RU217787U1 - WIND SOLAR POWER PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to combined wind and solar power plants and can be used to generate energy at the household level and in field conditions. The technical result of this solution is the expansion of the arsenal of VSEU technical means. Also, the technical result is the ability to operate the installation at low wind flows, regardless of its direction. These technical results are achieved due to the fact that a wind solar power plant is claimed, containing a frame on which a vertical-axial rotor with blades is installed, rigid solar panels directing the wind flow, where the rotor is connected to a generator, characterized in that Bernoulli combs are installed around the rotor blades along the square elements of the upper and lower supports, which together form a frame.

Description

The utility model relates to combined wind and solar power plants and can be used to generate energy at the household level and in field conditions.

The problem of modern wind and solar power generators is that all modern windmills and photovoltaic converters (solar panels) are based on developments more than a century ago. Windmills generally became known in Europe (Southern Spain) in the 12th century. Since then, they have not fundamentally changed. Efficiency has increased (more precisely, the coefficient of use of wind energy (kiev)), coming close to the theoretical limit of 0.5926. However, during the operation of highly efficient wind turbines, it turned out that they are extremely noisy and produce a dangerous level of vibration. Therefore, the most efficient (and the most noisy and vibration-loaded) one- and two-blade installations are prohibited for operation. For the most commonly used three-bladed windmills, the average annual kiev, as a rule, is at the level of 0.24-0.28, which is not much higher than that of windmills of the 19th and even 18th centuries. In order to bring the average annual efficiency of wind energy conversion to acceptable levels, windmills are increasingly being taken out to the shelf areas of the seas. Thus, the average annual Kiev can be brought up to 0.31.

On the other hand, at present, photoelectric converters are increasingly being used. Their range is very large, both in price, where you can find very cheap "Chinese" solar panels, and extremely expensive "American" and "Japanese" (the names are written in quotation marks because all of them, with rare exceptions, are made in China ). Moreover, according to their main characteristic - the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy, all of them are approximately at the same level, having differences within the statistical error of 15-22%.

Since today's solar panels are manufactured in huge factories in batches of many millions of square meters, their market price is currently set at about $0.8 per watt of rated power.

It would be logical to supplement the windmill with a solar panel and get a significant (almost a third) increase in power and stability in operation for a small increase in price. But a simple installation of a solar panel on a windmill only leads to an increase in the swept area and, accordingly, to a decrease in the specific efficiency of the integrated installation: windmill 1m ² with a power of 300 watts + solar panel 1m ² with a power of 150 watts \u003d 2 m ² with a power of 450 watts, or 1 m ² power of 225 watts.

At the same time, the disadvantages are structurally combined: a very noisy and vibrating windmill remains, the windmill and the solar panel require separate inverters and batteries, that is, at the output we get an installation that is almost twice as expensive with a slight increase in power. But, however, the reliability and stability of work sharply increases.

Various civil wind turbines are known.

Wind turbines "Wind-Rotor" (JSC "NIIMESTPROM" Nizhny Novgorod) of small and medium power for civil purposes - these are wind turbines of the rotor type. They are designed to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into rotational motion of the rotor, followed by the generation of electrical energy by the generator, which is used to supply power to individual residential buildings, cottages, small rural municipalities, holiday villages, peasant farms and other consumers connected to centralized power supply systems. impossible or very expensive.

Known vertical wind generator LT 1500 (Company "Light City"), which has 2 rows of blades with the effect of turbulence. Designed to convert mechanical wind energy into electrical energy. Recommended mast height range 3-10m. The wind generator can be equipped with a battery charge controller with a nominal output voltage of 12/24/48 V.

Also known is the model of the wind generator "VEU-Istok 800-1", which was one of the first rotary vertical-axis installations. In fact, its small size, compared to other models, and a small swept area showed decent results at the stage of test launches.

AeroGreen wind-solar installations are known (http://aerogreen.info/). The wind-solar installation consists of an upper fairing, an electric generator, an annular fairing, and an aerodynamic turbine. The aerodynamic turbine consists of two multi-blade wind wheels, one of which is fixed and designed to direct the air flow, made according to the scheme of an axial turbine of a modern aircraft engine from light composite materials to convert the air flow into torque.

This wind turbine does not require orientation to the wind, it is made using modern turbine technologies from lightweight composite materials, operating in a wide wind speed range (3-50 m/s).

The upper fairing with flexible solar panels (elements) is designed to protect the aerodynamic turbine from adverse atmospheric effects and create a rarefaction zone for organizing directed air flow. Flexible solar cells allow you to convert solar energy into electricity.

The main advantage of the AeroGreen wind turbine is that, at a manufacturing price comparable to traditional wind turbines, the efficiency of using wind is 2 times higher than that of similar traditional designs, which is confirmed by comparative laboratory tests.

The permanent magnet electric generator is designed for highly efficient conversion of the torque generated by the aerodynamic turbine into electrical energy.

AeroGreen does not require wind orientation. Traditional installations are either directed in one direction, from where the wind predominantly blows, or equipped with a wind tracking system, which is either very expensive electronic or mechanical, which reduces the wind utilization rate, since it cannot monitor the wind effectively and in a timely manner.

There are similar installations, which also do not care which side the wind blows, but their efficiency is more than 2 times less than traditional ones.

The annular fairing and housing with guide planes are designed to protect the aerodynamic turbine from adverse atmospheric effects and to ensure acceleration and organization of multidirectional gusty wind for stable operation of the wind turbine.

The unit has a low breaking speed (from 1 m/s). At negative temperatures, due to the closed design, there is no icing during operation in conditions of snowfall, sleet.

In gale-force winds, the AeroGreen installation is seeing an increase in efficiency, at a time when traditional structures either “fold” and stop working to avoid breaking the entire structure, or use special expensive braking systems. Design features allow you to almost completely get rid of noise, thanks to the use of a high-speed turbine (noise during operation is typical for bladed wind turbines).

Known vertical wind turbines VAWT (USA). Wind turbines Vertical Axis Wind Turbines manufactured in the USA (https://wiki5.ru/wiki/Vertical_axis_wind_turbine) are currently considered the best vertical wind turbines in the world. Turbines for commercial or private operation in air or water range from 2.5 kV to 250 kV.

They are effective in low wind speeds or water currents, where traditional systems are inefficient or do not work at all.

Turbines are designed for severe climate conditions. The wiring is designed to work in the arctic climate. The bearings are designed to work in all conditions, and are able to work with full icing of the blades, and the blades themselves are able to withstand the blows of hailstones the size of a golf ball. The surface of the turbine is completely covered with a protective layer.

Vertical wind turbines with permanent magnets with levitation effect are practically maintenance-free, as they have only 2 moving parts with a 15-year life (sealed bearings). The unit is capable of operating in any severe climatic conditions from the Arctic coast to the equatorial belt and regions with a high salt content in the air, without reducing efficiency. All parts of the turbine are made of 2024 aircraft aluminum and 316 stainless steel and coated with a special powder protective layer.

In order to achieve the declared power, the installation must be assembled with wind trapping screens. Wind energy is determined by the mass of the trapped air layer. In order to achieve greater efficiency or greater wind speed, the installation must be assembled with wind trapping screens. For example, a 0.5 kVA installation with a wind force of 10.72 m / s will only give out about 100 watts of energy, while with screen traps, the power reaches the declared one.

Known installation tower type company ODIN Energy (Korea), also operating on the principle of wind solar power generation. The guiding system of the installation allows to significantly increase the wind utilization factor compared to existing wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation by converting turbulent flow into laminar flow, also by increasing the wind flow velocity and applying the Venturi effect.

All known generation systems have low efficiency of wind energy use, are made in various variations of the Savonius turbine (theoretical kiev ξ - 0.18), except for the Aerogreen system.

None of the manufacturers give the values of ξ of their installation, indicating only that their installation is "twice or three times more efficient than others."

Also, all known generation systems have a high material consumption - about 500 kg per 1 kW of rated power, while WR-1 - 2000 kg per 1 kW, have a low specific power of 100-150 W per m ² of swept area at wind speeds above 10 m / sec. The smallest value shows WR-1 - 20 W, the largest LT-1500 (230 W).

These circumstances lead to a high cost of electricity produced by them.

At present, in the world's operating park of wind power plants, traditional horizontal-axis wind turbines (HA wind turbines) make up the vast majority, and hundreds of enterprises are engaged in their serial production. The lag in the development of vertical-axis wind turbines (VO wind turbines) is due to several reasons. Firstly, vertical-axis wind turbines were invented only in the 20th century (Savonius rotor - in 1929, Darrieus rotor - in 1931, Musgrove rotor - in 1975). Secondly, until recently it was believed that the marginal wind energy utilization factor for vertical-axis wind turbines is lower than for horizontal-axis propeller ones. True, as the results of modern research and operating experience show, the kiev of both horizontal-axial and vertical-axial is approximately in the same range: for horizontal-axial wind turbines 0.25-0.47, for vertical-axial 0.09-0 .48.

At the same time, the WPP has obvious shortcomings, which everyone knows about, but puts up with as an unavoidable necessity. In them, it is almost impossible to effectively orient the wind wheel when the wind direction changes due to the delay in the action of the orientation mechanisms. For wind turbines of medium and high power with a wind wheel diameter of more than 30-40 m, the efficiency of its orientation to the wind is reduced due to non-coplanarity and differences in wind flow speeds along the length of the blade span, which makes it impossible to install the wind wheel in the optimal direction of orientation. For this reason, electricity generation is reduced (due to a decrease in the energy used by the wind flow) and the economic efficiency of the wind turbine. The design disadvantages include the fact that the orientation system breaks the rigid connection between the nacelle (wind turbine housing) and the support tower of the horizontal-axis propeller wind turbine, which causes the appearance of self-oscillations and the difference in the frequency characteristics of the movable and fixed parts of the structure, which ultimately reduces reliability and increases depreciation costs.

The efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines does not fundamentally depend on the direction of the wind, and therefore there is no need for mechanisms and systems of orientation to the wind. The inequality of the characteristics of the wind flow in height leads only to some alignment of the turning moments taken from the blades.

All blade sections of a horizontal-axial propeller wind turbine are in different energy states due to differences in circumferential speeds and angles of attack. This difference is significantly reduced due to the twisting of the blade sections relative to each other. Features of the inertial loading of the blade lead to the need to narrow the profile to the end of the blade. Thus, the propeller blade is structurally much more complex than the straight, and especially symmetric with respect to the chordal plane, blade of the WPP.

The rotation of the blades of a horizontal-axis propeller wind turbine has been worked out and is used not only as a means of braking the wind wheel (along with the usual frictional one), but mainly as a means of finding the optimal blade angle to keep the wind wheel at the maximum possible number of revolutions in order to avoid its runaway. The use of a blade turning system significantly complicates the design of a wind turbine, since it requires a continuous monitoring system for the number of revolutions, and turning devices with drives for each blade, and a system for automatically controlling the angles of rotation of the blades.

The next problem of wind turbines is known to everyone and is the strong noise that they emit during operation. It appears in connection with the pressure and friction of the oncoming wind flow on the elements of the wind turbine, mainly blades, traverses, couplers. In this case, each blade and traverse experiences an alternating load, due to which mechanical noise of various frequencies can also be generated.

Among the most dangerous are ultrasound and infrasound.

Aerodynamic ultrasound can be generated by small and/or thin elements of wind turbines, for example, guy ropes, brackets, ties, bolt fasteners, fragments of dried insect bodies hitting the impeller blades, etc.

Aerodynamic infrasound appears due to the separation of the flow from the blades, the turbulence of the wind flow behind the wind turbine. This type of noise, by the way, cannot arise in principle with vertical-axis installations. Mechanical infrasound is formed in the process of the appearance of the corresponding harmonics during the operation of the rotating parts of the wind turbine hub due to the imperfection of the rubbing surfaces, obvious and hidden defects and imbalances.

In general, noise pollution in modern wind turbines is such that in order to combat it, one has to deliberately reduce the efficiency of wind energy use to 0.24. The industrial operation of one- and two-bladed wind turbines is prohibited, although they are the most efficient and provide maximum speed values.

Therefore, the continuous growth of interest in vertical-axis wind turbines is obvious, which was reflected, for example, in the implementation of at least four main methods for their development, which make it possible to create structures that most fully correspond to the conditions of their primary operation.

The wind unit (VA) of the wind solar power plant (VSEU) consists of the following devices:

1) Guide apparatus

2) Rotor

The guide apparatus consists of upper and lower supports, and fixed blades.

The upper and lower base can be either monolithic, solid and closed, or open, composite. In the center of the bases there are influxes in which the bearings are located: the upper one - rolling, the lower one - rolling, thrust.

Along the radius of the rotor on the lower base, thrust bearings can be installed, made either as plain bearings or rolling bearings.

Mounting devices are attached to the bottom base.

A skirt is attached to the lower base of the VSEU, in which there is a block of control and conversion equipment and a battery. Mounting devices are attached to the skirt.

The rotor consists of upper and lower supports (solid, monolithic for low-power VSPP, or composite for more powerful ones), as well as rotor blades.

The bases in the center contain an axle that is mounted in bearings. The axle also contains reciprocal places for installing a pulley, gears, or friction gear.

Power plants in which wind turbines and solar panels are combined in one device, including those using solar panels as wind guide flaps (for example, KR 20130062662, KR 20120080155, JP 2014169671), are also known in the patent literature, are generally known. This combination improves the efficiency of the power plant in conditions of weak, gusty winds and low sunlight.

Known wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation (RU 2550993), containing a wind turbine with S-shaped blades, equipped with a frame in the form of a polygonal prism with rotary windscreens. Wind guide screens are installed on each side of the polygonal prism with the ability to ensure smooth air flow from them to the S-shaped blades of the wind turbine. The wind turbine is made in the form of a tower. The wind guide screens are rotatable with a rotation angle of 0 to 90° with the ability to perform the function of blinds and cover each side of the frame. S-shaped blades are characterized by low speed and productivity.

Known photovoltaic autonomous power plant (RU 188712) with a vertically axial rotor on magnetic suspensions and a wind flow concentrator. The vertical-axial rotor of the wind power generator rotates inside the wind flow concentrator, which is a rigid vertical plate. The photowind autonomous power plant is equipped with a multiplier that ensures optimal transmission of torque from the rotor shaft to the generator shaft. Photoelectric converters are placed on one side of each of the flat guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow concentrator, and the reverse sides of the guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow concentrator are made of reflective materials. The vertical-axial rotor of the power plant is supported by magnetic suspensions, which are mutually repulsive permanent magnets, made in the form of disks with a hole in the middle of each disk for attaching the disks to the shaft of the vertical-axial rotor. The inverter provides stable characteristics of electricity sent to the consumer from the battery pack. The use of one asynchronous generator on magnetic suspensions with a demultiplier has a disadvantage: additional noise is created, the moment of starting the rotor increases. Rigid vertical plates have reflective surfaces on one side, and photoelectric converters on the other. The disadvantage of the design is the insufficient efficiency of the reflective surfaces in conditions of possible pollution, snow sticking, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the entire block of solar modules.

A photowind power plant is known (patent RU 193683, publ.: 11/11/2019) containing a frame on which at least two vertical-axial rotors with blades are installed one above the other, rigid solar panels directing the wind flow, each rotor is connected to a generator.

Known analogues have the same technical problems as the industrial plants described above, since they are also made according to the principle of the Savonius system.

The closest analogue is a wind power plant (patent RU 148242 U, publ.: 11/27/2014) containing a platform on which a vertical shaft is installed in a bearing support, which communicates with the rotor of the electric generator and solar panels placed on top, characterized in that the vertical shaft is rigidly a fixed aerodynamic structure is fixed, containing vertically installed panels, on which solar batteries are placed, the electrical outputs of which are connected in parallel with the winding of the rotor of the electric generator and the voltage conversion unit, to which the winding of the starter of the electric generator is also connected.

The prototype partially enhances the efficiency of Savonius system installations, but also has its own technical problems.

So, the prototype solves the problem of the ability of the installation to work regardless of the direction of the wind.

But the prototype has not solved the problem of removing air masses from above and below the rotor, as a result of which the turbulences that occur in the rotor slow down the oncoming wind flows, which limits the ability of the installation to operate at low wind flows. In addition, solar panels are not used efficiently.

The objective of this solution is to create an improved VSPP, which minimizes the shortcomings of the known VSPPs operating on the basis of the Savonius system and improves the design of the prototype.

The technical result of this solution is the expansion of the arsenal of VSEU technical means. Also, the technical result is the ability to operate the installation at low wind flows, regardless of its direction.

These technical results are achieved due to the fact that a wind solar power plant is claimed, containing a frame on which a vertical-axial rotor with blades is installed, rigid solar panels directing the wind flow, where the rotor is connected to a generator, characterized in that guide blades are installed around the rotor blades. apparatus along the square elements of the upper and lower supports, which together form a frame.

Preferably, the rotor blades are fixed above and below on the annular supports, each of which is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor by horizontally located blades, where in the lower annular support the blades are oriented with the direction of the air flow downwards, and in the upper annular support the blades are oriented with the direction of the air flow upwards.

Preferably, between the upper and lower annular supports, at least two vertically arranged blades are fixed on the axis, fixed at the top and bottom with support plates, and each support plate in the center is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

It is possible that the lower support plate in the center is connected to the rotor's axis of rotation through a freewheel.

Preferably, the guide vanes are also mounted in the upper part of the rotor above the upper annular support and oriented at an angle to it.

Preferably, the solar panels are located on the guide vanes.

Preferably, all annular support elements are transparent.

Preferably, the vanes of the guide vanes contain suction cups at the edges, which are fixed to the upper and lower supports.

Implementation of the utility model

The wind solar power plant consists of a frame on which a vertical-axial rotor with blades is installed, rigid solar panels directing the wind flow, where the rotor is connected to a generator.

What is new is that guide vanes are installed around the rotor blades along the square elements of the upper and lower supports, which together form a frame.

The guide vanes 5 (see Fig.7), placed along the square elements 4.1 and 4.2 of the upper and lower supports, respectively, provide for the intake and formation of air mass flows around the rotor blades 9 in such a way that an intersection of air masses is formed, in which air flows always occur regardless of wind direction.

Clearly, the directions of movement of the flows arising from the blades of the guide vane are shown in figure 1, in comparison with the air flows that occur in the installation of the Savonius system.

From the diagram of Fig.1 it can be seen that the working sector 2 of the claimed installation (Fig.1(B)) due to the blades of the guide vane 5 is significantly larger than the working sector 2 in a conventional installation of the Savonius system (Fig.1(A)).

At the same time, the sector of deceleration of the flow 3 of the claimed installation (Fig.1(B)) due to the blades of the guide vane 5 is significantly smaller than the working sector 2 in a conventional installation of the Savonius system (Fig.1(A)).

This occurs due to the fact that air flows 1, going beyond the sides of the square frame 4, fall on the blades of the guide vane 5 and start in the direction of the rotor blades.

Meanwhile, in a conventional installation of the Savonius system (Fig. 1(A)) such an approach does not occur, and therefore the working sector is narrow, and the braking sector is large. That is why the claimed installation, due to the square shape of the frame 4, which is formed by the square upper and lower supports together with the blades of the guide vane 5, has a greater efficiency in the use of air streams of air 1 than the conventional installation of the Savonius system (Fig. 1(A)), which allows the claimed useful model to use at low wind flows.

It should be understood that the direction of the wind flow does not affect the effect created by the claimed installation, since it is symmetrical.

If, on the other hand, the wind current blows obliquely, for example, as shown in Fig. 2, then the effect of using air currents, as can be seen from Fig. 2, is exactly the same.

The main problem of modern Savonius systems is the removal of air masses from the rotor rotation zone, where they create turbulence and prevent the newly incoming flow from effectively pressing on the blades. As a result, at low wind flows, the Savonius system does not work.

This problem is solved by a system of horizontal blades 7 (see Fig.14), mounted on an annular support 6, the center of which coincides with the axis of rotation 8 of the rotor. This system in the claimed installation is applied inverted.

Due to the fact (see Fig.6) that the rotor blades are fixed at the top and bottom on the annular supports 6.1 and 6.2, respectively, each of which is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor by horizontal blades 7.1 and 7.2, respectively, and in the lower annular support 6.2 the blades 7.2 are oriented with the direction of the air flow downwards, and in the upper annular support 6.1 the blades 7.1 are oriented with the direction of the air flow upwards, due to the rotation of the horizontally oriented blades 7.1 and 7.2, the forced removal of air masses in the upper part upwards of the rotor, and in the lower part downwards of the rotor ( see flow direction diagram in figure 3). This makes it possible to operate the unit at low wind flows, since the forced removal of air masses up and down the rotor creates additional air draft on the blades and air pressure on the latter is greater than in conventional Savonius system installations.

For starting spinning of the rotor, which provides the above forced air flow up and down the rotor, additional blades of the Darrieus system can be used, which on small wind turbines can be performed from above (elements 20.1) and from below (elements 20.2) (see Fig.4).

It is more efficient, when using only a pair of Darrieus blades, to have the top and bottom pair perpendicular, as shown in FIG.

Thus, the blades of the Darrieus system can also be carried out between the upper 6.1 and lower 6.2 annular bearings on the axis. At the same time, at least two vertically arranged blades 20 are attached at the top and bottom with support plates 21.1 (upper support plate) and 21.2 (lower support plate), where each support plate in the center is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor, its axis of rotation 8.1 and 8.2, respectively (see Fig.6).

On large installations, the longitudinal blades 20 can be placed from the upper annular support to the bottom, and they are mounted on the upper support plate 21.1 and 21.2 on the lower support plate. The bottom support plate 21.2 is connected to the axle with a freewheel (not shown in the drawings). When the rotor spins at speeds of more than 5-6 m / s, the freewheel disengages the Darrieus blades, and they hang without interfering with the rotation of the main rotor of the wind generator.

A freewheel or overrunning clutch is a mechanical device whose main task is to prevent the transmission of torque to the drive shaft from the driven one at the moments when the driven shaft starts to rotate more quickly. Any freewheel can be used for the above tasks.

Thus, on large wind turbines, the bottom support plate 21.2 in the center is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor 8.2 through a freewheel.

The claimed installation, in addition to the above elements, contains solar panels 10.1 placed on the upper part 4.1 of the square frame element, as well as solar panels 10.2 placed on the blades of the guide vane 5 (see Fig.7).

Mounting of solar panels 10.1 on the upper part 4.1 of the square frame element can be carried out rigidly or by suction cups 22 (see Fig. 12), where suction cups 22 can be connected to the panels through a hinged swivel assembly 23 (see Fig. 9).

The electrical wires of all solar panels 10 are connected in series through plug connectors 24 for solar panels (see Fig.9).

The connection diagram of all solar panels is shown in Fig. 10 and is a standard connection diagram. Common wires 16 are connected to the controller 12.

In the same controller 12, wires 14 are connected from the power generator 13, which rotates the shaft 8.2 of the rotor.

Any hybrid wind solar charge controller can be used as the controller 12, for example, a 12 V 24 V hybrid controller for 800 W 600 W 400 W (see https://verbaflowers.ru/rz140124669 or https://strelashop.ru/ product/4000214924186).

From the controller 12, power for recharging is supplied to the battery 11, to which the output 18 of the distributing voltage for the consumer is connected through the wire 17. It can be a 220V socket or a USB connector.

The battery 11, the generator 13 and the controller 12 can be placed in the lower part under the frame element 4.2 in a separate protective casing 19 in order to protect against moisture.

Solar panels 10.1, installed in the upper part of the rotor above the upper annular support 6.1, can be installed at an angle to it, which allows them to be used as additional guide vanes for better air removal from the upper part of the rotor.

The solar panels 10.2 themselves can also be located on the main guide vanes 5 themselves, which allows more energy to be received into the controller 12. Even more energy can be obtained if at least the upper annular support element 6.1 and the upper part of the frame 4.1 are made transparent (see Fig.12). In this case, more sunlight will penetrate through them to the solar panels 10.2.

Solar panels 10.2 can be attached to the guide vanes 5 rigidly (see Fig.7, Fig.8), or the entire installation can be collapsible, which allows for portability of the installation, its use at the domestic level. For disassembly of the installation, each solar panel 10.2 (they also act as guide vanes 5 are fixed with at least one suction cup 22 at the bottom to the bottom part 4.2 of the frame and one suction cup 22 to the inside of the upper part 4.1 of the frame (see Fig.11, Fig.12 ).

It is possible to use two suction cups on each side (an example of a prototype with a wind turbine removed is shown in Fig. 13).

Thus, the placement of solar panels of photoelectric converters 10 as on the blades of the guide vane 5 can significantly increase the power of solar power generation of the installation.

And the organization with the help of guides 7.1, 7.2 of the spoke apparatus of the rotor and the blade of the guide apparatus 5 of a stable wind flow allows you to use not only the wind flow along the front of the installation, but also on the sides and rear, which significantly (1.5-2 times increases the power of wind power generation ).

Theoretical justifications

The ideal formula for the power of the VSEU (reduced to 1m ² ):

Fn = ½ ξρSV ³ ,

ξ - wind energy utilization factor (assumed for the present case is 0.21 achieved and prospective 0.45),

ρ - air flow density, equal to 1.22 kg / m ³ ,

S is the area of the swept projection of the VSEU, equal to 1 m ² ,

V is the speed of the wind flow.

Since ρ and S are constants in our case, we only need to clarify the dependence of Fn 0.21, Fn 0.45 and V:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn 0.21,(W) 3.5 16.0 65.6 170.5 281.4 432.3 747.1 1024.8 Fn 0.45,(W) 7.4 34.3 140.63 365.5 603.3 926.7 1601.6 2196.9

Due to the constant change in the conditions of the flow around the rotor blades and the change in the angle of attack of the wing α from 90° to -90°, the sectoral principle was applied for the calculation. The full circle of the rotor is divided into five sectors, in which the flow conditions around the rotor blade are approximately the same, but differ significantly from the conditions in other sectors.

An approximate breakdown into sectors (A, B, C, D, E) is indicated in Fig.15.

For the aerodynamic calculation of the VSPP design (theoretical), we used the Zhukovsky formula for a thin wing:

,

,

Where:

ρ - air flow pressure,

ν - air flow velocity,

d - wing chord length (distance downstream from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing),

α - angle of attack,

In sector A (30°) Fn at α=1 is equal to

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 1.7 4.8 12.2 23.2 32.3 43 62 76.6

In sector B (90°) Fn at α=0.5 is equal to:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 0.8 2.4 6.1 11.5 16.1 21 32 38

In sector B (45°) Fn at α=0.5 is equal to:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 0.8 2.4 6.1 11.5 16.1 21 32 38

Between sectors C and D (140°) (stagnation zone 3), lift is not generated.

In sector D (45°) in a single variant, lift is practically not formed. But the force of the pressure difference acts, since the pressure in the fourth sector, due to the wind flow around the guide vane, creates a rarefaction of the order of 10% of ρ.

Because of this, the force acting on the rotor blades is equal to:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 0.5 1.2 3.2 6.0 8.45 11.25 16.2 20

In the integrated version in sector G, a force equal to ½ of the wind flow force in the first sector acts on the rotor blades:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watt) 0.8 2.4 6.1 11.5 16.1 21 31 38.2

In sector D (10 °), a force equal to about half the force in the first sector acts on the rotor blades:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watt) 0.8 2.4 6.1 11.5 16.1 21 31 38.2

The final force Fn acting on the blades of a 1-blade rotor along the entire circumference of the rotor radius is:

V,(m/s) 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 4.6 (4.9) 13.2 (14.4) 33.7 (39.9) 63.7 (69.7) 89.05 (97.1) 117.2 (125.6) 173.2 (189.3) 210 (226.2)

The number of blades is set depending on the operating conditions of the VSPP (prevailing winds, the likelihood of icing or snow cover, dust and stone hazard, etc.).

For the installation of the "Crimea" type, it was established that the VSEU-0.1 rotor will have 6 blades with a size of 100x380, VSEU-50 - 32 blades with a size of 1000 × 9800.

In addition, in each of the sectors, the reactive force formed on the rotor blades manifests itself differently depending on the impact of the wind flow.

The reactive force is calculated using the formula: Fr = kρSV ³ /2,

where k is the wind power utilization factor. For the present study, it is recognized as equal to 0.1; ρ - coefficient of wind flow density equal to 1.22; S is the area of the rotor blade, equal to 0.1 m ² .

The wind flow speed varies by sector according to the correction factors equal to:

A sector - correction 1, B sector - 1, C sector - 0.5, D sector - 0.3, D sector - 0.3.

The summing reactive force is:

V, wind 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 Fn,(Watts) 3.4 16.8 65.8 171.7 281.0 431.2 745.0 980.0

Reduced to a real VSEU-0.1 (6 blades), the summing power is:

V, wind 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 F (Watt) 3 24.8 98.7 257.55 421.5 646.8 1117.5 1470 ξ, c.i.e.v 0.2 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30

Reduced to a real VSEU-1 (12 blades with an area of 0.2 m ² ), the summing power is:

V, wind 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 F (Watt) 9.2 49.6 197.4 515.1 843 1293.6 2235.0 2940.0 ξ, c.i.e.v 0.28 0.32 0.31 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.30

Reduced to a real VSEU-5 (24 blades with an area of 0.9 m ² each), the summing power is:

V, wind 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 F (Watt) 27.8 148.8 592.2 1545.5 2529.0 3880.0 6705 8820 ξ, c.i.e.v 0.28 0.39 0.37 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.36

Reduced to a real VSEU-50 (32 blades with an area of 3 m ² each), the summing power is:

V, wind 3 5 8 eleven 13 15 18 20 F (Watt) 347.5 1860 7402.5 19318.75 31612.5 48500 83812.5 110250 ξ,c.i.e.v 0.32 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.35

Calculations for the possible generation of electricity in the Crimea (by months) (kiews - the coefficient of use of wind and solar energy).

The average generation of electricity in the Crimea with the help of HSPP of the "Crimea" type is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Wind (obtained on installation with kiews 0.4) The sun (obtained on solar cells with an efficiency of 0.1) General (for reference 1 sq. m) VSEU-0.1 (average real power, kW) VSEU-50 (average real power, kW) January 0.5 0.01 0.51 0.12 51 February 0.45 0.02 0.47 0.1 47 March 0.4 0.03 0.43 0.1 43 April 0.3 0.05 0.35 0.08 35 May 0.2 0.06 0.26 0.07 26 June 0.1 0.08 0.18 0.06 18 July 0.1 0.08 0.18 0.06 18 August 0.1 0.08 0.18 0.06 18 September 0.2 0.04 0.24 0.07 24 October 0.3 0.03 0.33 0.08 33 November 0.4 0.02 0.42 0.09 42 December 0.5 0.01 0.51 0.12 51

The schedule of electricity generation on average in the Crimea during the year (by months) is shown in Fig.16.

Electricity generation using the Krym-type plant in the Ai-Petri area is shown in Table 2.

table 2 Wind (obtained on installation with kiews 0.4) The sun (obtained on solar cells with an efficiency of 0.1) General (for reference 1 sq. m) VSEU-0.1 (average real power, kW) VSEU-50 (average real power, kW) January 1.5 0.03 6.03 3 61 February 1.35 0.03 5.53 2 55 March 1.35 0.04 5.54 2 55 April 1.3 0.05 5.05 2 50 May 1.3 0.06 5.06 2 50 June 1.2 0.08 3.08 1.5 thirty July 1.2 0.08 3.08 1.5 thirty August 1.2 0.08 3.08 1.5 thirty September 1.35 0.06 5.06 2 50 October 1.35 0.05 5.05 2 50 November 1.35 0.04 5.54 2.5 55 December 1.5 0.03 6.03 3 60

The schedule of electricity generation in the most windy place of the Crimea during the year (by months) is shown in Fig.17.

Electricity generation using the Krym-type plant in the Kerch-Feodosiya region is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Wind (obtained on installation with kiews 0.4) The sun (obtained on solar cells with an efficiency of 0.1) General (for reference 1 sq. m) VSEU-0.1 (average real power, kW) VSEU-50 (average real power, kW) January 0.8 0.03 0.83 0.15 53 February 0.8 0.03 0.83 0.15 53 March 0.7 0.04 0.74 0.14 44 April 0.65 0.05 0.7 0.13 40 May 0.6 0.06 0.66 0.12 36 June 0.55 0.08 0.63 0.12 33 July 0.55 0.08 0.63 0.12 33 August 0.6 0.08 0.68 0.12 38 September 0.7 0.06 0.76 0.14 44 October 0.8 0.05 0.85 0.15 53 November 0.8 0.04 0.84 0.15 53 December 0.8 0.03 0.83 0.15 53

The schedule of electricity generation in the place of the Crimea, where it is most needed is shown in Fig.18.

All calculations were confirmed during blowdowns in a wind tunnel, as well as during life tests.

The aerodynamic calculation of the structure is based on the sectoral principle, in which the nature of the acting aerodynamic forces is studied depending on the location of the aerodynamic blades along the wind flow and in relation to the guide vanes.

In sector A, the rotor blade works due to lift.

Wind energy utilization factor ξ in this sector is maximally high and equal to 0.3-0.4 for the existing profiles. Currently, TsAGI is successfully developing a profile with kiev 0.5.

For the operating conditions of this VSPP, the lifting force Y will be, at:

C _y = 0.3

ρ \u003d 1.1 kg / m ³

V = 9 m/s

S \u003d 1 m ²

Y = 1.5 kW, while ensuring the constant presence of the rotor blades in this sector.

In sector B, the rotor blade works due to the streaking (sailing) force of the wind. Wind energy utilization factor ξ in this sector does not exceed 0.2.

The maximum power generated in this sector is 0.5 kW.

In sector B at the rotor blade, the tip and tip change. The tip begins to play the role of the toe of the blade. This factor requires a revision of the usual blade layout. Taking this factor into account, the best profile becomes symmetrical (quasi-symmetrical). ξ does not exceed 0.1, but it is better than the braking force of the blades of the traditional profile.

The maximum developed power in this sector does not exceed 0.2 kW.

In sector G, the blade works due to the effect of "suction" of the wind flow, while the blades of the guide vane close the rotor blades from the oncoming wind flow.

The maximum developed power in this sector does not exceed 0.1 kW

In the fifth sector D, the rotor blades operate in a modified direction along the wind flow vector.

The maximum developed power in this sector does not exceed 0.1 kW.

The total power of a unitary VSPP at a wind speed of 9 m/s and a swept area of 1 m ² can be up to 0.6 kW-0.7 kW. With horizontal integration of HSPP, the power can be increased by another 10% -15%.

As calculations and blowdowns show, taking into account all the above factors, using a profile of rotor blades specially created for this HSPP, it is possible to achieve a wind energy utilization factor of up to ξ = 0.4-0.45. This profile is described in prototype patent RU148242.

The number of VSPP rotor blades is determined by a combination of natural and economic factors: the VSPP power, the materials used, the natural zone (to ensure the stable operation of the VSPP in the area of heavy snowfalls, it is necessary to provide the minimum possible number of blades to maintain the maximum possible wind blowing of the VSPP. This is necessary to avoid snow sticking and ice on the blades and other components and assemblies of the VSPP), the average values of wind speeds and the stability of the wind flow in the area.

The profile of the blades at the first stage of research was determined by the method of N.E. Zhukovsky.

As a result of this stage of research, it was found that the combination of lifting and reactive forces provides the best possible use of wind energy ξ along the wind front.

However, when testing on a full-scale sample, the theoretically derived indicators could not be achieved, since on such profiles in all sectors, except for 1, a significant braking force was found, caused by a strong deviation of the profile tip, which works as a wing under these conditions. In the course of the experiments, it was found that the best profile for all sectors of the HSEU rotor is quasi-symmetrical with a chord of at least 25% with a symmetrical toe (tip) described in patent RU 148242 U. Some decrease in the maximum possible values of ξ in sector 1 is compensated by the absence of braking forces in all other sectors of the rotor.

In addition, in the course of experiments on the aggregation of single VSPPs into blocks consisting of three or more devices, a "tunnel" effect was discovered, which consists in the overflow of the wind flow from sector B, where its pressure is 10-15% higher than the average for the environment, to sector G of the unit standing on the left, where the pressure is 10-15% lower than the environment due to the fact that this sector is covered by the blade of the guide vane. In this regard, the rotor blade begins to work for lift not only in sector A, but also in sectors B and D of this device.

This effect makes it possible to count on a significant (up to 30%) increase in the total power of aggregated devices.

The guide vanes and the upper roof of the VSPP form flat surfaces on which the solar panels are mounted. Thus, an increase in the power of the VSPP occurs without an increase in the swept area, in contrast to the currently existing VSPU.

Thus, the specific electric power of the VSPP of the claimed design, according to calculations and full-scale tests, reached 0.6-0.65 kW / m ² of swept area using existing components and assemblies, with the possibility of increasing this figure to 0.79-0.81 kW / m ² in the development of optimized units and assemblies.

Calculations have shown that the centrifugal force developed on the rotor blades at a wind speed of about 9-12 m/s and a speed of 1-1.5 is sufficient to drop snow and ice from these blades with a slight heating of the blades and / or coating them with a hydrophobic varnish, as well as due to a slight change in the geometry of the blade (bending in its central part).

An unexpected positive advantage of the design was the flywheel effect that appeared in the very first experiments. The mass of the rotor structure and rotor blades is sufficient to, according to the calculations:

The energy stored by the flywheel is determined by the formula:

W=E/3600, W/h

Where E is determined by the formula:

E=J/2(w ₁ ² -w ₂ ² ), J

where w ₁ ² - the maximum angular velocity of the flywheel, rad/s; w ₂ ² - minimum angular speed of rotation of the flywheel, rad/s; J - moment of inertia, kg⋅m ² ;

The moment of inertia is determined by the formula:

J=M/2(R ² +r ² ), kgm ² ;

where M is the mass, is determined by the formula:

M=(p(R ² -r ² )hg)/2, kg

where R is the outer radius of the flywheel, m; r - inner radius of the flywheel, m; h - thickness, m; g is the density of the material from which the flywheel is made, kg / m ³ .

From here, the energy stored by the flywheel can be determined by the formula:

W \u003d (p (R ⁴ -r ⁴ )hg (w ₁ ² -w ₂ ² )) / (83600), kW / h [Gulia N.V. Inertia, M., 1982].

That is, with ^a steady wind flow for an hour of at least 10 m/sec, with a swept surface of the VSPP of the order of 1 m no wind for 1 hour.

This factor makes it possible to manufacture household simplified electromechanical inverter-controllers, since it makes the VSPP insensitive to the most harmful minute and ten-minute fluctuations in wind speed (up to 100% in terms of wind flow power).

In addition, the requirement for the capacity of the aggregated battery is significantly reduced. To meet the daily needs of a 100 kW VSPP, a battery of about 10 kA/h is sufficient.

Ultimately, we can state that we have managed to create a fully functional compact wind solar power plant that can operate effectively in almost all climatic zones of Russia and in most countries of the world at the household level.

Pilot samples of various capacities have been successfully tested.

In particular, in the course of testing two installations: without accelerating Darrieus blades - see Fig.19 and with accelerating Darrieus blades - see Fig.20, it was possible to find out that the accelerating Darrieus blades significantly reduce the minimum wind force at which the rotor blades 9 start rotation. For the installation in Fig.19, the minimum wind force for the start was 1.9 m/s, while for the installation in Fig.20 - 1 m/s.

Installations were also tested with longitudinal blades from the upper annular support to the bottom (see an example of such an installation in Fig.21). The tests were carried out under the action of a directional flow air turbine. When the rotor was spun at speeds of more than 5-6 m/s, the freewheel disengaged the Darrieus blades, they hung successfully without interfering with the rotation of the main rotor of the wind generator.

Separately, we tested the efficiency of placing solar panels on the upper part of the frame at an angle (see photos of the prototype installation in Fig.22 - view of the same installation from different angles).

We tested the power of four solar panels with a total area equal to the area of the upper square of the frame.

In the prototype of Fig.22 they were placed at an angle to the plane of the upper frame panel. In the control sample (as in the prototype), the solar panels lay flat over the entire surface of the frame.

Comparative tests showed that the power output of the prototype was 30% lower under the same illumination, compared to the prototype in Fig.22.

Claims (7)

1. Wind solar power plant, containing a frame on which a vertical-axial rotor with blades is installed, rigid solar panels directing the wind flow, where the rotor is connected to the generator, while around the rotor blades there are blades of the guide apparatus along the square elements of the upper and lower supports, forming together with the frame, while the rotor blades are fixed above and below on the annular supports, each of which is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor by horizontally located blades, where in the lower annular support the blades are oriented with the direction of the air flow downwards, and in the upper annular support the blades are oriented with the direction of the air flow upwards . 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that between the upper and lower annular supports, at least two vertically located blades are fixed on the axis, fixed at the top and bottom with support plates, and each support plate in the center is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower support plate in the center is connected to the axis of rotation of the rotor through a freewheel. 4. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that the guide vanes are also installed in the upper part of the rotor above the upper annular support and are oriented at a slope to it. 5. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that the panels of photoelectric converters are located on the blades of the guide vane. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that all annular support elements are made transparent. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide vanes contain suction cups at the edges, which are fixed to the upper and lower supports.

Images