RU2175027C2 - Apparatus for producing heat energy, hydrogen and oxygen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for physico-chemical processes for receiving heat energy, hydrogen and oxygen. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has housing with axial opening and cylinder-cone lug and lower cover, all said members forming together with housing interelectrode chamber whose anode and cathode cavities are mutually communicated. Flat annular anode with openings is arranged in anode cavity. Cathode in the form of cylindrical rod is inserted to dielectric bar immersed in interelectrode chamber through threaded hole of lower cover. Vessel for working solution with system for automatically controlling its level in cathode cavity is joined with anode cavity. Cooling chamber for conditioning vapor and separating hydrogen is joined with inlet branch pipe for supplying working solution to anode cavity. Branch pipe for discharging oxygen is introduced to upper portion of anode cavity. Branch pipe for feeding vapor-gas mixture to cooling chamber is inserted by means of threaded joint to axial opening of housing. EFFECT: possibility for simultaneously producing hydrogen and oxygen at electrolytic and thermal decomposition of water by means of plasma energy. 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to physicochemical technologies and techniques for producing heat, hydrogen and oxygen.

 Known technical devices (see Holstein AB, Serebryansky FZ Operation of electrolysis plants for the production of hydrogen and oxygen. M .: "Energy", 1969) for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

 A technical solution is known (see US Pat. No. 3,969,214, C 25 B 1/02, 1976), comprising a housing, a working fluid inlet, an interelectrode chamber, an anode connected to a positive pole of a power source, and a cathode connected to a negative power source.

 A technical solution is also known (see British Patent N 1139614, class C 01 B 13/06, 08.01. 1969), comprising a housing made of dielectric material with a through hole, an interelectrode chamber, nozzles for input and output of the working solution, anode connected to the positive pole of the power source and a cathode connected to the negative pole of the power source.

 A disadvantage of the known inventions is that for the production of hydrogen and oxygen, only the process of electrolytic dissociation of water molecules is used and the process of its thermal dissociation is not used.

 The technical solution to the problem is the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolytic and thermal decomposition of water simultaneously due to the energy of the plasma formed at the cathode.

 A device for generating thermal energy, hydrogen and oxygen, comprising a housing made of a dielectric material with a through hole, an interelectrode chamber, nozzles for input and output of a working solution, an anode connected to a positive pole of a power source and a cathode connected to a negative pole of a power source characterized in that the housing with an axial hole has a lower cylindrical conical tide and a lower cover, which together with the housing forms an interelectrode chamber consisting of an anode and cathode of cavities communicating with each other in the lower part, a flat annular anode with holes located in the anode cavity, a cathode in the form of a cylindrical rod of refractory material, enclosed in a dielectric rod with a thread inserted into the interelectrode chamber from the lower side through a threaded hole in the lower cover with the possibility of vertical movement along the axial line of the device, the capacity for the working solution with a system for automatically controlling its level in the cathode cavity, connected to the anode cavity, cooling a flow chamber for condensation of steam and hydrogen evolution, the cavity of which is connected to the inlet pipe for supplying a working solution to the anode cavity, a pipe for supplying a gas-vapor mixture to the cooling chamber is introduced by a thread into the axial hole of the housing, a pipe for oxygen output is introduced into the upper part of the anode cavity.

 The novelty of the claimed device is due to the fact that automatic regulation of the level of the solution in the cathode cavity ensures maximum efficiency of the thermoelectrolytic process of decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, as well as the fact that the cooling and condensation of the vapor increase the yield of hydrogen produced. The combination of these signs reduces the cost of electrical energy to produce thermal energy, hydrogen and oxygen.

 According to the patent literature, a similar set of features has not been found in which the energy costs for producing hydrogen and oxygen are significantly reduced, which allows us to judge the inventive step of the proposal.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of the device.

 A device for producing hydrogen and oxygen contains a housing 1 made of a dielectric material with an axial hole and a cylindrical tide 2, a lower cover 3, which forms, together with the housing, an anode 4 and a cathode 5 cavity, a rod cathode 6 placed in a dielectric rod 7 introduced into the cathode cavity 5 through the threaded hole 8 of the cover 3, a flat annular anode 9 with holes located in the anode cavity; a pipe 10 for introducing the working solution into the device is connected to the float chamber 11 of the level regulator 12 and, with the help of the tube 13, to the cooler cavity 14; the cathode and cooling cavities communicate with each other using the pipe 15; the cooler 14 comprises a conical configuration of a spiral tube 16 with an inlet 17 and an outlet 18 nozzles for supplying coolant, a non-condensing vapor reflector 19, a nozzle 20 for discharging hydrogen from the cooler 14; a pipe 21 for removing oxygen from the anode cavity.

 The device operates as follows. The working solution is poured into a container 22, from which it passes through the metering device 12 and the float chamber 11 into the anode cavity 4 and the cathode cavity 5. After filling the reactor with the solution reaches a predetermined level, the float of the float chamber 11 closes the inlet of the metering device. Then, the electric network is turned on and the voltage gradually rises until a stable plasma appears in the cathode zone 6. The resulting vapor-gas mixture at the cathode enters the cooler 14. The steam condenses in contact with the cooled surface of the cooler tube, and the released gas leaves the reflector 19 and enters the outlet pipe 20. Steam condensate enters the anode cavity 4 through the tube 13 and the inlet pipe 10. The oxygen released at the anode 9 enters the upper part of the anode cavity 4 and is removed from it through the cartridge 21 side.

 Since the level of the solution in the reactor is automatically controlled, this device for producing hydrogen and oxygen works in automatic mode. As the flow rate of the solution, it is added to the receiving tank 22.

The essence of the ongoing physicochemical processes lies in the fact that under the influence of an electric field between the multiply reduced cathode area with respect to the anode area, an initial alkali metal ion flow focused on the cathode is formed. Having a reserve of kinetic energy when moving to the cathode, alkali metal ions knock out protons of hydrogen atoms from water molecules. Upon reaching the cathode, protons acquire electrons and form hydrogen atoms, emitting photons that form an atomic hydrogen plasma with a temperature of 5000 ... 10000 ^o C. The energy of this plasma serves as a source of thermal dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen and a source of additional energy, the presence of which is easy fixed by the energy of the heated solution, evaporated water and collected gases. At the same time, the anode undergoes an electrolytic process of oxygen evolution.

 Thus, the hydrogen plasma at the cathode is a source of thermal energy transmitted to the aqueous solution, and a source of atomic and molecular hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously.

 The effectiveness of the device determines the overall efficiency indicator, taking into account the electrical energy introduced into the device, the thermal energy transmitted by the coolant vapor, and the energy contained in the released hydrogen. The table shows the test results of this device.

Claims (1)

 A device for generating thermal energy, hydrogen and oxygen, comprising a housing made of a dielectric material with a through hole, an interelectrode chamber, nozzles for input and output of a working solution, an anode connected to the positive pole of the power source, and a cathode connected to the negative pole of the source power supply, characterized in that with the axial hole has a lower cylindrical conical tide, a lower cover, which together with the housing forms an interelectrode chamber, consisting of an anode and cathode cavity communicating with each other in the lower part, a flat annular anode with holes located in the anode cavity, a cathode in the form of a cylindrical rod of refractory material, enclosed in a dielectric rod with a thread, inserted into the interelectrode chamber from the lower side through a threaded hole in the lower cover with the possibility vertical movement along the centerline of the device, a container for the working solution with a system for automatically controlling its level in the cathode cavity, connected to the anode cavity, a cooling agent a chamber for condensation of steam and hydrogen evolution, the cavity of which is connected to the inlet pipe for supplying the working solution to the anode cavity, a pipe for supplying the vapor-gas mixture to the cooling chamber is inserted through the thread into the housing opening, a pipe for oxygen output is introduced into the upper part of the anode cavity.

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