RU2183662C1 - Vacuum drying apparatus for soap processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fat-and-oil industry. SUBSTANCE: vacuum drying apparatus has pipeline 8, cyclones 9,10, condensing unit and separation unit arranged on portion of pipeline 8 between cyclones and condensing unit. Separation unit has hose-type filters 16 operating in parallel and equipped with vessel 25 for discharge of condensate, discharge branch pipes 29, locking fittings 19,20 and pressure equalizing system. Discharge branch pipes 29 are communicated with steam pipeline 15. Condensing unit has two successively arranged shell-and-tube heat-exchangers 11,12 and steam ejector arranged between heat-exchangers. Apparatus may be used in soap production enterprises for cooling and molding of soap bars in continuous vacuum installations. Construction of apparatus provides for reduced volume of sewage water and maximum catching of soap dust on recovered filtering surfaces and, as a result, reduced involving of soap dust into sewage water. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved ecology control. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for processing fats and can be used in the oil and fat industry. Advantageously, this invention can be used in soap manufacture for cooling and forming soap in continuous installations using vacuum.

 A known installation for cooling and molding soap company "Mechanic Modern", including a soap collector, a heated strainer, a forming machine, a soap cutter and an air dryer (see Tyutyunnikov B.N., Naumenko P.V., Tovbin N.M. , Faniev GG Technology of processing fat. - M.: Food industry, 1970, p. 546-547).

 The disadvantages of the known installation are the design complexity and the presence of emissions of evaporating components into the environment.

 These drawbacks are due to heat and mass transfer and structure formation processes occurring in the soap mass during cooling and drying.

 Also known is a cooling drying unit used in the production of toilet soap, including a soap collector, a heated trough, in which a roller, a cooling drum with comb knives and a six-level dryer are rotated (see Tyutyunnikov B.N., Naumenko P.V., Tovbin N. M., G. Faniev. Technology for processing fats. - M.: Food Industry, 1970, p. 547-548).

 The disadvantages of the known technical device are the loss of soap during drying and environmental pollution.

 These disadvantages are due to the pouring of soap shavings during its transfer from one level to another, dust formation and entrainment of soap dust with a drying agent.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a plant including a soap collector, a heated filter, a variable displacement pump, a steam tube heater, a vacuum drying chamber with nozzles for spraying soap, a two-arm hopper, screw machines (pellets), a cutting machine, cyclones separators, a barometric condenser, a steam ejector and a vacuum pump (see Tyutyunnikov B.N., Naumenko P.V., Tovbin N.M., Faniev G.G. Fat processing technology. - M.: Food industry, 1970 p.551-553).

 The disadvantage of this vacuum dryer is the high percentage of soap in wastewater.

 This drawback is due to the instantaneous evaporation of moisture at the moment of spraying the soap mass and the inevitable dust formation. Small particles of soap as a result of the intense movement of the secondary vapors are carried away from the centrifugal separation apparatus and trapped in the barometric condenser by the working fluid.

 The aim of the invention is to eliminate the ingress of soap dust into wastewater.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a vacuum drying installation for processing soap, which includes a soap collector, a filter and a tubular heat exchanger heated by steam, a vacuum drying chamber communicated through a soap line with screw machines, and also using a pipeline to remove secondary vapors with cyclones, according to the invention, the pipeline in the section between the cyclones and the condensation unit is equipped with a separation unit including parallel operation bag filters with a condensate drain tank, outlet pipes, shutoff valves and a pressure equalization system, while the outlet pipes are connected to the steam line, and the condensation unit is made in the form of two shell-and-tube heat exchangers installed in series, between which a steam ejector is placed.

 Distinctive features of the proposed vacuum drying installation for soap processing is that the pipeline in the section between the cyclones and the condensation unit is equipped with a separation unit, including parallel-running bag filters with a condensate drain, outlet pipes, shut-off valves and a pressure equalization system, while the nozzles are in communication with the steam line, and the condensation unit is made in the form of two shell-and-tube heat exchangers installed in series, between which a steam ejector is placed.

 This ensures a reduction in the volume of wastewater and the most complete collection of soap dust on regenerated filter surfaces.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In figure 1. shows a schematic diagram of a vacuum dryer for processing soap; figure 2. - separation unit (top view).

 A vacuum drying installation for processing soap consists of a soap collector 1, filter 2, a tubular heater 3, a pump 4, a vacuum drying chamber 5, a two-arm hopper 6, a screw machine 7, a pipeline 8, cyclones 9, 10, and heat exchangers-condensers 11, 12 , steam ejector 13, vacuum pump 14, steam pipe 15, separation unit.

 The separation unit includes two parallel-running bag filters 16 with shut-off valves 17, 18, 19, 20. To enable the bag filter 16 to work and turn off the regeneration of the filter surface, the latter is equipped with a pressure equalization system made in the form of a bypass with valves 21, 22 .

 Bag filters 16 and heat exchangers-condensers 11, 12 through pipelines 23, 24 are in communication with condensate collectors 25 26.

 The two-arm hopper 6 is a pipeline for soap mass (soap duct) and is in communication with a screw machine 7.

 Pipeline 8, cyclones 9, 10, a separation unit consisting of bag filters 16, heat exchangers-condensers 11,12, a steam ejector 13 and a vacuum pump 14 are combined in a secondary vapor removal line.

 The bag filter 16 has an inlet pipe 27 located tangentially to the housing, a perforated sleeve 28 and an outlet pipe 29.

 The dust collector 1, the filter 2 and the tubular heat exchanger 3, as well as the outlet pipe 29 of the bag filter 16 and the steam ejector 13 through the valves 30, 31 communicate with the steam line 15.

 Installation works as follows. Before starting work, one of the bag filters 16 of the separation unit is activated. To do this, open the shut-off valves 17, 18 on the corresponding line, close the valves 21, 22 in the pressure equalization system and valve 31 on the steam supply line.

 Cooling water is supplied to the annular space of the heat exchangers-condensers 11, 12. The vacuum pump 14 is turned on (or depending on the required vacuum in the vacuum drying chamber 5 and the secondary vapor removal line — the vacuum pump 14 and the steam ejector 13) and inert gas is removed from the vacuum line (when entering the stationary mode). To enable the steam ejector 13 in operation on the steam supply line, open the valve 30.

 The vacuum in the sealed volume will affect the flow of cooling water necessary for the most complete condensation of the secondary vapors in the heat exchangers-condensers 11, 12.

The cooked soap enters the soap collector 1, and from it passes by gravity through the heated filter 2, in which random mechanical impurities are retained. Then, the soap mass is pumped by a variable capacity pump 4 through a tubular heat exchanger 3 into a vacuum drying chamber 5. In the heater 3, the soap is heated to a temperature of 80-140 ^o C. The degree of heating is determined by the final concentration of soap and the amount of moisture that needs to be evaporated. In a vacuum drying chamber 5, hot soap is sprayed through nozzles; the moisture contained in the mass instantly evaporates, and the latter cools. The cooled soap through a two-arm bunker 6 (soap line) enters the screw machine 7, where the mass is pressed and squeezed out through a rectangular mouthpiece in the form of an endless bar.

 Water vapor along with entrained soap dust from the vacuum drying chamber 5 through the pipeline 8 enters the cyclones 9.10 to separate material flows in the field of centrifugal forces. From the smallest particles of soap, water vapor is cleaned in a bag filter 16, while the tangentially located inlet pipe 27 ensures the swirling of the flow, and the sleeve 28 - separation by filtration. Next, completely purified water vapor enters the heat exchanger 11, where it condenses. Non-condensed steam is discharged from the heat exchanger-condenser 11 by the working medium (high pressure steam) of the steam ejector 13 and condenses with it in the heat exchanger-condenser 12.

 To regenerate the filter surface of the perforated sleeve 28, a parallel bag filter 16 is first put into operation: the valve 21 on the pressure equalization line connecting the system with the atmosphere is closed, valve 22 is opened and the pressure in the working volume of the bag filter 16 is reduced, shut-off valves 19, 20 are opened, which cut apparatus from the secondary vapor removal line.

 After that, the working bag filter 16 is turned off for regeneration. For this, valves 17, 18, valve 22 are closed and valve 31 is opened on the steam line. The steam entering the bag filter 17 through the outlet pipe 29, cleans the perforated sleeve 28 from soap. The condensate generated during the regeneration of the perforated sleeve 28 in the bag filter 16 is discharged through a pipe 23 to the condensate collector 25 and then for cleaning. The condensate formed in the heat exchangers-condensers 11, 12, through pipelines 24 enters the collector 26.

 At present, Nefis OJSC (Kazan Chemical Plant named after M. Vakhitov) is modernizing the existing vacuum dryer for processing continuous soap, which is adopted as a prototype. The implementation of the proposed as an invention vacuum drying plant will eliminate the ingress of soap dust into wastewater and reduce their volume.

Claims (1)

 A vacuum drying installation for processing soap, including a soap collector, a filter and a tubular heat exchanger heated by steam, a vacuum drying chamber communicated through a soap line with screw machines, as well as using a pipeline to remove secondary vapors with cyclones, a condensation unit and a pressure reducing unit consisting of a steam ejector and a vacuum pump, characterized in that it is equipped with a separation unit located in the pipeline between the cyclones and the condensation unit, having parallel bag filters with e a condensate drain pipe, outlet pipes, shutoff valves and a pressure equalization system, while the outlet pipes are connected to the steam line, and the condensation unit is made in the form of two shell-and-tube heat exchangers installed in series, between which a steam ejector is placed.

Images