RU2177357C2 - Multiphase extractor apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for liquid extraction by solvents; applicable in chemical, hydrometallurgical, microbiological and other industries. SUBSTANCE: multiphase extraction apparatus includes chambers provided with dispersing appliances and branch pipes for supply and discharge of the first and second dispersed phases. Multiphase extraction apparatus has at least two chambers whose upper and lower parts are interconnected with the help of connecting channels. Chambers are made with separating zones located at discharge holes of connecting channels. EFFECT: higher efficiency of extraction due to perfected design of multiphase extraction apparatus. 5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to apparatus for processing substances, and more particularly to a multiphase extractor, which can find application in chemical, hydrometallurgical, microbiological and other industries for separation, extraction, concentration and purification of substances.

 A multiphase extractor is known, including chambers equipped with dispersing devices and nozzles for supplying and discharging the first and second dispersed phases (see Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Technology, 1984, v. 18, N. 6, pp. 736 - 738).

 The well-known multi-phase extractor needs to be improved in terms of productivity and expanded operational capabilities for multi-stage processes. Those. its effectiveness does not satisfy all growing requirements.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a multiphase extractor. In addition, the objective of the invention is to develop a multiphase extractor for continuous multicomponent extraction.

 The problem is solved in a multiphase extractor, including chambers equipped with dispersing devices and nozzles for supplying and discharging the first and second dispersed phases, due to the fact that it contains at least two chambers, the upper and lower parts of which are communicated via connecting channels, wherein the chambers are made with separate zones located at the outlet openings of the connecting channels.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower parts of the second chamber are in communication with the third chamber.

 Preferably, the chambers are made in one housing and are separated from each other by means of a joint wall.

 A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that under the first stage, which includes chambers with lower and upper parts communicated with each other, further stages are placed, installed one after the other, and the stages include chambers connected to each other and communicated with each other through perforated sieve plates through which dispersed phases pass.

 Preferably, the multiphase extractor comprises connecting tubes mounted on perforated plates and serving for supplying a continuous phase in separate steps, and nozzles for supplying and discharging a continuous phase mounted on the housing.

 Due to the implementation of the extractor with separation zones located at the inlet openings of the connecting channels, respectively overflows, droplets are prevented from transferring the continuous phase from one chamber to another by a circulating stream. This is also facilitated by the placement of both chambers in one housing, divided by a joint dividing wall. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the connecting channels made as overflows substantially increases, and the flow rate of the continuous phase at the transition from one chamber to another decreases.

 Due to the communication of the second camera with the third, a fundamentally new multi-camera system was created with a joint central, second camera. This design, together with a nozzle for feeding and discharging the third dispersed phase and dispersing devices, allows continuous multicomponent extraction.

 Due to the connection of the chambers at their upper and lower ends, various process variants are possible. For example, a second dispersible phase can be used as a stock solution. The components separated from it then pass through the continuous phase into the first and third dispersed phases. According to another alternative, the starting mixture can be fed in the form of a continuous phase, the different components of this continuous phase being extracted with different dispersed phases.

 The presence of additional chambers of a similar design installed under the first and second chambers (sequential inclusion of several stages) allows for multi-stage separation of substances in a multiphase extractor. The implementation of the extractor with a pipe for supplying and discharging a continuous phase and connecting tubes for feeding it from one stage to another creates the conditions for the implementation of separation processes by the method using a liquid membrane and three-phase extraction.

 In FIG. 1 to 3 are diagrams of three possible embodiments of the proposed multiphase extractor, and in FIG. 4 - 6 - execution forms of a multiphase extractor.

 FIG. 1 shows a single-stage extractor for carrying out separation processes with a stationary, circulating continuous phase serving as a liquid membrane.

 FIG. 2 and 3 show multi-stage three-phase extractors in which the cameras are housed in one housing.

 In the extractor according to FIG. 2 chambers of separation stages are separated from each other by means of a joint separation wall made in the form of vertical walls 16. In the extractor according to FIG. 3, the dividing wall is made in the form of a central, concentric pipe 16. In this case, one of the chambers 1 is located in the annular outer space, and the other chamber 2 is in the central pipe 16, that is, the extractor is made in the form of a cylindrical column.

 According to all forms of execution, a three-phase extractor includes a first 1 and a second 2 chambers with a dispersing device 3 in each chamber. The upper and lower parts of the chambers 1, 2 are connected through connecting channels respectively overflow 4. Depending on the dispersed phase, the interface of the contacted phases should be either above or below the channels connecting the chambers 1, 2. The chambers 1, 2 of the three-phase extractor are equipped with separation zones 6 , 7, made at the inlets of the connecting channels 4, respectively overflows. The extractor has nozzles 8, 9 for supply and nozzles 10, 11 for the removal of the first and second dispersed phases.

 The multi-stage extractor according to FIG. 2, 3 represents a system of successively connected further chambers 1, 2 mounted under the upper first 1 and second 2 chambers. In addition, it includes nozzles 12 for supply and a nozzle 13 for removing the continuous phase and connecting tubes 14 for supplying a continuous phase (from one stage to another) between the upper and lower chambers. Chambers 1, 2 of different stages are communicated with each other through perforated (sieve) plates 15, serving as a dispersing device between adjacent chambers. At each stage of the chamber 1, 2 are separated from each other by means of a joint dividing wall 16, and each wall 16 is installed above the lower perforated plate 15 and under the upper perforated plate 15.

 The principle of operation of a three-phase extractor is as follows.

 The first and second chambers are filled with a continuous phase. The pipes 8, 9 and dispersing devices 3 in the chamber serves the first and second phases to be dispersed. Depending on the density of the contacted liquids, the droplets of the dispersed phase move up or down in chambers 1, 2, and coalesce on the interface 5. In a multi-stage device, the described process of dispersion and coalescence is repeated at each stage. In this case, the phase to be dispersed is dispersed in the chambers of the second stage and subsequent stages (in accordance with the direction of movement of the phases) by means of perforated plates 15. Both dispersed phases are removed from the extractor through nozzles 10, 11.

 When droplets move through chambers 1, 2, emulsions of different densities are formed. As a result of this, flows are directed upward and downward in the continuous phase, which leads to the circulation of the continuous phase between the chambers 1, 2 through the separation zones 6, 7 located at the inlets of the connecting valves 4.

 When passing through the separation zones 6, 7 of the chambers 1, 2, droplets of the dispersed phase carried away by the continuous phase are separated. This allows you to significantly reduce the loss of efficiency of the separation process caused by mixing the flows of the first and second dispersed phases.

 The ablation of droplets of the dispersed phase depends on the flow rate of the continuous phase in the separation zones 6, 7 and in the connecting channel 4. Due to the separation of the chambers 1, 2 by means of the separation wall 16 located in the housing (see Fig. 2 and 3), the cross section of the connecting channels is significantly increased 4, which leads to a further decrease in the circulation rate of the continuous phase, and even better droplet separation is achieved. This represents a simple and effective implementation of the separation zones 6, 7 in the form of a liquid overflow for dispersed phases.

 A three-phase extractor can be used as a device for separating substances using liquid membranes, as well as a device for multiphase extraction.

 In the first case, the initial solution (raffinate phase) is fed into chambers 1, 2 in the form of a dispersed phase. The substance to be extracted is extracted with a continuous phase. The substance extracted by circulation by the continuous phase (in this case serving as a liquid membrane) is transferred to another chamber, where re-extraction is carried out by the second dispersed phase (extract phase). In this case, the circulating continuous phase can be stationary (Fig. 1) or passing (Fig. 2, 3). In the latter case, the initial solution containing at least two components is fed into the extractor through the nozzle 12 (Fig. 2, 3), and various components to be extracted are extracted with various dispersed phases in chambers 1, 2. In a multi-stage column device, countercurrent contacting of continuous and dispersed phases. In this case, the continuous phase flows from one stage to another through the connecting tubes 14 installed between the upper and lower chambers, and leaves the device through the pipe 13.

 The described multiphase extractor makes it possible to effectively carry out separation processes with a large difference in the ratio of the phases of the raffinate and extract.

 In FIG. 4 shows a single-stage extractor for multicomponent extraction. Moreover, the densities of all dispersed phases must exceed the density of the continuous phase. The latter is the raffinate phase, and the dispersed phases are the phases of the extract. According to FIG. 5 and 6, all extract chambers are installed in the column.

 The section according to FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the extract according to which chambers are arranged in a cylindrical column. In this case, the first chambers 1a and 3a are located in the annular space, while the second chamber 2a is located in the central tube.

 A fundamentally multiphase extractor according to FIG. 4-6 consists of a first chamber 1a, a second 2a and a third 3a, each of which is equipped with a dispersing device 4a. The upper and lower parts of the first camera 1a and third 3a are in communication with the second camera 2a. The extractor is equipped with nozzles 6a, 7a, 8a for supply and nozzles 9a, 10a, 11a for the removal of the first, second and third dispersed phases.

 The multiphase extractor according to FIG. 5 includes additional chambers 1a, 2a, 3a, located under the three chambers of the first stage. In addition, it is equipped with nozzles 12a for supply and 13a for the removal of the continuous phase.

 The principle of operation of the multiphase ejector according to FIG. 4 - 6 next.

 The first 1a, second 2a and third 3a chambers are filled with a continuous phase. The first, second and third phases to be dispersed are introduced through the nozzles 6a, 7a, 8a and through the dispersing devices 4a. Depending on the density of the contacted liquids, droplets of dispersed phases move up or down in chambers 1a, 2a, 3a, and coalesce at the phase interfaces. In a multiphase extractor, the processes of dispersion and coalescence are repeated at each stage. In this case, the dispersion of the dispersible phase is carried out in the chambers of the second stage and subsequent stages when passing through the perforated plates 14a, separating the chambers of adjacent stages from each other. The first, second and third phases are discharged through nozzles 9a, 10a, 11a.

 Due to the difference in the densities of the emulsions located in chambers 1a, 2a, 3a, a downward flow of a continuous phase arises in the second chamber 2a, and in the first 1a and third 3a chambers the continuous phase flows upward, as a result of which the circulation through the chambers through the upper and lower connecting channels (see. Fig. 4 and 5). Circulation in the opposite direction is also possible. In this case, there is an upward flow in the chamber 2a and a downward flow in the chambers 1a, 3a.

 Due to the communication of the second chamber 2a with the third chamber 3a in a multi-chamber system, several circulating continuous phase flows are generated from the second chamber 2a. In the continuous phase, the feed streams are mixed. Thus, the components of the initial solution are distributed into different dispersed phases.

Claims (5)

 1. A multiphase extractor including chambers equipped with dispersing devices (3, 4a) and nozzles (8, 9, 10, 11, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a) for supplying and discharging the first and second dispersed phases, characterized in that it contains at least two chambers (1, 1a, 2, 2a), the upper and lower parts of which are communicated by means of connecting channels (4), while the chambers (1,2) are made with separation zones (6, 7) placed at the outlets of the connecting channels (4).  2. Multiphase extractor according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower parts of the second chamber (2a) are in communication with the third chamber (3a).  3. A multiphase extractor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chambers are located in one housing and are separated from each other by means of a joint dividing wall (16).  4. A multiphase extractor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that under the first stage, including the chambers connected to each other, further sequentially connected stages are installed, including the chambers communicated with each other, and the steps are communicated with each other through perforated plates (15, 14a) through which dispersed phases pass.  5. A multiphase extractor according to claim 4, characterized in that connecting tubes (14) are installed on the perforated plates (15) for supplying a continuous phase at separate stages, and the housing is equipped with nozzles (12, 13) for supplying and discharging a continuous phase.

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