RU2185353C1 - Organomineral fertilizers production process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fertilizer production. SUBSTANCE: lignin is mixed with ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid. Mix is stirred for 30 to 60 min and then phosphorus- and potassium-containing components, calcium carbonate, magnesium salts, trace minerals, and growth regulator are added, the total is granulated and dried. Novelty consists in that, as phosphorus-containing component, apatite is taken and added to mix in amounts necessary to achieve in a product a nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio 1.3- 1.7, pH of the mix being 6.5-8. Neutralization is carried out using calcium carbonate until pH 6.5-8 is attained. Calcium salt is added to achieve N/K ratio in finished product 1: (1.8-2.2). EFFECT: improved fertilization efficiency in growth of vegetables and industrial crops. 2 cl, 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the production of organic fertilizers of a wide range, the mineral part of which includes N, P, K elements intended for growing vegetable and industrial crops.

A known method of producing organic fertilizers, including the oxidation of brown coal by air and processing it with a 5% aqueous solution of caustic alkali with the addition of a solution of Ca (OH) ₂ and crushed limestone. Urea is introduced into the mixture as a plasticizer (RF Patent 2051884, 1992).

 The disadvantage of this method is that it is impossible to obtain organic fertilizer with a content of more than 17% of the organic part and, thus, mainly in the form of insoluble humates of Ca. This fertilizer does not contain the necessary mineral components (N, P, K).

 Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method for producing organic fertilizer described in the patent of the Russian Federation 2054404, 1996, C 05 G 3/00 and comprising mixing lignin with ammonium nitrate and 50% sulfuric acid at room temperature with stirring in within 30-60 minutes, followed by the addition of phosphorus and potassium-containing components, calcium carbonate, magnesium salts, trace elements and growth regulator to the resulting mixture. According to this method, the lignin and ammonium nitrate ground into powder are placed in a reactor, 50% sulfuric acid is added to them, and the mixture is stirred vigorously for 30-60 minutes at room temperature. Then, nitroammophosk, carbamide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, elemental sulfur, ammonium molybdate, manganese chloride and a growth regulator, chlorocholine chloride, are added to the obtained modified lignin and preliminarily mixed into powder and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass. Next, granulation of the product is carried out with the addition of a 10% aqueous binder solution, which is taken as polyurethanesemicarbose, polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose, sapropel. Then the product is dried.

 The disadvantage of this method is the use as the main mineral part (N, P, K) of finished forms of fertilizer (nitroammophoski), which significantly increases the cost of the process. In addition, the ratio of NPK in the prototype, as well as other components in it, are developed taking into account the characteristics of the metabolism of cereals and, in particular, winter and spring wheat to increase their productivity, increase the protein and gluten content in grain. The use of this fertilizer (prototype) for vegetable and industrial crops, which differ from cereals by the predominance of carbohydrate metabolism, is ineffective.

 We set the task to create an organomineral fertilizer with a large part of macroelements, effective for growing vegetables and industrial crops, since vegetable and industrial crops need to increase carbohydrate metabolism, leading to the accumulation of sugars, vitamins, as well as to reduce nitrates, radionuclides and heavy metals in plant products.

 The problem is solved in the proposed method for producing organic fertilizers, including mixing lignin with ammonium nitrate and 50% sulfuric acid and stirring for 30-60 minutes, followed by the addition of phosphorus and potassium-containing components, calcium carbonate, magnesium salts, trace elements and growth regulator, granulation and drying the product. Apatite is taken as a phosphorus-containing component and added to a previously prepared mixture of lignin with ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid. Apatite is taken in the amount necessary to achieve the ratio N: P in the finished product equal to 1: 1.3-1.7. The mixing process is carried out until the pH of the mixture is 5.0-6.0. After that, the mixture of these components is neutralized with carbon dioxide to pH 6.5-8, and then salts K are added until the ratio N: K in the product is 1: 1.8-2.2. The necessary trace elements are added based on the brand of fertilizer. The resulting powder mass is granulated and dried.

 The essence of the method is as follows. In the proposed method, the mixing of lignin with ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid is carried out similarly to the prototype, which leads to the formation in the fertilizer of an organic component - a modified lignin with a humic carbon content of 25-46 wt.% Of total carbon.

 This leads to increased soil fertility and the efficient use of nutrients by plants.

 In the proposed method, apatite is taken as a phosphorus-containing component, which, on the one hand, greatly simplifies the process (ready-made forms of phosphorus-containing fertilizers are not used), on the other hand, the calcium salts present in apatite are saturated. Apatite decomposes during mixing in the presence of an acidic medium (modified lignin). At the same time, complex organomineral compounds are formed, which, under the influence of plant root excretions - organic acids, are destroyed by ions, absorbed by the plant roots and assimilated by them.

 The amount of apatite added is regulated by the required N: P ratio in the finished product and varies depending on the brand of fertilizer. The process of mixing (and in fact decomposition) of apatite is carried out to a mixture pH of 5.0-6.0. Lowering the pH below 5.0 is impractical, since it will require a further increased amount of a neutralizing agent, which upsets the balance of nutrients in the finished product. An increase in pH above 6.0 is not possible; the process of neutralization does not go deeper.

 The use of calcium carbonate allows not only to neutralize the mixture, but also brings the amount of Ca in the finished product to the necessary. The combined content of Ca, Mg and organic matter creates the conditions under which the physicochemical properties of the soil are improved.

 As potassium salts can be used sulfate K, chloride K, carbonate K and others. The process is further carried out similarly to the prototype, adding magnesium salts, trace elements and a growth regulator. The set of trace elements can be increased by introducing compounds of copper, zinc, lithium, boron.

 Using the proposed method for producing organic fertilizers allows you to get a wide range of fertilizers without making changes to the production line, quickly moving from the production of one brand to another. The method also allows using apatite instead of an expensive finished product (nitroammophoski) and producing fertilizers with the optimal ratio of components for growing vegetable and industrial crops.

 The high content of humus-like organic matter (modified lignin) in the fertilizer will enhance the nutrient activity of soils, increase the content of humus, improve its physicochemical structure, fix nutrients in the arable layer, increase soil fertility and increase the efficiency of nutrients use by plants. Such changes in the system "soil - plants" determine the increase in crop yields, improve the quality of plant products, prevent environmental pollution environment by chemical agents and contribute to the sustainable development of crop production and the biosphere.

 The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. In the reactor load lignin in an amount of 300 kg and mix it with 120 kg of ammonium nitrate, add 138 kg of 50% sulfuric acid. The mixture is stirred for 40 minutes. To the resulting mixture, 312 kg of apatite are added to the same reactor. The N: P ratio in the product is 1.0: 1.3. Mixing is carried out until the pH of the mixture reaches 5.0. Further neutralization of the mixture is carried out by adding 53 kg of calcium carbonate to the reactor. The mixture is neutralized to a pH of 6.5. Into the neutralized mixture, potassium chloride in an amount of 140 kg is introduced. The N: K ratio in the product is 1.0: 1.8. Magnesium sulfate in the amount of 52 kg is added to the mixture, as well as the corresponding salts of trace elements - Mo, Mn, Cu, Zn, Li, B and the growth regulator is chlorocholine chloride in quantities determined by the fertilizer brand. The resulting product is granulated and dried to a moisture content of 10%. Get 1000 kg of the finished product with a ratio of N: P: K = 1.0: 1.3: 1.8 and the following content of components, wt.%:
N - 4.1
P - 5.3
K - 7.4
Sa - 13.5
Mg - 1.1
Amount M.E. - 1.2
The organic content is 38%.

Example 2. In the reactor load lignin in an amount of 300 kg and mix it with 120 kg of ammonium nitrate, add 138 kg of 50% sulfuric acid. The mixture is stirred for 40 minutes. To the resulting mixture, 357 kg of apatite are added to the same reactor. The ratio of N: P in the product is 1.0: 1.5. Mixing is carried out until the pH of the mixture reaches 5.5. Further neutralization of the mixture is carried out by adding 55 kg of calcium carbonate to the reactor. The neutralization of the mixture is carried out to a pH of 7.0. 160 kg of potassium chloride are added to the neutral mixture. The N: K ratio in the product is 1.0: 2.0. Then, magnesium sulfate in the amount of 53 kg or other magnesium salts, as well as the corresponding salts of the trace elements Mo, Mn, Cu, Zn, Li, B and the growth regulator, chlorocholine chloride, are added in amounts determined by the fertilizer brand to the mixture. The resulting product is granulated and dried to a moisture content of 10%. Get the finished product with a ratio of N: P: K = 1.0: 1.5: 2.0 and the following content of components, wt.%:
N - 3.75
P - 5.62
K - 5.7
Sa - 14.2
Mg - 1,0
Amount M.E. - 1.12
The organic content is 37%.

Example 3. In the reactor load lignin in an amount of 300 kg and mix it with 120 kg of ammonium nitrate, add 138 kg of 50% sulfuric acid. The mixture is stirred for 40 minutes. To the resulting mixture, 400 kg of apatite are added to the same reactor. The N: P ratio in the product is 1.0: 1.7. Mixing is carried out until the pH of the mixture reaches 6.0. Further neutralization of the mixture is carried out by adding 55 kg of calcium carbonate to the reactor. The mixture is neutralized to a pH of 8.0. Potassium chloride in an amount of 170.0 kg is introduced into the neutralized mixture. The ratio of N: K in the product is 1.0: 2.2. To the mixture add magnesium sulfate in an amount of 58 kg or other salts of magnesium, as well as the corresponding salts of trace elements Mo, Mn, Cu, Zn, Li, B and the growth regulator is chlorocholine chloride in quantities determined by the fertilizer brand. The resulting product is granulated and dried to a moisture content of 8%. Get the finished product with a ratio of N: P: K = 1.0: 1.7: 2.2 and the following content of components, wt.%:
N - 3,55
P - 6.0
K - 7.8
Sa - 14.1
Mg - 1,0
Amount M.E. - 1.0
The organic content is 35.5%.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of producing organic fertilizers, including mixing lignin with ammonium nitrate and 50% sulfuric acid, mixing for 30-60 minutes, followed by the addition of phosphorus and potassium-containing components, calcium carbonate, magnesium salts, trace elements and growth regulator to the resulting mixture - chlorocholine chloride, granulation and drying of the product, characterized in that apatite is taken as a phosphorus-containing component and added to a mixture of modified lignin with ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid in quantities of required until the ratio N: P in the product is 1: 1.3-1.7, the mixing process is carried out to a pH of the mixture of 5.0-6.0 with further neutralization of the mixture with calcium carbonate to a pH of 6.5-8 and subsequent administration potassium salts to achieve a ratio of N: K in the finished product equal to 1: 1.8-2.2.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, as trace elements, Cu, Zn, Li, B are additionally introduced in amounts determined by the fertilizer brands.