RU2175164C2 - Electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering; pulsed-current generators and motors. SUBSTANCE: proposed machine has variable-section magnetic-circuit ring attach to inner side of each end plate; each of these rings is assembled of insulated electric steel laminations to form stack; pressed to these stacks are ends of four magnetic circuits abutting against them by ribs of their insulated electric steel laminations protruding from formers of coils mounted on them; central part of frame mounts cylindrical former with electromagnetic field winding arranged along its longitudinal axis and attached to end plates. Rotor shaft mounted in bearing caps inside cylindrical former carries coaxially arranged cylindrical permanent magnet along its axis; ribs of insulated rectangular electric steel laminations forming its pole-shoe stacks abut against unlike-polarity ends of this magnet. Pole shoes are secured on rotor shaft and are shaped as incomplete circles confined inside two equal chords and two arcs relatively positioned diametrically in longitudinal axial plane so that minimal gaps are formed between them and central bores of magnetic-circuit rings. Paired starting leads of windings of four crosswise positioned coils and finishing lead of electromagnetic field winding are respectively brought out to two extreme and one central terminals on frame-mounted terminal strip; finishing winding leads of all four coils and starting lead of field winding are joined together to form single assembly of internal electric circuit of machine. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and simplified design of convertible electrical machine. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to the design of pulsed current generators and motors.

 Known designs of electric machines of alternating and direct currents (see A. S. Kasatkin, "Electrical Engineering", M .: Higher School, 1965, pp. 86-90, 115-117), containing the fixed part - a bed, two end covers with bearings for the shaft and the rotor shaft with two rings fixed on it in AC machines, and in DC machines by a collector, along which fixed brushes slide connecting the internal electric circuit of the rotor of the machine with the external circuit.

 The collector converts in DC machines the variable electromotive force induced in the active part of the rotor winding into a pulsating EMF of a constant direction.

 In DC machines, the main cores are attached to the inner side of the bed with electromagnetic coils on them, constituting a magnetic flux excitation winding, between which additional cores are placed that reduce brush sparking on the machine’s manifold.

 A disadvantage of the known electrical machines is the sliding contact of the brushes with rings or with the rotor manifold. In some cases, there is a decrease in the switching strength of machines, expressed in an increase in the occurrence of outbreaks on the collector and circular fire on it, which reduce the efficiency of the machine.

 The known design of electric pulsating current machines (see ASA USSR N 904132, MKI 3, H 02 K 25/00, 13/14, publ. 07.08.82), containing a massive frame with main and additional poles, end shields and rotor with a collector on the shaft. On the inner surface of the end parts of the bed, opposite the additional poles, axial ribs are made that somewhat improve the switching strength of the machine, but retain an unreliable complex rotor design element in it, the collector, sparking sliding contact with the brushes.

 The traditionally-basic structural scheme of all known electrical machines is associated with the formation of a variable EMF that is inducted in the active part of the conductor winding when it crosses near unlike electromagnetic poles of an unchanging magnetic flux, inevitably determines their electrical disadvantages, firstly, the rotor windings have a complex configuration that complicates installation them in its numerous grooves, and secondly, the low utilization of conductive copper of the rotor winding involved in the AANII variable emf, thirdly, the existence of inefficient sliding contact its complex structure element of the rotary collector with brushes and, fourthly, the need to create two design types: AC machines, the ability to transform, and machines - DC pulsating current.

 Thus, the known electric machines contain structural deficiencies that are eliminated by solving the technical problem according to the new structural scheme of the proposed device.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to increase the efficiency and simplify the design of a reversible electric machine that creates two independent antiphase-pulsating currents in the generator operating mode, separately transformed into currents of different voltages and flowing together through one conductor, connected to a single direct direct current .

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that to the inner sides of the end caps of the machine is attached one variable section of a magnetic ring made of packages of insulated sheets of electrical steel, having, for example, a square with a central hole in it and four corners of the square with planes perpendicular to its diagonals to which, for example, by means of screws, the ends of four magnetic core cores protruding from the frames of the coils sitting on them are pressed by the edges of the plates and you filled with packages of insulated rectangular plates made of electrical steel, and in the central part of the bed, along its longitudinal axis, a cylindrical frame with an electromagnetic field coil is mounted on it, fastened to the end caps, for example, by means of four rods protruding from the covers articulated with the frame cheeks, inside the cavity of which a cylindrical permanent magnet is aligned coaxially with its axis on the rotor shaft located in it, the insulating ribs adjacent to the opposite polarity of the ends of which rectangular rectangular plates made of electrical steel, comprising packages of its pole pieces, mounted on a rotor shaft and representing the shape of an incomplete circle bounded by two equal chords and two quarter-circle length arcs, mutually diametrically oriented in the longitudinal axial plane and forming magnetic rings with central holes minimum with the possibility of rotation gaps, moreover, connected in pairs the beginning of the windings crosswise lying four coils and the end of the electromagnetic excitation coils, respectively withdrawn to a middle and two extreme terminals situated on the frame panel, and the ends of the windings of the four top coils and excitation coil attached to a single unit to the internal circuitry of the machine.

 The frame and end caps of the machine are made of non-magnetic material, for example aluminum, and the rotor shaft is made, for example, of non-magnetic stainless steel.

The structural diagram of the proposed electric machine is shown in the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view of the machine from the side of the end cover with a partial cut-out of its right side.

 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the machine along AA in FIG. 1.

 FIG. 3 is a graph of the magnitude of the magnetic flux flowing through the cores of the coils depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor shaft.

 FIG. 4 - electrical diagram of an electrical machine (EM) with its connection to an external power supply.

 The electric machine contains a frame (1), a rotor shaft (2), two end caps (3), to the inner sides of which are attached one variable section of a magnetic ring (4), made of packages of insulated sheets of electrical steel, having the shape of, for example, a square with a central hole in it (5) and with four planes (6) at the corners of the square perpendicular to its diagonals. The magnetic rings (4) are strengthened by, for example, four protruding from the end caps of the bosses (7). The ends of four magnetic cores (8) protruding from the frames of the coils (9) seated on them, made in the form of packets of insulated rectangular plates of electrical steel and adjacent to the planes () are pressed to the planes (6) of the magnetic rings (4), for example, by screws 6) the ribs of the plates, providing magnetic conductivity in the places of their contact.

 In the central part of the bed (1), along its longitudinal axis, a cylindrical frame (10) is fixedly mounted with an electromagnetic field winding on it, which is fastened with end caps (3) by, for example, four protruding rods (11) articulated from cheeks of the frame (10).

 The rotor shaft (2), rotationally mounted in the end cap bearings (3), is placed in the cavity of the cylindrical frame (10), on which a cylindrical permanent magnet (12) with opposite polarity (N-S) of its ends is mounted coaxially along its axis. To the ends of the permanent magnet (12) are adjacent the ribs of the plate making up the packages of pole pieces (13) made of insulated rectangular plates of electrical steel. Packs of pole pieces (13) represent the shape (see Fig. 1) of an incomplete circle bounded by two equal chords and two, for example, a quarter circle circumference with arcs that are secured from turning on the shaft, for example, by means of non-magnetic staples (14), mounted on a square section of the shaft necks.

 Pole lugs (13) located at opposite ends of the rotor shaft (2) are placed (see Fig. 2) in the central holes (5) of the magnetic rings (4). The arc shape of the pole pieces (13) with the circumference of the central holes (5) rotates to form their minimum necessary gaps and are mutually diametrically oriented to each other in the longitudinal axial plane.

 The beginning of the crosswise lying coils (9), interconnected in pairs (see diagram of Fig. 4), are led to the extreme clamps (AB) of the panel (15) located on the bed (1), and the end of the electromagnetic field winding located on the cylindrical frame (10) attached to the middle clip (D) of the panel. The ends of all four coils (9) with the beginning of the field winding are fastened into a single unit of the internal electrical circuit of the machine.

 The bed (1) and the end caps (3) are made of non-magnetic material, for example aluminum, and the rotor shaft (2), for example, of non-magnetic stainless steel.

 In the proposed machine design, it is possible to use a permanent magnet (12) with a high coercive force, excluding the use of an excitation winding located on the frame (10) in it, while the electrical node connecting all ends of the coils (9) is directly connected to the middle clamp (D) of the panel (fifteen).

 The electric machine of the proposed device is reversible, can serve in certain conditions of the operating mode, based on the phenomena of electromagnetic induction by both the generator and the engine.

The work of the proposed design of the machine in generator mode proceeds as follows. At the time of rotation of the rotor shaft (2) corresponding to its position shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic flux (φ _p ) of the permanent magnet (12), amplified by the current, its residual magnetism passing through the electromagnetic field winding located on the fixed frame (10), spreads on both sides along its two opposite polarities (NS) of the pole pieces (13), overcoming the minimum amount of air gaps located diametrically between the arc outlines of its sides and the circumference of the central hole (5), crosses the magnetic circuit ring (4) in diametrically opposite places, heading crosswise lying (upper right and lower left) magnetic core (8) and closing in them, creates a high value of the magnetic flux passing through them (φ _in ), corresponding to their designations in FIG. 3, which induces a large electromotive force (EMF) in the turns sitting on the cores of the coils (9), and at the same time the shaft is located along two other crosswise lying cores (upper left and lower right), the magnetic flux (φ _m ), because the magnetic flux from the chords of the outlines of the pole pieces (13) overcomes the significant magnetic resistance of large air gaps and paths along the magnetic circuit ring (4), inducing a low EMF in the turns of coils (9) sitting on them.

With further rotation of the rotor shaft (2) clockwise (see Fig. 1) at an angle of 45 ^{o, the} pole piece (13) will occupy a horizontal position, and the magnetic flux (φ _p ) spreading along it and the magnetic ring (4) is equally will be distributed over all four cores (8), creating the average value of the magnetic flux (φ _s ) in them, while in the cross lying, upper right and lower left cores, the flux will fall to its average value (from φ _in to φ _s ), and in the other two, upper left and lower right, cores, the flow will increase to Ichin average value (φ _n to φ _c). When the rotor shaft moves another 45 ^{o, the} picture of the change in the magnetic flux in the cores (8) will be opposite to its initial position, namely in the upper right and lower left cores (8), the magnetic flux will continue to fall (from φ _s to φ _n ), while in the other two cores (8), in the upper left and lower right, the magnetic flux will continue to increase (from φ _s to φ _in ). Further rotation of the rotor shaft will continue the picture of changes in magnetic flux in the cores (8) and induction from. in coils (9).

 In FIG. 3, the curve indicated by the Roman numeral “I” depicts the change in magnetic flux flowing in the upper and left lower crosswise lying cores (8), depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor shaft (2), and the curve indicated by the numeral “II” depicts a change in flow in the upper left and lower right cores. Correspondingly to curves I and II, changes in the flow occurring in the cores (8) in the turns of the sitting coils (9) on them, an electromotive force is induced, which creates in the pairwise connected (see Fig. 4) lying coils (9) crosswise lying two independent from each other other antiphase-pulsating in one direction currents connected to clamps A and B of the panel (15).

 In FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram of the proposed electrical machine, indicated by the letters (EM), which shows the connection of the beginning of the windings of the crosswise lying coils (9) connected to the terminals A and B on the panel (15), and the end of the electromagnetic winding connected to the terminal “D” ( 10) a permanent magnet (12), NS, with the machine connected to an external power supply.

In FIG. 4 arrows show the direction of flow of two independent antiphase pulsating currents in one direction. Two antiphase-pulsating currents return to one terminal (D) of the panel (15) from the external power supply network, which are jointly connected in it into a single direct-current direct current flowing further along the electromagnetic excitation winding of the permanent magnet NS, which creates a magnetic flux for the machine ( φ _p ), Two independent from each other antiphase-pulsating currents can be separately transformed in the traditionally used alternating current transformers, indicated in FIG. 4 letters T _A and T _B , into currents of different voltages or into a high voltage current necessary for the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances.

 The work of the proposed design of the machine in engine mode proceeds as follows.

 In the machine is the engine, through the clamps (A and B) of the panel (15), two independent antiphase-pulsating currents arrive, which flow through the turns of each pair of crosswise lying coils (9) and are combined together in a common node connecting their ends (see Fig. .4), as a result of their connection, they form a single direct current, which, passing further along the electromagnetic field winding located on the frame (10), leaves the electrical circuit of the machine through the terminal (JP) of the panel (15). Two independent antiphase-pulsating currents flowing through the turns of the coils (9) create a magnetic field in the cores (8), running from one pair of cross-lying cores to the other along the magnetic circuit ring (4), while attracting the magnetized arcuate ends of the pole pieces (13) ), providing continuous torque to the rotor shaft (2) of the engine machine.

 The proposed fundamentally new structural scheme of a simple device of an efficient electric machine and the two independent antiphase-pulsating currents of a constant direction generated by it, separately transformed into currents of different voltages and jointly connected into a single direct direct current, are of scientific and technical interest for electrical engineering, as well as for applied physics to provide a pulsating current supply of a constant direction of a magnetic thermonuclear reactor, for the formation of toro inside it Far End Camera magnetic surface capable of prolonged time in insulation to suppress plasma from the chamber walls.

 I ask the proposed electric machine to establish the name: "Leontiev A.A. Electric Machine" about

Claims (2)

 1. An electric machine comprising a bed, a rotor shaft and two end caps with bearings for the shaft, characterized in that it has one variable section of a magnetic circuit ring made in the form of packages of insulated sheets of electrical steel to the inner sides of the end caps the ends of the four magnetic core are pressed against them by the ribs of their insulated plates of electrical steel, protruding from the frames of the coils sitting on them, and in the central hour and bed, along its longitudinal axis there is a cylindrical frame with an electromagnetic field winding, fastened to the end caps, inside the cavity of which a permanent magnet is mounted coaxially along its axis and mounted on a rotational shaft of the covers, a cylindrical permanent magnet with insulated edges adjacent to the opposite polarity of the ends rectangular plates of electrical steel, making up the packages of its pole pieces, mounted on a rotor shaft and representing the shape of an incomplete circle , bounded by two equal chords and two arcs, mutually diametrically oriented in the longitudinal axial plane and forming minimal gaps with the central holes of the magnetic rings, moreover, the pair-wise beginnings of the windings of crosswise lying four coils and the end of the electromagnetic field winding are respectively brought to two extreme and middle clamps located on the panel base, and the ends of the windings of all four coils and the beginning of the field winding are fastened into a single unit of the internal electrical circuit m ashin.  2. An electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bed and its end caps are made of non-magnetic material, for example aluminum, and the rotor shaft is made, for example, of non-magnetic stainless steel.

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