RU2175108C2 - Method for safe package of cumulative charges for transportation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation of hazardous loads, in particular, cumulative charges. SUBSTANCE: method involves placing cumulative charges in rows inside package and preliminarily placing insert prior to packaging each charge into cumulative casing. Outer surface of insert conforms with that of inner surface of cumulative casing. Insert is manufactured from inert material with density of at least 0.5 g/cu.cm and modulus of compression not in the excess of 110 GPa. EFFECT: simplified method and increased safety of transportation of cumulative charges. 2 dwg, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of transportation of dangerous goods, in particular to a method for packaging cumulative charges.

 A known method of packaging cumulative charges, in which the charges are placed in a container (shipping box) in pairs with orientation in opposite directions (see. "Recommendations for the carriage of goods", ed. UN).

 This method of packaging cumulative charges has the following disadvantages. It does not exclude the possibility of a cumulative jet leaving the container (shipping crate) in the event of an unauthorized explosion of one cumulative charge, i.e., when a single charge explodes, a cumulative jet is generated, an oppositely oriented charge is initiated, the explosion of which introduces disturbances into the cumulative jet of the first charge. However, for powerful cumulative charges with an explosive mass of more than 22 g. This packaging method is ineffective, and the cumulative stream of an unauthorized explosion of a charge cannot be destroyed by the explosion of only one oppositely oriented charge, as a result of which considerable damage can be caused to both the vehicle and people.

 The closest and selected as a prototype is the packaging method, which is described in application EPO N 0490766, MKI F 42 B 39/00, under the name "Method for the safe packaging of cumulative charges for transportation". This method consists in the fact that for packing the charges in the shipping box they are arranged in rows (four charges are placed one after another, two of these charges are oriented in one direction, and the other two in the opposite direction).

 This method of packing charges has the following disadvantages. Excluding the possibility of a cumulative jet flying outside the container (shipping crate) in the event of an unauthorized explosion of one of the charges, a cumulative jet formed will cause at least two more charges, which, when transporting powerful charges with an explosive mass of more than 22 g, can cause a significant explosive effect on both means, and so on people. Therefore, this method of packaging, eliminating the risk of damage by a cumulative jet, significantly increases the risk of damage to the vehicle and people through HEI.

 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for packaging cumulative charges with enhanced transportation safety.

The present problem is solved in that in a method for safely packaging cumulative charges for transportation, including placing cumulative charges in a container (shipping box) in rows, an insert is installed in the cumulative lining of each charge before packing, the outer surface of which corresponds in shape to the inner surface of the cumulative lining made of inert material having a density of not less than 0.5 g / cm ³ and a compression modulus less than 10 GPa, and the height of the insert part serving for end checkers BB ku ulyativnogo charge ratio selected from:
L / D ≥ 025, where
L is the length of the liner protruding beyond the end of the explosive checker;
D is the diameter of the explosive checkers.

 The presence of signs that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The technical result is expressed in that it was possible to exclude the possibility of the formation of a cumulative jet in an unauthorized explosion of a cumulative charge and to ensure the impossibility of initiating an adjacent oppositely oriented cumulative charge by means of a high-explosive action of an explosive by an unauthorized exploded cumulative charge.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings:
- in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the safe packaging of cumulative charges for transportation;
- in FIG. 2 shows the test setup.

In the cumulative lining 4 of the cumulative charge 1 (see Fig. 1), containing the checker BB 3 with a diameter D, an insert 2 is installed having a height L of the protruding part beyond the end of the checker BB 3 of the cumulative charge 1. The material of the insert 2 must have a density ρ _0- not less than 0.5 g / cm ³ and compression modulus k _s = ρ ₀ • c $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{0}}$ not more than 110 GPa, where c ₀ is the speed of sound in the material of the insert 2. Moreover, the height L of the protruding part of the insert 2 beyond the end of the checker BB 3 of the cumulative charge 1 is selected from the relation - L / D ≥ 0.25.

 The method is as follows. In the mode of unauthorized explosion of one cumulative charge 1 in the composition of the container (shipping box), the formation of a cumulative jet does not occur, because the acceleration of the cumulative cladding 4 is prevented by the insert 2. The initiation of an adjacent oppositely oriented charge by means of a HE explosive action does not occur, since the thickness of the material of the insert between the explosive checkers of adjacent charges is sufficiently large to exclude detonation transmission (see Fig. 2).

The material and geometric dimensions of the liner were estimated experimentally. In all experiments, inert material inserts were installed in the cumulative charges, and the outer surface of the liner in shape corresponded to the inner surface of the cumulative lining. As orders we used cumulative charges ZPK105M, having the following characteristics: mass of explosives - 22 g, the angle of the solution of the cumulative lining - 60 ^o .

 Table 1 shows the results of experiments on recording the formation of cumulative jets from ZPK105M charges, in which inert foam inserts of various densities were installed in the cumulative cavity. The geometrical parameters of the insert were chosen constant, with L / D = 0.25, where L is the height of the protruding part of the insert 2 beyond the end of the explosive checker 3 of the cumulative charge 1, and D is the diameter of the explosive checker base.

 In experiments, using the installation of an inert insert of the passive explosive charge at the end face, detonation transmission was recorded.

Obviously, with an increase in the density of the inert liner material above 0.5 g / cm ^{3, a} cumulative jet does not form.

However, with an increase in the density and speed of sound, sufficiently strong shock waves can arise in the liner material, which can initiate a passive charge. For the parameter that determines the damping properties of the liner material, we selected the compressibility of the material, characterized by a compression modulus ρ ₀ • C $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{0}}$ , where ρ ₀ is the density of the liner material, and C ₀ is the volumetric speed of sound.

 To justify the choice of the liner material, experiments were carried out to record the detonation transfer from the ZPK105M active charge to the passive charge through an inert liner made of various materials. The geometric parameters of the insert were chosen constant, with L / D = 0.25, where L is the height of the protruding part of the insert 2 beyond the end of the explosive checker 3 of the cumulative charge l, and D is the diameter of the explosive checker base.

 Table 2 shows the results of experiments to substantiate the properties of the material of the liner.

 An estimate of the minimum value of the L / D parameter was determined experimentally. The experiments were carried out in the same setting as the above experiments. L / D values varied. Foam, steel and copper were used as liner materials. Table 3 presents the results of the experiments.

Based on the obtained experimental results, the material and geometric dimensions of the liner must simultaneously satisfy the following requirements:
1. The material of the liner is inert.

2. The density of the material of the liner is not less than 0.5 g / cm ³ .

 3. The compression module of the liner material is not more than 110 GPa.

4. The height of the part of the liner, protruding beyond the end of the checkers BB cumulative charge, choose from the ratio:
L / D ≥ 0.25, where
L is the length of the liner protruding beyond the end of the explosive checker;
D is the diameter of the explosive checkers.

 The proposed method for the safe packaging of cumulative charges has significantly improved the safety of staff and the vehicle during the transportation of cumulative charges to their destination. In addition, the present invention allowed to place the cumulative charges in the package (transport box) relative to each other only from the point of view of the compactness of the package.

 An example of a specific implementation.

г/см³, с модулем сжатия k_s= 11 ГПа. Соотношение L/D= 0,25, где L - высота выступающей части вкладыша за торец шашки ВВ 3 кумулятивного заряда 1 (L = 10,5 мм) и D - диаметр шашки ВВ кумулятивного заряда 1 (D = 41,6 мм). Вкладыш 2 устанавливался в кумулятивные облицовки 4 кумулятивных перфораторных зарядов 1 (ЗПК105М), ориентированных в таре (транспортировочном ящике) произвольно. После инициирования и взрыва кумулятивного заряда 1 (см. фиг. 2) с установленным в нем вкладышем 2, инициирования соседних кумулятивных перфораторных зарядов не произошло, кумулятивная струя не образовалась.Tests of charges of cumulative perforating guns ZPK105M. The test setup is shown in FIG. 2. The liner 2 is made of wood with a density of

g / cm ³ , with a compression modulus k _s = 11 GPa. The ratio L / D = 0.25, where L is the height of the protruding part of the liner beyond the end of the explosive checker 3 of the cumulative charge 1 (L = 10.5 mm) and D is the diameter of the explosive checker of the cumulative charge 1 (D = 41.6 mm). The liner 2 was installed in the cumulative lining 4 of cumulative perforator charges 1 (ZPK105M), oriented in a container (shipping box) arbitrarily. After the initiation and explosion of the cumulative charge 1 (see Fig. 2) with the liner 2 installed in it, the initiation of the adjacent cumulative perforator charges did not occur, the cumulative stream was not formed.

 The tests carried out confirmed the validity of the technical solution to improve the safety of transportation of cumulative charges.

Claims (1)

A method of safely packaging cumulative charges for transportation, including placing them in rows in a container, characterized in that before packaging, a liner is installed in the cumulative lining of each cumulative charge, the shape of the outer surface of which corresponds to the inner surface of the cumulative lining, made of an inert material with a density of at least 0, 5 g / cm ³ and a compression modulus of not more than 110 GPa, while the height of the part of the liner protruding beyond the end face of the explosive explosive of a cumulative charge is selected from the corresponding wearing
L / D ≥ 0.25,
where L is the height of the part of the liner, protruding beyond the end of the explosive drafts;
D is the diameter of the explosive pieces.

Images