RU2172501C2 - Method and device measuring change of state of pivoting around gyroscope wheel ( spatially time geometry meter ) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geophysics, astrophysics. SUBSTANCE: method and device are intended to measure gravitation fields, to reveal hidden masses or objects. Moment of change of state of pivoting around gyroscopic wheel is fixed and this time is used to detect moment of rise ( set ) of space bodies, moment of passing through apogee and perigee, start of eclipse and other natural phenomena. EFFECT: capability to record positions and relative positions of natural celestial bodies such as the Moon, the Sun and others in space and in time. 4 cl, 24 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of geophysics, astronomy and astrophysics, to methods for measuring gravitational fields, the detection of hidden masses or objects.

A known method of determining the propagation velocity of the gravitational interaction of bodies, according to which determine the parameter characterizing the gravitational interaction, the value of which is used to judge the propagation velocity of gravitational interaction (patent of the Russian Federation N 2124743, IPC ⁶ G 01 V 7/00, 1999).

 The specified method has the disadvantage of the difficulty of creating a moving mass, in which the center of mass must coincide with the geometric center of the body.

 A known method of measuring changes in the state of a rotating top mounted on a technical scale, on the rack of which transmit an oscillatory mechanical effect, the device for measuring changes in the state of a rotating top contains a top, a recording system, a trigger system and vibration (Kozyrev N.A. Selected works, L Publishing House, Leningrad University, 1991, S.341-345).

 The specified method, adopted as a prototype, has a significant drawback - low repeatability of the measurement results due to the lack of synchronization of the mechanical impact on the top with the rotational speed of the top itself.

 This invention eliminates the disadvantages of both analog and prototype.

 The technical result of the invention is the ability to register the position and relative position in space and time of natural cosmic bodies (the Moon, the Sun, etc.).

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of measuring changes in the state of a rotating top, to which oscillatory mechanical action is transmitted, the measurements are carried out by an induction sensor, from which the main excited harmonic equal to the speed of the top of the top is recorded, and a braking impulse synchronized with the speed is applied to the top; the synchronized pulse is obtained due to the reflected light from the reflective sector deposited on the surface of the top, and the time of the change in the state of the top is recorded, and in the device for measuring changes in the state of the top containing the top, a recording system, a trigger and vibration system, the top is made in the form of a cylinder, mounted a reflective sector is applied to the axis of the engine, on the outer surface of the top, the top with the engine is mounted on a platform of permanent magnets, the platform is mounted on an axis that is fixed and a stationary permanent magnet, platform magnets and a stationary magnet are mounted towards each other with the same poles, the registration system is made in the form of an induction sensor located between the platform magnets and the stationary magnet, and the sensor output is connected to the input of a selective voltmeter, the output of which is connected to the recorder and one from the outputs of a two-beam oscilloscope, to the second input of which a clock pulse is introduced, and the vibration system contains a light source, fiber optic fibers, a photodetector and a braking system, while the braking system is made in the form of a permanent magnet located on the adjusting screw and a steel plate located on the side surface of the top with an azimuthal offset relative to the reflective sector, while an electronic light pulse amplifier, an electronic key, a stabilized source are introduced into it DC voltage, the outputs of which are connected to the top engine or in the form of a series-connected electronic pulse amplifier, waiting for a multivibrator, d additionally electronic pulse amplifier, differentiator stage, a second monostable multivibrator, the constant DC voltage source coupled to the driver, the monostable multivibrator and an electronic pulse amplifier connected with its own power source.

 The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-24.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dynamic system based on a magnetic suspension (pillow), where 1 - a top made of brass, has a mass of 265 g. The outer surface 2 is coated with light-absorbing paint with micro-roughness, except for the reflective sector 3. The top 1 through the tin seal 4 is mounted on the axis micromotor 5. The top 1 with the engine 5 through the bracket 6 is attached to the platform 7, made of permanent magnets. A sleeve 8 of fluoroplastic is tightly planted in the central hole of the platform. All this is mounted on axis 9, made of polished fluoroplastic to reduce the coefficient of friction. Axis 9, in turn, is fixed in a permanently installed permanent magnet - 10, where 11 is a common mounting platform made of thick-walled duralumin
The direction of the same poles of the magnet of the same name 7 and 10 "NN" allows the entire dynamic system to be on a magnetic suspension (pillow). The signal about the state of the entire suspension system comes from an induction sensor 12 installed between magnets 7 and 10. Sensitivity is determined by alignment and balancing with screws 13 and brass disks 14, as well as a movable magnet 15 on a non-magnetic platform 16, specially installed at the top of the device. The duralumin disk 17 with the bracket 18 mounted on it with fiber optic fibers 19 can smoothly rotate on the fluoroplastic axis 20 and the washer 21, changing the azimuthal position relative to the surface, or rather, the light reflector ayuschego sector 4. Thus, the whole system performs the function of a mechanical phase shifter.

 Tests showed high sensitivity of the device, temporary reliability and ease of use. The induction sensor 12 of the device should not have mechanical contact with the rod 9, and all the fasteners of the induction sensor 12 and the mounting elements should be isolated from the main device.

 In FIG. Figure 2 shows an induction sensor and a signal recording (recording) circuit, where 12 is an induction sensor, 7 is an upper floating platform, 10 are permanently mounted permanent magnets, dotted lines indicate the power lines of opposite magnetic poles, 22 is a selective voltmeter (in our case, B6-2 ), 23 - recorder (622.01. Endim), 24 - two-beam oscilloscope, 25 - control pulse input, 26 - main harmonic signal input filed from the braking system.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the braking system based on external mechanical action, where 1 is a top, 2 is a light-absorbing surface, 3 is a reflective sector, 27 is a thin steel foil (or a plate, in the case of a plate, the top must be centered so that there is no beating), 28 - light source, 19 - fiber optic fibers, 29 - photodetector, 16 - bracket mounted on a rotating disk 17 (not shown in this figure), 30 - permanent magnet, 31 - adjusting screw, 32 - electronic light pulse amplifier, 33 - electronic key, 34 - one hundred ilizirovanny constant voltage source, 35 - motor, 25 - a control pulse.

 In FIG. 4 shows time diagrams of the braking process under external exposure to a magnetic field.

Schedule 1. The voltage pulse U ₁₂ at the output of the amplifier 32 of duration (t ₂ -t ₁ ), equal to the duration of the light pulse. (The dashed line shows the new position of the pulse (t ₂ -t ₁ ).

Chart 2. The voltage pulse U ₁₃ on the electronic key 33 at the time of shorting the power source 34.

The temporary arrangement of the pulse U ₁₃ is practically the beginning of the action of the braking pulse from the permanent magnet 30.

Chart 3. Harmonic signal of oscillations excited by a top from an inductive sensor U _ind.dat. with a superimposed signal of a braking pulse at the input of the oscilloscope 25.

Graph 3 presents a picture on the screen of a two-beam oscilloscope 24. The dotted line in the diagram shows the new position of the pulse (t ₂ -t ₁ ) on the time axis, which is achieved by turning the bracket 16 in azimuth (the direction of rotation is shown by an arrow in Fig. 3) with fiber optics installed on it optical fibers 19 and a permanent magnet 30. This rotation of the bracket 16 acts as a mechanical phase shifter, due to which it is possible to establish a braking pulse in any phase of harmonic oscillation. The pulse is shown in graph 3 (Fig. 4).

 In FIG. 5 shows the braking system based on the execution of the internal mechanical action on the top, where 1 is the top, 2 is the light-absorbing surface, 3 is the light-reflecting sector, 19 is the light guides (fiber optic), 29 is the photodetector, 28 is the light source, 16 is the bracket for optical fiber fasteners, 32 - an electronic amplifier, 36 - a standby multivibrator, 37 - a second electronic pulse amplifier, 38 - a differentiating cascade, 39 - an additional standby multivibrator, 40 - a stabilized direct current source, from which an electronic an amplifier 32, a standby multivibrator 36, a second electronic pulse amplifier 37 and an additional standby multivibrator. 41 is a stabilized constant voltage source for driver 42. The electric motor is 35 and the control impulse is 25.

In FIG. 6 shows the process diagrams of the internal inhibitory effect:
Schedule 1. Voltage pulse U ₉ duration (t ₂ -t ₁ ) at the output of the amplifier.

Figure 2. Voltage pulse U _{10 of a} waiting multivibrator with a duration of (t ₄ -t ₃ ), (the dashed line shows the new duration of the adjustable pulse (t ₄ -t ₃ )).

Chart 3. Voltage pulse U ₁₁ at the output of amplifier 37 (a dashed line here shows a similar change in pulse).

Chart 4. Differentiated pulse U ₁₂ at cascade 38 (the dotted line shows the new position of the negative derivative - a decrease in the delay time).

Chart 5. Voltage pulse U ₁₃ at the output of an additional standby multivibrator 39 of duration (t ₆ -t ₅ ) (the dotted line shows the new position of the pulse (t ₆ -t ₅ )).

Chart 6. Harmonic signal of oscillations excited by a top from an induction sensor U _ind.dat. . with a brake pulse signal superimposed on it (control pulse from output 25). The position of the inhibitory pulse in the oscillation phase is shown by the solid and dashed lines.

 The used top 1 is made of brass with a diameter of 6.0 cm and a weight of ~ 265 g tightly mounted on the axis of the micromotor MMI-62S2RA. The flat outer surface of the top is covered with black light-absorbing paint, in addition to a small reflecting sector 3. Two optical fiber fibers 19 are located above this darkened surface. A focused light beam is supplied through one fiber, and light reflected from the sector (when the top rotates) enters the photodetector 32 in the form of an OH pulse, it is a synchronizing signal.

 The top 1 with an electric motor 35 is mounted on an arm 6, which is mounted on a platform 7 made of flat permanent magnets assembled into a briquette. The dimensions of the magnets are 12 cm x 8 cm x 1.6 cm with magnetic induction B = 0.1 T. Under this platform 7 is a briquette of several similar magnets 10, but already installed permanently on the technological panel 11. Using the repulsive force of the poles of the same name, we obtain a magnetic suspension of the top. The micromotor is supplied with power via two annealed wires with a diameter of 0.09 mm in order to exclude their mechanical resistance to the sensitivity of the entire suspension system.

 The operation of the device and the measurement method are that in the first embodiment, the mechanical vibrations excited by the spinning top 1 change the magnetic field between the magnets 7 and 15. The EMF induced in the induction sensor 12 is fed to the input of a selective voltmeter 22, where the main harmonic of the oscillation associated with spinning top speed. The detected signal from the voltmeter 22 is fed to the input of the recorder 23, and the undetected signal is fed to the input of the oscilloscope 24, where the clock signal is fed to the input of the oscilloscope 25. As a result, one can observe in which phase of the fundamental harmonic the sync pulse is located.

In the second embodiment, the light pulse reflected from sector 3 of the spinning top 1, through the fiber 19 enters the photodetector 29 and is amplified by a pulsed electronic amplifier 32. This pulse of negative polarity triggers a standby multivibrator 36, in which the output pulse of negative polarity is adjustable within 1.0 • 10 ^-3 s • 6.0 • 10 ^-3 s. The electronic amplifier 37 reverses the polarity of the pulse of the multivibrator 36, and the cascade 38 differentiates this positive pulse. The negative derivative in this case always turns out to be delayed relative to the positive derivative, and the delay time itself is determined by the pulse length from the multivibrator 36, which varies from 1.0 • 10 ^-3 s • -6.0 • 10 ^-3 s. The next waiting multivibrator 39 with an adjustable duration of 1.0 • 10 ^-3 s • -3.5 • 10 ^-3 s is triggered by the amplitude of the negative derivative of the previous stage and its output pulse on the time axis is delayed relative to the light pulse. The smoothness of the delay is determined by the multivibrator 36. Subsequently, the positive output pulse from the multivibrator 39 is supplied to the input of the driver 42. The driver 42, which is powered by an independent constant voltage source 41, in the absence of an external pulse from the multivibrator 39 supplies continuously power to the top engine (polarity is shown in circles Fig. 5), but with the arrival of the pulse, it reverses the polarity for the entire duration of the pulse from the multivibrator 39 (the polarity is shown without circles). Thus, the braking momentum of the top is located inside the dynamic system itself and, in addition to the fact that it can "move" through the phase of harmonic oscillations due to the delay (the addition is a mechanical phase shifter), the duration of its impact on the top 1 is also adjustable. In fact, all this is carried out by two thin copper annealed wires with a diameter of 0.09 mm passing to the motor 35.

 The steel foil 27 glued to the side surface of the top 1 is slightly offset in azimuth relative to the reflecting sector 3 and the optical fiber 19. The permanent magnet 30 is offset by the same angle. This allows the reflected light pulse to appear on the photodetector a little earlier than the foil 27 enters the field of action magnet 30.

 The reflecting sector 3 in its length is equal to the length of the foil 27 and the magnet 30. The light pulse passes through the light guide 19 to the photodetector 29, and from it to the electronic switch 33, which during the duration of the pulse shorts the power supply 34 of the electric motor 35. The top at this moment, together with the foil, it moves by inertia in the field of action of the permanent magnet, thereby enhancing the connection between the top and the magnet, which can also be controlled by the length of the screw 31. In this method, the useful signal is directly related to the space-time distribution dix space objects, mainly the Sun and Moon. The device created on this method recorded the moments of rising and setting of the Moon and the Sun, their culmination points in the sky, the full moon, lunar and solar eclipses, as well as the passage of the perigee and the Earth by the moon of the solstice, etc.

 All astronomical data were taken from the Astronomical calendar (Yearbook. Variable part, 1997-1999 M. Cosmoinform).

In conclusion, the description should highlight two key points. The first point is that the duration of the inhibitory pulse covers a significant part of the phase of harmonic oscillations ~ 90 ^o and is located at the top of the half-wave. The nature of signal recording by the plotter is in the form of an envelope of low-frequency beats. The second point - the duration of the inhibitory pulse is located near the top of the half-wave and has a slightly shorter duration. In this case, the nature of the registration of signals has an amplitude form. For both the first and the second moment, the appropriate selection of the top speed and the sensitivity of the entire system is important (tuning).

 During operation of the device, the time of the change in the state of the top was recorded. In the general case, a background curve was recorded (almost straight). During the rising (setting) of the Moon or the Sun, when they passed perigee or apogee and other moments, a burst (change) was recorded on the record, while the time of recording the results was fixed constantly and the change in the state of the top corresponded to some phenomenon.

The measurement results are shown in FIG. 7-24 (specific records of the fixation of changes in the state of the top, tied to Moscow time). Moscow time is indicated, coordinates: latitude 55 ^o 47.69'N, longitude: 37 ^o 23.66'E, altitude ~ 130 m above sea level, recorder sweep speed 50 / cm.

 FIG. 7. Sunrise 08/01/96 - at 5 hours 24 hours

 FIG. 8 Sunset 15.08.98 - at 21 h. 5 m. 51.5 s.

 FIG. 9. Sunset (frequency image) 12/07/98 - at 16 h. 55 m. 39 s.

 FIG. 10. The setting of the Sun 01/19/99 - at 16 h. 33 m. 23 s.

 FIG. 11. The culmination of the Sun 06/25/98 - at 13 h. 32 m. 32.7 s.

 FIG. 12. The culmination of the Sun 01/17/99 - at 12 h. 40 m. 1.7 s.

 FIG. 13. Summer solstice 06/21/98 - at 15 h. 34 m. 8 p.

 FIG. 14. Winter solstice 12/22/98 - at 2 h. 25 m. 0.57 s.

 FIG. 15. The vernal equinox 03/21/99 - at 2 h. 17 m.

 FIG. 16. Sunset of the Moon (amplitude-frequency version) 03/13/99 - at 19 hours 29 m. 39.5 s.

 FIG. 17. Moonrise 01.15.98 - at 19 hours 58 m.

 FIG. 18. Moonrise 12/17/97 - at 10.47 a.m.

 FIG. 19. The culmination of the moon 03.08.98 - at 21 hours 49 m. 58 s.

 FIG. 20. The perigee of the moon 02.12.98 - at 12 h. 23 m. 1.6 s.

 FIG. 21. The onset of the full moon 09.07.98 - at 17 h. 27 m. 50.5 s.

FIG. 22. The annular solar eclipse of 08.22.98. Geocentric connection at the point with coordinates 147 ^o 15.2 'east longitude and 4 ^o 00.2' south latitude at 3 hours 38 meters 23 seconds.

FIG. 23. The annular solar eclipse of August 22, 98 (the last contact) at the point with coordinates 155 ^o 03.1 'west longitude and 28 ^o 46.1' south latitude - at 6 hours 43 m.

 FIG. 24. The penumbral lunar eclipse on January 31, 1999 (exit from the partial shade) - at 18 hours 54 m. 39.5 s.

Claims (4)

 1. The method of measuring changes in the state of a rotating top, to which oscillatory mechanical action is transmitted, characterized in that the measurements are carried out by an induction sensor, from which the main excited harmonic equal to the speed of the top is recorded, and a braking impulse synchronized with the speed is applied to the top, synchronized the pulse is obtained due to reflected light from the reflective sector deposited on the surface of the top, and the time of the change in the state of the top is recorded .  2. A device for measuring a change in the state of a top, comprising a top, a recording system, a start and vibration system, characterized in that the top is made in the form of a cylinder mounted on the axis of the engine, a reflective sector is applied to the top of the top, the top with the engine is mounted on a platform of of permanent magnets, the platform is mounted on an axis that is mounted on a stationary permanent magnet, the platform magnets and the stationary magnet are mounted towards each other with the same poles, the registration system in complete in the form of an induction sensor located between the platform magnets and the stationary magnet, the sensor output being connected to the input of a selective voltmeter, the output of which is connected to a recorder and one of the outputs of a two-beam oscilloscope, the second input of which has a clock pulse, and the vibration system contains a light source, fiber optic optical fibers, photodetector and braking system.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the braking system is made in the form of a permanent magnet located on the adjusting screw and a steel plate located on the side surface of the top with an azimuthal offset relative to the reflective sector, while an electronic light amplifier is introduced into it pulse, an electronic switch, a stabilized source of constant voltage, the outputs of which are connected to the top engine.  4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the braking system is made in the form of a series-connected electronic pulse amplifier, waiting for a multivibrator, an additional electronic pulse amplifier, a differentiating cascade, a second waiting multivibrator, a stabilized constant voltage source connected to the driver, while waiting multivibrators and an electronic pulse amplifier are connected to their own power source.

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