RU2182664C2 - Method of mining solid mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry; applicable in mining and processing of ores, placer sands, solid fuel minerals, precious stones, building rock materials and some other nonrocky solid minerals. SUBSTANCE: method of mining solid mineral deposits of nonrocky type concentrated in horizontal and gently pitching, flat sheet, sheet-like, vein and lanticular deposits and also in pocket-like and isometric bodies, separate and drawn together in horizontal plane with small thickness is realized by preliminary separation of open cast field (or placer area) into operation blocks with quality standardized, temporary quality nonstandardized and quality nonstandardized minerals and barren rock whose boundaries are later defined more accurately on basis of carried out combined exploration and testing. In this case, only blocks with quality standardized mineral are mined by excavation of prismatic members, separation of lower producing part from them and return of rock part of prismatic members to worked-out space. Recovered mineral is subjected after mineral preparation to primary processing at a place of mining. EFFECT: higher efficiency of mineral use in development of solid mineral deposits of said types by reduction of terms of their development, capital and operation costs, increased fullness of mineral extraction and recovery of useful components, higher ecological and social safety. 3 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of alluvial, ore, coal, shale and other deposits of solid minerals composed of several rock masses.

 Various technical options (the so-called technological schemes) of an open method for the development of horizontally and hollow deposits of solid mineral deposits of non-rock type, based on the now-called physical and technical geotechnology [1], with overburden rock placement, are known and received industrial application in mining. external or internal dumps (or both) and transportation of extracted minerals to stationary, semi-stationary and, less commonly, mobile processing processing complex installations or [2].

 The main disadvantages of these options for an open method of developing deposits of this type, called by some experts [2], are the transfer of all overburden to dumps and transportation of extracted minerals to processing plants or complexes, often over considerable distances, sometimes reaching 3-5 km or more.

 In its technical essence, the closest to the claimed one is the development method, taken as a prototype, which includes opening the productive layer of the through trench to a depth of the raft - during the development of placer deposits and to underlying horizontal or flat rock deposits - during the development of ore, coal and other similar (according to mining-geological and mining-technical conditions) deposits of solid minerals, the extraction of minerals from overburden and the subsequent tab you driver running space [3].

The disadvantages of this method are:
preparation of the surface of the quarry field (landfill during the development of placers), removal and violation of the soil and vegetation layer during the excavation of opening trenches, their mandatory penetration of the entire length of the quarry field (landfill), shallow depth of development, which greatly limits the type of deposits that may be worked out using this method.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of open development of horizontally and hollow deposits of solid minerals of non-rock type by reducing the time of development of deposits, capital and operating costs, increasing the completeness of subsoil use and environmental safety.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing solid mineral deposits of non-rock type, including combined operational exploration and testing, an autopsy combined with temporary overburden, extraction of minerals, mineral preparation and primary processing of mineral raw materials, laying out the worked out space, according to the invention, is carried out promptly , in a single technical and organizational-technological complex, combined operational exploration and testing of useful and digging or minerals within this zone of a quarry field or a landfill, the allocation of prismatic excavation elements with conditioned minerals in it, the extraction of these elements, including their "cutting" and the rise in integrity to the surface along with the undisturbed soil and plant layer, separation from it the productive part, mineral preparation and primary processing of mineral raw materials at the place of mining of the operational block, partial extraction of conditioned minerals from adjacent blocks of shafts or elements with side mining from a temporarily formed mined-out space, laying of the mined-out space with the neutralized wastes of a given mining and processing plant, lowering the mining part of the mining element to the former place, leaving blocks and their elements with substandard mineral resources untouched by mining operations.

 In the method, the prismatic rock element is first separated from the array and raised temporarily to the surface, and then the prismatic excavation element of the reservoir or reservoir is removed.

 In the method, with significant power of the overburden or reservoir, or reservoir, or both, they are excavated separately and sequentially divided into separate small elements in height.

 A method for developing solid mineral deposits of a non-rock type is carried out as follows: a quarry field or an alluvial landfill is mapped based on previously obtained or adjusted mining and geological information with allocation of sections with a part of off-balance mineral reserves, and within these sections, blocks with conditioned, temporarily substandard substandard and miserable minerals and rock blocks, which allows to determine not only the beginning and subsequent development of mining, but also rational parameters, and technological methods for the extraction and processing of minerals or minerals, distinguish the initial operational zone in the area most favorable for the initial mining of the career field, carry out combined operational exploration and testing in it, based on the quickly obtained mining and geological information, this zone is divided on operational blocks, and blocks - on the excavation elements of the working body of the mobile mining and processing unit or mobile installation and onomiko-technological principle - conditional, temporarily substandard, substandard and miserable minerals and waste rock - in this case, only production blocks with conditioned minerals are mined, and the rest are left unaffected by mining operations until the field is redeveloped when temporarily substandard minerals are converted into air conditioning category, etc .; combined opening and partial mining of the first operational unit with conditioned minerals is carried out by “cutting” along the perimeter and “cutting” along the bottom of the prismatic extraction element while maintaining the soil-vegetable layer on its surface, lifting it to the day surface and separating the productive part from it. Minerals extracted from the bowels and subjected to preliminary mineral preparation, for example, ore preparation, are processed at the place of mining; using the worked out space, a partial lateral mining of a conditioned mineral from adjacent operational blocks is made; the formed mined-out space is laid with the neutralized wastes of the local mining and processing industry; on a previously sealed tab, a rock element with a soil and plant layer in its upper part, previously separated from the massif, is replaced; adjacent blocks or their elements with substandard minerals or rocks are left unaffected by mining operations, i.e. whole.

 The method is carried out by initially separating a prismatic rock element placer from an array of a quarry field or a landfill and lifting it to the day surface and then extracting the excavation element of the reservoir or reservoir. In the method, with significant power of the overburden or productive formation or both, they are seized separately and sequentially divided into separate elements of small height.

Sources of information
1. Mining. Development and conservation of the bowels of the earth./ Ed. K.N. Trubetskoy. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 1997.

 2. Sekisov G. V. Mineral objects and their rational development. - M .: Nauka, 1994.

 3. RF patent 1831569 - prototype. A, IGD DO AN, USSR, 07/30/1993.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of developing solid mineral deposits of a non-rock type, including combined operational exploration and testing, an autopsy combined with a temporary overburden, extraction of minerals, mineral preparation and primary processing of mineral raw materials, laying out the developed space, characterized in that they are produced promptly in a single technical and organizational and technological complex combined operational exploration and testing of minerals or minerals in pre In this area of the quarry field or in the placer landfill, the allocation of prismatic extraction elements with conditioned minerals in it, the extraction of these elements, including their “cutting” and the rise in integrity to the surface along with the undisturbed soil and plant layer, separation of the productive part from it, mineral preparation and primary processing of mineral raw materials at the place of mining of the operational block, partial excavation of the conditioned mineral of adjacent blocks or elements by side mining from temporarily formed mined-out space, laying the mined-out space with the neutralized wastes of a given mining and processing plant, lowering the rock part of the excavation element to its former place, leaving blocks and their elements with substandard mineral resources untouched by mining operations.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the prismatic rock element is first separated from the array and raised temporarily to the surface, and then the prismatic excavation element of the reservoir or reservoir is removed.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that with significant thickness of the overburden or reservoir, or deposits, or both, they are excavated separately and sequentially divided into separate elements of small height.