RU217463U1 - Switching secondary power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to radio engineering, namely to pulsed secondary power supplies, for example, for units and blocks of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and can be used in radio communications, radar and other fields of technology.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that in a switching secondary power supply containing a primary input voltage filter in the form of a dual choke and capacitors at its input and output, and two voltage shaping channels, consisting of a secondary input voltage filter in the form of a single choke and a capacitor at its output, a power switch, an isolation power transformer, an output voltage rectifier in the form of a Schottky diode, an output voltage filter in the form of a single inductor and capacitors at its input and output, a PWM controller with a supply voltage rectifier and a supply voltage filter, a reference voltage source and an optocoupler in in the form of an LED and a phototransistor in optical contact with it and an alarm unit consisting of a voltage divider in the form of resistors installed in series, as well as a reference voltage source and an optocoupler in the form of an LED and a phototransistor in optical contact with it, the output rectifier radiator is included , power switch heatsink, power supply voltage rectifier heatsink, thermally conductive electrical insulating pad and metal base.

The technical result of using the utility model is to increase the reliability of the secondary power supply by reducing the heating of the components.

Description

The utility model relates to radio engineering, namely to pulsed secondary power supplies, for example, for units and blocks of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and can be used in radio communications, radar and other fields of technology.

As a prototype, that is, a device closest to the one proposed in terms of technical essence, a stabilized switching source of secondary power supply for an unmanned aerial vehicle was chosen (RF patent for utility model No. 149475, 2014, IPC H02M 3/00, publ. The prototype device contains a primary input voltage filter in the form of a dual inductor and capacitors at its input and output, as well as a secondary input voltage filter in the form of a single inductor and a capacitor at its output. Each of the voltage generation channels includes: a power switch, an isolating power transformer, an output voltage rectifier, an output voltage filter in the form of a single choke and capacitors at its input and output, a PWM controller with a supply voltage rectifier and a supply voltage filter, a reference voltage source and an optocoupler in the form of an LED and a phototransistor in optical contact with it. The signaling unit includes a voltage divider in the form of two resistors.

The disadvantage of the device is low reliability due to overheating of the power source during prolonged operation at a load with a high current consumption.

Some devices, such as sounding signal conditioning units or drive control units, are characterized by high current consumption for a long time. At the same time, in the case and compartments of the UAV, it is not possible to provide sufficient cooling for pulsed secondary power supplies (SPS) due to the impossibility or limitation in the use of air and water cooling. In addition, IVEP are located in a limited space, which further impairs the process of natural heat exchange and limits the use of external radiators, as a result of which local overheating of the IVEP components may occur, which in turn can lead to malfunction and failure of the IVEP.

In this regard, it is necessary to organize heat removal in the power source, both from individual components and from the entire power source as a whole.

The problem to be solved is to increase the reliability of the IVEP by introducing into the composition, at least, a power switch radiator, an output rectifier radiator, a supply voltage rectifier radiator, a heat-conducting electrical insulating gasket and a metal base.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that in the IVEP, which contains a primary input voltage filter (PFVxN) in the form of a dual choke and capacitors at its input and output, and a voltage generation channel (PFN), consisting of a secondary input voltage filter (VFVxN) in the form of a single inductor (OD) and capacitor at its output, power switch (SC), isolation power transformer (IST), output voltage rectifier (VVN) in the form of a Schottky diode, output voltage filter (FVhN) in the form of OD and capacitors at its input and output , a PWM controller with a supply voltage rectifier (VNP) and a supply voltage filter (FNP), a reference voltage source (ION) and an optocoupler in the form of an LED (LED) and a phototransistor (FT) in optical contact with it, the second FPV, similar to the first one, a signaling unit (BS), consisting of a voltage divider (DN) in the form of resistors installed in series, as well as an ION and an optocoupler in the form of an LED and an FT in optical contact with it, while the first inputs of the first and of the second KFN, and to its second output - the second inputs of the first and second KFN, in each KFN the first input coincides with the first input of the VFVhN, and the second input coincides with the second input of the VFVhN, the first input of the SC is connected to the second output of the VFVhN, to the output of which and the first VFVhN output is connected, respectively, to the second and first inputs of the primary winding of the IST, the first output of the secondary winding of the IST, through the VVN is connected to the first input of the FVouth, and the second output of the secondary winding is connected to the second input of the FVoutN, at the same time, the input of the optocoupler LED is connected to the first output of the VVN, the output of which is connected to the input of ION, and the output of the latter is connected to the second output of FVout, in addition, the outputs of the feedback winding of the IST are connected to the inputs of the VNP, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the FNP, the third output of the latter is connected to the input of the FT optocoupler, and its output is connected to the third input PWM controller, the first and second outputs of the FNP are connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the PWM controller, and the output of the latter is connected to the second input of the SC, the first and second outputs of the first FNP are connected to the first and second inputs of the BS, and the first and second outputs of the second The FSC is connected to the third and fourth inputs of the BS, the first and second inputs of the BS coincide respectively with the first and second inputs of the DN, the third output of which, coinciding with the midpoint, is connected to the input of the FT optocoupler, the output of which is connected to the signal channel of the BS. The composition includes at least a power switch radiator (RSK) which is connected to the SC, an output rectifier radiator (RVVN) which is connected to the VVN, a supply voltage rectifier radiator (RVNP) which is connected to the VNP, a thermally conductive electrical insulating gasket (TEP) which connects to all parts of IVEP through a printed circuit board (not shown in the diagram) and a metal base (MO), which is connected to the TEP.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the block diagrams in Fig. 1 and 2, where:

1 - primary input voltage filter (PFVhN);

2, 4, 9, 17 and 19 - capacitors;

3 - dual throttle;

5 - the first channel of voltage formation (KFN),

6 - second KFN,

7 - secondary input voltage filter (VFVxN),

8 and 18 - single chokes (OD),

10 - power key (SK),

11 - isolation power transformer (IST),

12 - primary winding (PO) IST,

13 - secondary winding (VO) IST,

14 - feedback winding (OOS) IST,

15 - output voltage rectifier (VVN),

16 - output voltage filter (ФВхН),

20 - supply voltage rectifier (VNP),

21 - supply voltage filter (FNP),

22 and 31 - optocouplers,

23 and 32 - phototransistors (FT),

24 and 33 - LEDs (LED),

25 and 34 - reference voltage sources (ION),

26 - PWM controller,

27 - signaling unit (BS),

28 - voltage divider (DN),

29 and 30 - resistors,

35 - power key radiator (RSK),

36 - radiator output rectifier (RVVN),

37 - supply voltage rectifier radiator (RVNP),

38 - heat-conducting electrical insulating gasket (TEP),

39 - metal base (MO).

The claimed IVEP works as follows: The power supply from the on-board network ** (** - not indicated on the diagram) is supplied to the PFVxN 1 and, accordingly, to the capacitor 2, to the dual inductor 3, and then to the capacitor 4, the voltage is supplied from the first output of the PFVxN 1 to the first inputs of the first and second KFN 5 and 6, and from the second output of PFVhN 1 to the second inputs of KFN 5 and 6, from the first and second inputs of each KFN, for example KFN 5, the voltage is supplied to the inputs ** VFVhN 7 and, accordingly, to the OD 8 and capacitor 9, while PFVhN 1 and KFN 5 (as well as KFN 6) provide protection against common-mode interference created by the UAV on-board power network, as well as protection of the UAV on-board network from electromagnetic interference created by IVEP, from the second output of VFVhN 7 voltage through the first input and output of the SC 10 enters the second input of the software IST 12, and from the first output VFVhN 7 - to the first input of the PO 12 IST 11, when the SC 10 is opened, the current in the PO 12 increases linearly, while a significant part of the thermal energy that has arisen on the SC 10 is dissipated on RSK 35, part of the thermal energy passing through TEP 38 is dissipated on MO 39, in VO 13 energy is accumulated, when SK 10 is closed, the magnetic flux in the core ** IST 11 decreases, which causes currents in VO 13 and in OOS 14 , then the voltage from the first output of VO 13 through VVN 15, where the voltage is rectified by means of a Schottky diode **, as a result of rectification, thermal energy arises, which is dissipated on RVVN 36 providing the specified mode of operation of VVN 15, while part of the thermal energy passes through TEP 38 , is dissipated on MO 39, the voltage from the first output of VVN 15 is supplied to the first input of FVout 16, and from the second output of VO 13 - to the second input of FV out 16 and, accordingly, to capacitor 17, then to OD 18 and capacitor 19, where the rectified voltage, while FVhN 16 provides protection for UAV consumers from interference created by the IVEP itself, simultaneously from the first output of VVN 15, the voltage is supplied to the input of the SD 24 of the optocoupler 22, and from the output of the SD 24 to the input** of the ION 25, where a stable reference voltage is formed relative to the outputs of the IVEP, and from the output ** ION 25, the voltage is supplied to the second output of the FVhN 16, and with a decrease (increase) in the voltage at the output of the VVN 15, which can be caused by a change in the load of consumers (not shown in the diagram), the current passing through the LED 24 of the optocoupler 22 decreases (increases), while the LED 24 glows less (more) intensely, then the radiation (photoflux) from the LED 22 enters the FT 23 of the optocoupler 22, while the less intense radiation of the LED 24 causes incomplete opening of the PT 23, which reduces the current passing through it and the voltage at the output, and the more intense radiation of the LED 24 - a more complete opening of the FT 23, which, accordingly, increases the current passing through it and the voltage at the output, then, the voltage from the output changed by the intensity of the LED 24 radiation ** FT 23 enters the third control input of the PWM controller 26, and from the output of the latter - to the second input of the SC 10, the voltage from the OOS 14 IST 11 enters the inputs ** VNP 20, where this voltage is rectified, resulting in the formation of thermal energy, which is dissipated on RVNP 37, at the same time, part of the thermal energy, passing through TEP 38, is dissipated on MO 39, from the outputs** of the VNP 20, the voltage is supplied to the inputs** of the FNP 21, from the first and second outputs of which the voltage is supplied, respectively, to the first and second inputs power supply of the PWM controller 26 (see description below), from the third output of the FNP 21, the supply voltage is supplied to the input ** FT 23 of the optocoupler 22, while increasing the voltage at the first output of the VVN 15, and accordingly, at the input ** FT 23, by means of radiation from SD 22, reduces the pulse width at the output ** of the PWM controller 26 and, accordingly, reduces the energy transmitted from the on-board network of the UAV through IVEP to UAV consumers, and the decrease in voltage at the first output of VVN 15, and, accordingly, at the input ** FT 23, by means of radiation from the LED 22, increases the pulse width at the output of the PWM controller 26, and, accordingly, increases the energy transmitted from the UAV on-board network through the IVEP to the UAV consumers, thus reducing the output voltage ripple, i.e. full compensation of its changes (stabilization) when the consumer load changes, is provided by the mentioned ION 25 and optocoupler 22, as well as the use of a Schottky diode as VVN 15, then the finally stabilized secondary supply voltage from the first and second outputs of FVyN 16 KFN 5 is supplied, respectively, to the first and the second inputs of the BS 27, and from the first and second outputs of the FVhN 16, the KFN 6 enters, respectively, the third and fourth inputs of the BS 27.

Block signaling 27, in turn, operates as follows.

During normal operation of both voltage generation channels 5 and 6 of the IVEP, from the first output of the first KFN 5, the voltage is supplied to the first input of the BS 27 and, accordingly, to the first input of the DN 28 and the resistor 29 of the DN 28, as well as to the UAV consumers.

From the second output of the first KFN 5, the voltage is supplied to the second input of the BS 27 and, accordingly, to the second input of the DN 28 and the resistor 30 DN 28, as well as to the UAV consumers.

In DN 28, the necessary voltage is formed (divided) for control signals or signals about the operation of KFN 5 and 6.

From the first output of the second KFN 6, the voltage is supplied to the third input of the BS 27 and, accordingly, to the input of the LED 33 of the optocoupler 31, as well as to the UAV consumers, while the LED 33 glows (radiates), and from its output the voltage is supplied to the input of the ION 34.

From the second output of the second FSC 6, the voltage is supplied to the fourth input of the BS 27 and, accordingly, to the output of the ION 34, as well as to the UAV consumers.

The radiation from SD 33 enters the FT 32 of the optocoupler 31 and opens it, and the signal from the midpoint of the DN 28 from its third output passes through the open FT 32 and goes to the UAV consumers for analysis and registration.

In case of failure, i.e. abnormal work of the first FSC 5, the following occurs.

At the first and second outputs of the FSC 5, the voltage drops or disappears, the same happens at the first and second inputs of the BS 27 and at the first and second inputs of the DN 28 and the input of the FT 32 of the optocoupler 31, while the BS 27 signals a malfunction to the UAV consumers.

In case of failure, i.e. abnormal work of the second FSC 6, the following occurs.

At the first and second outputs of the KFN 6, the voltage drops or disappears, the same happens at the third and fourth inputs of the BS 27 and the input of the LED 33 of the optocoupler 31, while the voltage on the ION 34 is calculated so that if there is a drop or no voltage at the output of the KFN 6, the SD 33 glows less intensely or ceases to glow at all, which leads to the closure of FT 32 and BS 27 signals a malfunction to UAV consumers.

Moreover, with such a scheme, there remains a galvanic isolation between the first and second KFN 5 and 6.

On signals from BS 27, the control and management unit (not shown in the diagram) of the UAV performs the necessary actions, incl. disconnection of UAV consumers.

PWM controller (pulse-width modulation controller) 26 is an integrated microcircuit for IVEP, which converts the current at the control input in the operating cycle into the current at the open-drain output of a high-voltage power MOSFET transistor (not shown in the diagram), when increasing (decreasing) load current, the PWM controller 23 increases (reduces) the open state time of the power switch and thereby compensates for the change in the secondary voltage at the IVEP outputs.

In addition, the PWM controller 26 provides current limiting, control loop compensation, automatic restart and thermal protection, as well as 5 ms soft start, limiting peak currents and voltages during startup, reduces or eliminates output spikes, uses a high switching frequency. (300 kHz), which allows the use of a small transformer size, and the passage of pulses of PWM operation at light load, which minimizes power consumption in idle mode (typically <10 mA input current).

During the operation of IVEP, a significant amount of thermal energy is released, which enters through radiators to TEP 38, which has good heat-conducting characteristics, thermal energy enters through TEP 38 to MO 39, which has a higher heat capacity than RSK 35, RVVN 36 and RVNP 37, which allows significantly reduce the operating temperature of both individual parts of the IVEP, and the entire structure as a whole. In addition, the use of TEC 38 makes it possible to exclude the possibility of electrical breakdown between the open parts of the radiators RSK 35, RVVN 36, RVNP 37 and MO 39. The general structure of the use of TEC and MO is further explained in Fig. 3.

In the said FIG. 3 shows an element that releases thermal energy (SK 10 for example), a similar design is used for VVN 15 and RVVN 36, as well as VNP 20 and RVNP 37, respectively.

The specified technical result is achieved by a combination of distinctive features, namely, by introducing a power switch radiator, an output rectifier radiator, a voltage rectifier radiator, a heat-conducting electrically insulating gasket and a metal base into the design.

The presented description and block diagrams of the proposed pulsed secondary power supply make it possible, using materials, technologies and purchased radio-electronic products known in instrument engineering, to manufacture it industrially and use it in radio communications, radar and other fields of technology.

Claims (1)

A switching secondary power supply containing a primary input voltage filter (PFVxN) in the form of a dual choke and capacitors at its input and output, the first and second voltage shaping channel (PFN), consisting of a secondary input voltage filter (VFVxN) in the form of a single choke (OD ) and a capacitor at its output, a power switch (SC), an insulating power transformer (IST), an output voltage rectifier (VVN) in the form of a Schottky diode, an output voltage filter (ФVхN) in the form of OD and capacitors at its input and output, PWM- a controller with a supply voltage rectifier (VNP) and a supply voltage filter (FNP), a reference voltage source (ION) and an optocoupler in the form of an LED (LED) and a phototransistor (FT) in optical contact with it, an alarm unit (BS), consisting of a voltage divider (DN) in the form of resistors installed in series, as well as an ION and an optocoupler in the form of an LED and in optical contact with it, characterized in that a metal base (MO), a power switch radiator (RSK), an output radiator voltage rectifier (RVVN), supply voltage rectifier radiator (RVNP), heat-conducting electrical insulating gasket (TEP), while the SC is connected to the RSK, which in turn is connected to the TEP, VVN is connected to the RVVN, which is also connected to the TEP, VNP is connected to RVNP, which is also connected to TEP, in addition, TEP is connected to MO.

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