RU2178131C2 - Heat and mass exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-power engineering. SUBSTANCE: heat and mass exchanger has shell, upper and lower end plates, liquid and heating agent supply branch pipes; steam or superheated water is used as heating agent; liquid supply branch pipes are tangentially connected to shell and heating agent supply branch pipes are connected with shell through intermediate chamber and holes in shell or tangential nozzles; shell may consists of several shells interconnected by means of adapter rings; lower portion of shell is placed in sleeve which consists of two shells of different diameters connected by means of adapter ring with tangential discharge branch pipe and upper and lower end plates of sleeve; shell is also provided with rectangular or round or oval section which are designed for discharge of liquid into sleeve; shell is extended for connection with lower end plate of sleeve separating part of internal space over center of sleeve from sleeve; nozzles are fitted in wall of sleeve and/or on adapter ring of sleeve or on upper end plate of sleeve. EFFECT: enhanced operational efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering, and can be used to heat water (or another liquid) with steam or superheated water when they are in direct contact, as well as a kinetic pump (injector), for example, to supply liquid without using a mechanical pump or to increase fluid pressure through the use of kinetic energy of the coolant (steam, in rare cases, superheated water).

 Known and found application are jet heat and mass exchangers in which water is heated when it is in direct contact with steam. Steam reaches sound speed, mixes with water, forming a homogeneous two-phase mixture. Kinetic energy and steam are transferred to water, and kinetic energy of water passes into the energy of water pressure. When steam comes into contact with water, it condenses. The water pressure at the outlet of the apparatus may be slightly higher than the vapor pressure and the water pressure at the inlet to the apparatus. Such is the apparatus called the “Transsonic” (see Russian patent 2016261).

 The disadvantage of this apparatus is the insufficient depth of regulation of the loads on the consumption of steam and water, especially at low vapor pressures. For example, heating water with steam in a heating system or hot water supply without using a mains pump is possible only in a very narrow range of loads. It does not have a large enough capacity, so several devices have to be installed on one heating system. The efficiency of using the kinetic energy of steam in such a heat exchanger is not more than 8-10 percent, (the kinetic energy of the water flow is poorly used).

 More effective are centrifugal-vortex heat and mass exchangers. They provide a rotational movement of water with an increase in the radius of twist of water and with an increase in pressure from the center of the twist to the periphery. The fluid velocity decreases with an increase in the swirl radius, and the water pressure rises, and the fluid pressure in each subsequent rotating layer increases in proportion to the swirl velocity in the second degree. In this case, the total pressure significantly increases at the maximum spin radius (on the apparatus wall) due to the addition of the pressures of each rotating layer of water. The efficiency of using the kinetic energy of a steam jet tangentially entering the flow of rotating water is higher than that of direct-fire apparatuses.

 Such is the "Deaerator" (SU 1134842, 01/15/1985). The heat and mass exchanger contains a shell in the form of a shell, end caps, inlet pipes of a liquid and a heating agent, which is steam or superheated water, and the inlet pipes (pipe) of the liquid are tangentially connected to the case, and the pipes of the heating agent are connected to the interior of the case through an intermediate chamber and openings in the housing or tangential nozzles. The disadvantage of this apparatus is that the kinetic energy of the steam is not used or is used poorly to increase the pressure of the heated water leaving the apparatus. In addition, if the steam transfers its kinetic energy to the water inside the housing, then the rotation speeds of the water increase, both at the outlet of the housing and at the entrance to it. Therefore, the water pressure on the walls of the housing in the upper part increases, that is, the back pressure of the water inside the housing increases. It can also work as a kinetic pump that uses the kinetic energy of steam to heat the liquid and transport it at a higher pressure than the initial pressure of steam and liquid. The aim of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the apparatus by using the kinetic energy of the steam not only to heat the liquid, but also to transport it to other apparatuses and pipelines instead of the pump, and to achieve at the outlet of the apparatus a pressure higher than the pressure of the steam entering the apparatus and water, expanding functionality by using it as a steam-jet ejector - a liquid heater, for heating water while using steam of increased parameters To transport liquid. For example, using it as a contact water heater for a heating network installed instead of the surface or together with the surface, in case of failure, or for preheating the water going to deaeration due to direct contact with steam or superheated water, use Thermal power plants as low pressure heaters (HDPE) instead of bulky surface heaters and at the same time injection-type pumping devices. The goals are realized in a heat and mass exchanger containing a shell in the form of a shell, lower and upper end caps, inlet pipes of a liquid and a heating agent, which is steam or superheated water, and the inlet pipes of a liquid are connected tangentially to the case, and the pipes of the heating agent are connected to the case through an intermediate the chamber and the holes in the housing or tangential nozzles, moreover, according to the invention, the housing can be composed of several shells interconnected by transition rings, lower The main part of the body is placed in a glass, which is a shell or composed of two shells of different diameters, connected by a transition ring, with a tangential branch pipe and the upper and lower end caps of the glass, and the body has openings of a rectangular, round, or oval cross-section for liquid exit from the case to the glass, the case extended to the connection with the lower cover of the glass so that it separates from the glass a part of its internal space in the center of the glass, and in the glass wall or (and) on the transition to nozzle connected tangentially to the cup wall or at an acute angle to the adapter ring of the cup or to the upper annular cap of the cup, connecting the annular space enclosed between the casing and the cup with the supply pipe of the heating medium directly or through an intermediate the camera. According to paragraph 2 of the invention, the intermediate chamber, through which the heating agent enters the nozzles and the annular space of the glass, is divided into separate sections, each of which has its own supply pipe of the heating medium.

 The drawing shows a longitudinal section of a heat and mass exchanger. The heat and mass exchanger contains a hollow cylindrical body 1 in the form of a shell of one diameter or composed of several shells of different diameters connected by adapter rings, the upper end cover 2, and the lower 3, (in fact, the device has no top and bottom, it can also work in an inverted state and in a horizontal position, the top and bottom are conventionally accepted), at least one tangential water supply pipe 5 connected to the housing, steam tangential nozzles, or tangential drilled holes, or radial openings or openings at an acute angle to tangent 6, intended for supplying heating steam into the casing at low (up to sound) speeds, an intermediate steam chamber 7 (steam manifold) with an inlet pore pipe 8 from the steam line (chamber 7 may be partitioned and have several inlet pipes 8a, 8b, etc.). The shells 9 and 9a serve as the outer walls of a low-capacity vessel (cup) into which the lower part of the housing 1 is lowered. (The cup does not have to be composed of two shells of different diameters, a shell of one diameter is possible). The small container (glass) has an upper cover 10 through which the housing 1 is passed (the same cover 10 can be a partition between the glass and the steam manifold 7), the lower annular cover 11 and the tangential pipe 12 for draining the heated liquid. There is an additional steam manifold 13 (intermediate steam chamber) with an inlet steam pipe 14 from the steam line (this ring collector 13 can be divided into sectors, i.e., into several steam chambers or into separate ring collectors located one above the other, with separate steam nozzles 14, 14a, etc. It is also possible to attach nozzles 14 directly to nozzles 15, 15a). Steam manifolds (chambers) 13 are connected to the inner part of the glass by means of accelerating nozzles 15 or 15a, which are mounted tangentially to the shell 9 or (and) at an acute angle to the adapter ring 19 or to the upper lid 10 of the glass. These are accelerating nozzles in which steam exits at critical or supercritical speeds (sonic and supersonic). In the housing 1 there are openings 17 for water to exit from the housing 1 into the glass 9 (these openings can be rectangular, round, oval). The number 18 denotes the continuation of the housing 1 below the cover 3. The number 19 denotes the adapter ring connecting the two shells of the glass (low-capacity tank) of which it consists.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows
Option one
Heated water is supplied into the housing through the tangential pipe 5. Water acquires a rotational movement and fills the entire volume of the housing. Steam, pressure 6.0-13.0 atm, is supplied through the steam pipe to nozzles 14 (in one or several, depending on the expected fluid flow), the steam flow rate is constant, determined only by the steam pressure and nozzle cross-section (the nozzle cross-section is selected such so that the steam flow rate at critical and supercritical speeds does not exceed a certain value, so as not to overheat the water). This steam is used to transfer its kinetic energy to water in order to increase the pressure of the liquid in the pipe 12 and to supply water through a certain resistance instead of a pump (for water injection). With a significant change in the apparatus’s load on water consumption, it is possible to turn off part of the nozzles using a shut-off element on the inlet pipe 14 of one or several sections of the chamber 13. Using steam supplied through the pipe 8, manifold 7, and through nozzles (openings) 6 with subcritical steam velocities , inside the housing 1, water is heated to the desired temperature, controlled by a thermometer installed in the pipe 12 (the pressure of the steam supplied through the pipe 8 should not be lower than 2 ata). The steam flow rate is regulated by the regulatory body on the steam line supplying steam to the nozzles 8. The flow of rotating water spirals downward, meeting the steam flow from the holes (nozzles) 6 and heats up without hydroblows. Further, the water heated to a certain temperature enters through the windows (openings) 17 into the annular space between the glass and the continuation of the housing 18, where steam escapes into the water stream leaving the tangential nozzles 15 (or 15a) at a critical or supercritical speed. The kinetic energy of the steam is transmitted to the rotating stream of water and its rotation speed and energy increase. Moreover, the speed of the rotating flow of water decreases with increasing radius of rotation of the liquid, and the pressure increases. Initially (at the radius of the meeting of the steam flow with water), the fluid flow acquires maximum speed. Therefore, an increase in the diameter of the glass in the lower part (making a glass of two shells of different diameters) contributes to an increase in water pressure at the outlet of the apparatus. If the total temperature of the water at the outlet of the pipe 12 is below normal, then add steam through the pipe 8, and if higher, then reduce it, with a constant flow of steam through the accelerating nozzle 15 (15A). The high speed of rotation of water in the glass contributes to the ejection of water from the housing 1 through the windows 17, without significantly increasing the speed of rotation of the water inside the housing 1, since the torque is almost not transmitted into the housing 1 through the windows 17 and does not increase the back pressure of the water to the pipe 5.

Second option
Water in the pipe 5 enters without pressure (ejected due to the formation of vacuum inside the housing 1). The housing is pre-filled with liquid. Steam is supplied through the booster nozzle 15. The fluid enters the housing through the pipe 5 (pipe 5). If necessary, heating steam is supplied through pipe 8. The presence of rectangular or round or oval cross-sections in the lower part of the casing (and not the presence of a single space with accelerating nozzles) does not allow the high fluid rotation speeds achieved in the annular space of the glass to be transmitted inside the glass and transmit the main part of its kinetic energy, due to which the pressure in the fluid supply pipe does not increase (does not create back pressure at the beginning of the apparatus).

 Lengthening the casing down to the connection with the lower lid of the glass reduces the central zone (dead) inside the glass, in which non-condensable gases and steam accumulate (moreover, steam can condense in this zone with water hammer). This increases the reliability of the device.

 The installation on the wall of the glass and (or) on the transition ring or on the upper annular cover of the glass of steam conical nozzles or Laval nozzles, the mouths of which are brought inside the glass, allowing to provide critical (sonic) and supercritical (supersonic) speeds of steam, allows increasing the speed of rotation of water not inside the casing (which entails an increase in water pressure on the casing walls and a general back pressure inside the casing), and in the annular space between the casing and the glass and its velocity head, which turns into static pressure in the discharge pipe.

 The execution of the body and the glass from the shells of different diameters allows you to better transform the speed pressure of the rotating water into static (with an increase in the radius of twist of the liquid its speed decreases and the pressure increases).

 The separation of the intermediate steam chamber in front of the groups of accelerating nozzles (nozzles with critical and supercritical velocities) into separate sections allows you to stepwise change the number of working nozzles and, accordingly, the number of accelerating steam when the load of the apparatus changes without reducing the rate of exit of steam (heating agent) from the nozzles.

 The presence of holes or tangential nozzles in the casing of the apparatus above the outlet openings makes it possible to provide controlled heating of the liquid by heating steam and use not only the energy of accelerating steam, but also the energy of heating steam at critical speeds when there is water pressure in front of the apparatus.

 Attaching the fluid inlet to the housing tangentially allows you to use the fluid pressure energy available in front of the apparatus to turn it into kinetic fluid rotation energy and, ultimately, into the pressure energy at the outlet of the apparatus.

Claims (2)

 1. A heat and mass exchanger comprising a shell in the form of a shell, lower and upper end caps, inlet pipes of a liquid and a heating agent, which is steam or superheated water, moreover, the inlet pipes of the liquid are connected tangentially to the body, and the pipes of the heating agent are connected to the body through an intermediate chamber and holes in the housing or tangential nozzles characterized in that the housing can be composed of several shells interconnected by adapter rings, the lower part of the housing is placed in a glass, before which is a shell or composed of two shells of different diameters connected by an adapter ring, with a tangential branch pipe and an upper and lower end caps of the glass, and the case has openings of a rectangular, or round, or oval cross-section for liquid to exit the case into the glass, and the housing is extended until it is connected to the lower lid of the glass so that it separates from the glass a part of its internal space in the center of the glass, and in the glass wall or (and) on the transition ring of the glass or on the upper lid of the glass nozzles are mounted tangentially to the wall of the glass or at an acute angle to the transition ring of the glass or to the upper annular cover of the glass, connecting the annular space enclosed between the body and the glass, with the inlet pipe of the heating medium pipeline directly or through an intermediate chamber.  2. The heat and mass exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate chamber, through which the heating agent enters the nozzles and the annular space of the glass, is divided into separate sections, each of which has its own supply pipe of the heating medium.