RU2179158C1 - Method and apparatus for cleaning outbursts of air and livestock waste water by means of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves solving contaminated air discharged from animal farms in water and growing plants in such water with the usage of illumination. Growing is performed in vessels arranged in tiers on housing wall, with vessel bottoms being inclined with respect to housing wall. Outer bottom surfaces are formed light-reflecting. Illumination is provided by means of lamps arranged centrally of housing, between tier rows of vessels. EFFECT: increased efficiency by useful employment of areas and spaces and suitable illumination systems, and reduced power consumption. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the biological treatment of air emissions and effluents of livestock complexes.

 The creation of large livestock farms and their transfer to an industrial basis leads to a significant violation of the ecological balance, including in the airspace both on the farm territory and in the surrounding areas. Huge amounts of polluted air are emitted into the atmosphere. For example, to ensure optimal conditions for keeping one chicken in order to remove gases and heat, it is necessary to provide air exchange of 5 cubic meters per hour.

 The problem of cleaning the environment from pollution by harmful effluents and air emissions is very acute.

 In this regard, plants and animals can become equal participants in one inextricable technological chain in the biotic circulation.

 The use of plants of the Ryaskov family (Lemna) for the biological treatment of wastewater and air emissions of livestock complexes is very promising. In terms of yield, this plant is superior to many others and gives 55 tons (in terms of dry matter) of fodder mass per ha.

 In the Russian Federation, in vivo, the thermophilic plant "Ryaska" reproduces no more than 2-3 months a year. Therefore, along with the use of open water bodies, we consider it advisable to grow it in artificial conditions.

 In our installation using a closed cycle of wastewater treatment and air emissions, year-round continuous cultivation of this plant is possible. Proteins, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds contained in wastewater and air emissions are used by Ryaska as nutrients, releasing oxygen in the process of life.

 The heat currently emitted from air emissions into the atmosphere can also be used in our cleaning process.

 A known method and installation for wastewater treatment of livestock complexes by contact with the root system of plants (1).

 However, the known method and installation does not provide for the purification of air emissions.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a solution in which the air emissions and wastewater are treated using plants simultaneously, which involves the removal of contaminated air by an air pump, its dissolution in wastewater and the cultivation of plants in them (2).

 The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows: low productivity due to inefficient use of space, lack of an effective lighting system, the use of plants inferior in yield to "Ryaske".

 The technical essence of the invention is to increase productivity due to more economical use of space, creating an effective lighting system and reducing energy consumption.

 To this end, in a method for purifying air emissions and wastewater of livestock breeding complexes using plants, comprising discharging contaminated air using an air pump, dissolving it in water and growing it under illumination of plants, according to the invention, the plants are grown in containers arranged in tiers on the walls of the housing with bottoms inclined towards the side of the housing walls having reflective outer surfaces, the lighting being carried out using lighting elements - lamps located in the center buildings between rows of tiers of containers, and plants of the Ryaskov family are used as plants.

 A method for purifying air emissions and wastewater of livestock complexes using plants is carried out in the device shown in FIG. 1.

 In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the operation of a device for cleaning air emissions and wastewater of livestock complexes using plants.

 A device for cleaning air emissions and wastewater of livestock complexes using plants includes a building 1, on the walls of which are arranged in tiers of a tank 2 for growing plants. Tanks 2 are made with bottoms 3 inclined towards the walls of the housing 1 and having reflective outer surfaces. In the center of the building 1 between the rows of tiers of containers 2 installed lighting elements - lamps 4. The discharge of air emissions (polluted air) and waste water from the premises for growing animals 10 is carried out through pipelines 6 and 7, respectively. Polluted air using an air pump 5 through a pipe 6 is fed into a container 9, where it dissolves in water (or in water with the addition of wastewater) and then through a pipe 8 it enters a tank for growing plants 2. Harvested "Ryaski" is used as feed and along with the oxygen released during the life of plants in the room for growing animals 10.

 The operation of the device is as follows: water (wastewater diluted with water to the desired concentration), enters through a pipe 8 in a container 2 for growing plants. In the case of air purification, the contaminated air is sucked from the room for growing animals 10 using an air pump 5, it is dissolved in an intermediate tank 9 in water, and fed through a pipe 8 to a tank for growing plants 2. In this case, the heat of the polluted air discharged from the room is utilized animals to heat the water supplied to the tank for growing plants 2. Since the specific heat of water is much higher than the heat capacity of air, it is required to cool the room to the desired temperature a relatively small amount of water.

 Cultivation of "Duckweed" can be carried out round-the-clock under artificial lighting using lamps 4. Harvesting is carried out about once every 3 days. Grown "Duckweed" is used as animal feed and, along with the oxygen released during the growing process, is fed to the animal growing room 10.

 Optimally, the device for growing "duckweed" should be placed in a room for growing animals.

 The present invention improves the productivity of the installation for the purification of air emissions and wastewater of livestock complexes using plants by increasing the useful area for growing plants (in a building with a volume of 1 cubic meter, the useful area for growing plants is 8 sq. M), increase economic efficiency due to heat recovery from air emissions and the use of duckweed as animal feed. The protein content in Ryaska reaches 30%.

 We consider it to be very promising to use the proposed method and device for solving the problem of life support on spaceships - creating a microclimate in the room, bioconversion of exhaust air and sewage into green fodder biomass with the help of the "duckweed" for subsequent feeding to animals (birds) in order to provide food for the crew of the ship .

Sources of information
1. RF patent N 2111178, publ. 1998.

 2. Application DE N 4305754 A1, 1994.

Claims (3)

 1. A method for cleaning air emissions and wastewater of livestock breeding complexes using plants, comprising discharging contaminated air using an air pump, dissolving it in water and growing it under lighting of plants, characterized in that the plants are grown in tiers located on the walls of the housing containers with bottoms inclined towards the walls of the body, having reflective outer surfaces, while lighting is carried out using lamps located in the center of the body between the rows tiers of containers.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the plants use plants of the family "Ryaskovye" (Lemna).  3. Device for cleaning air emissions and wastewater of livestock complexes using plants, containing containers for growing plants, an air pump, a piping system for draining polluted air and wastewater, lighting elements, characterized in that the tanks for growing plants are arranged in tiers on the walls cases and have bottoms inclined towards the walls of the case body with reflective external surfaces, and the lighting elements are made in the form of lamps that are located in the center of the body and between the rows of containers tiers.

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