to the flange of the articulated lever, is mounted so that it can be contacted with the auxiliary spherical surface of the housing, both spherical surfaces being installed with a common center coinciding with the reflective surface of the mirror and the axes of the articulated lever and the leash, which is fixed to the articulated lever perpendicular to its axis and placed in the groove of the housing, and is also equipped with a single control element, the axis of which is connected to the lever mechanism and a spherical articulated four-link ohm, is equipped with a gearbox connecting the link of the articulated four-link and the lens drive, located between a single control and a scanning device made of two articulated parallelograms mounted with the possibility of rotation around a common axis passing through the centers of three spherical joints, one of these joints being installed on a lever common to parallelograms, while one of the levers is connected by a kinematic pair of the fourth kind with a hinged lever of the scanning device, and the thrust of the other with it is single with the axis of a single control element of a kinematic pair of the fourth kind with a backlash selection device made in the form of a pusher and a spring, the device is also equipped with a scanning range limiting mechanism located between the gearbox and a single control element made in the form of a flange mounted on the axis of the single control element, a screw mechanism and a spherical articulated four-link placed inside it, made in the form of a cross, the axes of which are articulated with two forks, one of which connected to the axis of a single control element, and the other to the axis of the gear wheel of the gearbox, the screw mechanism is made of a fixed sleeve and placed inside it with the possibility of screw-like movement of the sleeve with a groove, inside of which there is a leash mounted on the axis of the gear connected to the spherical hinge fork four link.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for disabling the mechanism for limiting the scanning range, including a fixed housing with two longitudinal grooves on which the latch is fixed, and a screw mechanism in which the inner sleeve is made with an elongated longitudinal groove, and the outer the sleeve is mounted with the possibility of axial movement inside the opening of the housing and is equipped with leashes fixed on it, passing out through the grooves of the housing and two holes are made in it to ensure fixation.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the end face of the inner sleeve of the screw mechanism is made with a hole with a size matching the size of the diameter of the flange of a single control.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox is made in the form of a pair of bevel gears.

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