RU2170966C1 - Method for handling radioactive materials (alternatives) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear power engineering; nuclear industry. SUBSTANCE: according to first alternative, fissional materials and fission products are placed in tanks of spent nuclear fuel storage on board reactor-refueling floating facility; then storage compartment is cut from floating facility, placed in separate compartment of nuclear submarine, and disposed there, Other alternative involves cutting of nuclear power plant holding fissionable materials and fission products and its mounting in separate compartment of nuclear submarine for subsequent disposal. Advantages offered by proposed method are as follows: reduced dose rate from radioactive wastes; enlarged amount of radioactive wastes being disposed; reduced number of refueling operations; reduced time of personnel exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive wastes. EFFECT: improved safety in handling radioactive materials. 6 cl, 6 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of nuclear energy and the nuclear industry and relates to the handling of fissile materials, fission products.

 A known method of handling radioactive waste, including defective (emergency) nuclear fuel, including placing emergency marine nuclear fuel in fuel assemblies in the tanks of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of a floating technical base for recharging nuclear reactors, storing it in tanks, filling the tanks with cement mortar, curing cement mortar, cutting out the compartment with the storage from a floating technical base, moving tanks with homogeneous radioactive waste to a long-term storage (see, For example, H. Bassetiere, The Lepse Project. Result of the European Commission Study for Retrieval of Spent Fuel, International Conference "Radioactive Waste. Storage, Transportation, Reprocessing. Human and Environmental Impacts", October 14-18, 1996, Art. Petersburg, Questions of materials science, 1997, N 1, pp. 54-69).

 A known method of handling radioactive waste, including defective nuclear fuel of a nuclear submarine, including draining the reactor vessel with an emergency core of a nuclear power plant of a nuclear submarine, removing the drained reactor vessel from a nuclear power plant, placing the removed reactor vessel in a protective container, transporting a protective container with a reactor vessel for storage, in particular, to the coastal adit; storage in the coastal adit a reactor container body with radioactive waste, comprising emergency nuclear fuel (RF Patent No. 2130655, IPC 6 G 21 F 9/34, 22.09.97, publ. 20.05.99, Bul. N 14).

 The closest is the known method for managing radioactive waste of a nuclear submarine, including draining the reactor vessel with an emergency core containing defective nuclear fuel, a nuclear power plant installed in its reactor compartment, and separating the reactor compartment of a nuclear submarine containing radioactive waste in a nuclear power installation, from other compartments of the nuclear submarine, isolation of the reactor compartment by sealing the bulkheads of the reactor compartment, department the rocket compartment of a nuclear submarine, the placement of a reactor compartment containing radioactive waste in a nuclear power plant in the rocket compartment of a nuclear submarine, the reinforcement of the bulkheads of the rocket compartment of an atomic submarine with additional protective bulkhead plates, the placement of the storage formed as a result of the installation of a reactor compartment with radioactive waste in the reactor vessel, in the rocket compartment of a nuclear submarine, for long-term storage (SDGavrilov, VA Kremnev, PLSmirnov, GIToshinsky, GPSuvorov, Substantiation of Nuclear Safety Ensuring for Storing LWR Cores, Including Damaged Ones, in NPP of Russian Out of Service Nuclear Powered Submarines, Surface Ships and Vessels, 7th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, April 19-23, 1999, ICONE - 7080).

 The main disadvantage of the known methods of radioactive waste management is their insufficient environmental friendliness due to the nuclear and radiation hazard to the environment, low manufacturability, and the reduced degree of filling the storage facility with radioactive waste.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the environmental friendliness and manufacturability of radioactive waste management, increasing the degree of filling the storage facility with radioactive waste.

 This problem is solved by the invention by achieving a technical result, which consists in reducing the dose rate of radiation from radioactive waste, increasing the amount of radioactive waste deposited, reducing the number of overloads of radioactive waste, reducing the exposure time of personnel on ionizing radiation from radioactive waste.

 The technical result is achieved in a method for the management of radioactive waste, including the placement of fissile materials in the tanks of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of a floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors, the placement of fission products in the compartment of a floating technical base with spent nuclear fuel storage, cutting from the floating technical base of the storage compartment, separation of the compartment from other compartments of a nuclear submarine, placement in a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine cut from a floating vessel of the technical base of the storage compartment, storage of the separated compartment of the nuclear submarine with the radioactive waste compartment cut out of the floating technical base, in particular, it is proposed to first place fissile materials in the tanks of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of the floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors, then cut them out from the floating technical base base compartment with storage, and then in the cut compartment to place fission products, it is recommended to separate more than one compartment of a nuclear submarine.

 The invention is proposed as follows.

 Example 1. Spent nuclear fuel of ship nuclear power plants is discharged from the tanks of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of the floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors to be cut, defective nuclear fuel of transport nuclear power plants in the spent nuclear fuel storage tanks of the operated floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors is transported to the location floating technical base to be cut, defective nuclear fuel from exp tanks manned floating technical bases are loaded into the vacant canisters of the spent nuclear fuel storage tanks of the floating technical base to be cut, this floating technical base with defective nuclear fuel in the spent nuclear fuel storage tanks is transported to a slipway, the spent nuclear fuel storage cooling circuit of the floating technical base storage is drained, installed floating technical base for the slipway, fission products of shipboard nuclear power plants from trans coastal storages port to the location of the floating technical base on the slipway, place them in the compartment with the spent nuclear fuel storage facility, on the slipway the compartment with the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of the floating technical base is separated using the known method of gas cutting of large-sized objects, including activated and contaminated ones (see, for example, A.Ya.Blecher, VS Bychenkov, VV Dovgusha, ABKrupkin, VIKvasha, KK Popkov, Comparative Ecological and Hygienic Analysis of Existing and Perspective Technologies for Nuclear Submarine Disintegration, Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems, NATO / Russian Academy of Sciences Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, June 19-22, 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996, p. 263-271), on the slipway with gas cutters, the compartment of the atomic submarine, including the strong and light hull, is separated from its other compartments (see, for example, NYKalistratov, BMLesokhin, Experience of the NPS Utilization at the Enterprise "Zvezdochka" and Ecological and Safety Problems, Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal, NATO / Russian Academy of Sciences Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, November 24-26, 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, p. 283- 290), gas cutters also remove one of the bulkheads of the strong compartment body, remove equipment and structures from the interior of the durable compartment body, install inside and outside of it, instruments and equipment for monitoring fissile materials and fission products and means for transmitting information about their condition, place a compartment of a floating technical base with spent nuclear fuel storage inside a solid compartment body, install a new bulkhead instead of a removed bulkhead, then move the nuclear submarine compartment boats with a compartment of the floating technical base with radioactive waste and equipment for their control from the slipway of the slipway to the ground storage site Nia in a protected area, store radioactive waste placed in the compartment of the floating technical base, inside the compartment cover nuclear submarine. As a result of the above sequence and set of actions for the management of radioactive waste, including fissile materials and fission products, the number of operations performed in this process is reduced, the radiation dose of personnel performing these operations is reduced; when fission products are placed in the cut-out compartment with the spent nuclear fuel storage, it is possible to absorb ionizing radiation from radioactive waste located in the internal part of the compartment with spent nuclear fuel storage relative to them, thereby reducing the power of ionizing radiation outside the light compartment body and personnel radiation dose, performing control over the radioactive waste stored in the compartment, at the same time the degree of filling the compartment with radioactive waste increases ; the use of durable and lightweight compartment bodies and bulkheads, the materials of which absorb ionizing radiation, when the latter are located between radioactive waste placed inside the cut-out compartment with spent nuclear fuel storage and the outer border of the lightweight housing, further reduces the radiation power outside the compartment; in addition, due to the preliminary installation of the transmitting and receiving equipment for monitoring radioactive waste, it is possible to reduce the time of exposure to ionizing radiation on the staff.

 Example 2. The same as in example 1, but the defective nuclear fuel of the transport nuclear power plants is placed in the canisters of the spent nuclear fuel storage of the floating technical base for reloading the reactors free of spent nuclear fuel, and in the inter-tank space of the spent nuclear fuel storage of the floating technical base place highly radioactive rods of the automatic control system, reactivity compensation bodies, rods of the emergency protection system, fill in a free the equipment of tanks and the inter-tank space of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of a floating technical base with defective nuclear fuel with cement mortar, during curing of which fissile materials and fission products are fixed, the floating technical base is transported to a slipway, the floating technical base is placed on a slipway, and the compartment with the spent nuclear storage facility is separated fuel of a floating technical base, using the method of laser cutting of large-sized thick-walled objects, including activated and contaminated (see, e.g., R.B. Arutyunyan, G.A. Baranov, AK Zinchenko, Problems of Safe Application of Laser Technological Process For Disassembly of the Nuclear Installations of NSM, Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal, NATO / Russian Academy of Sciences Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, November 24-26, 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, p. 137-144), fission products and highly toxic waste from nuclear power plants are transported from shore storage to the location on the slipway of the cut out compartment of the floating technical base with spent nuclear fuel storage, they are placed in the cut out compartment where the spent nuclear fuel storage is located, the nuclear submarine compartment on the slipway with gas cutters is separated from other compartments of the nuclear submarine, an input device is installed on the lower part and along the sides inside the sturdy case of the compartment, moving and placing in it the hull of the compartment of the floating technical base with the spent nuclear fuel storage with defective nuclear fuel, move the cut out compartment of the floating technical base with the spent nuclear fuel storage on the slipway with the compartment separated from the nuclear submarine, before combining it with the device for entering into compartment, moving and placing the compartment of the floating technical base in it, place the compartment of the floating technical base inside the durable compartment body, installed in the durable compartment housing instead of the removed bulkhead, the bulkhead, the left bulkhead is strengthened by the bulkhead, the compartment of the nuclear submarine with the compartment of the floating technical base with radioactive waste and equipment for their control located from the slipway slipway to the ground storage area in the protected area is moved, radioactive waste is stored located in the compartment of the floating technical base, inside the separated compartment of the nuclear submarine.

 Example 3. The same as in example 2, but two adjacent compartments of a nuclear submarine are separated, in each of which one cut-out compartment of a floating technical base with fissile materials and fission products is stored, these radioactive waste stored in cut-out compartments of floating technical bases with spent nuclear fuel storage facilities, inside adjacent compartments separated from other compartments of a nuclear submarine. When placing compartments with spent nuclear fuel storages in adjacent compartments, it is possible to further reduce the time of exposure of ionizing radiation to personnel by duplicating previously installed transmitting and receiving equipment for monitoring radioactive waste in adjacent compartments (compared with the same sequence and set of actions for two separate compartments ), placement of compartments with spent nuclear fuel storage facilities in two adjacent compartments is possible when ready for cutting of buoyant bases reactor refueling two compartments buoyant bases from storage of spent nuclear fuel, which has fissionable materials and fission products.

 A known method of handling radioactive waste from a nuclear submarine, including unloading spent nuclear fuel from its reactor compartment, cutting it up with dismantling low- and medium-level waste, cutting reactor vessels and other highly radioactive equipment in a hot chamber by a remotely controlled complex, and placing cut-out highly radioactive equipment in containers, moving containers to special sites for aging, storage of highly radioactive waste in containers for 25-30 years (see. e.g. SDGavrilov, VAKremnev, VAMaksakov, BM Nevzorov, Decommissioning and Recycling of Nuclear Submarines and Other Nuclear Powered Ships and Vessels, Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems, NATO / Russian Academy of Sciences Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, June 19-22, 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996, p. 67-75).

 Closest is the known method for managing radioactive waste of a nuclear submarine, comprising separating the reactor compartment of a nuclear submarine containing radioactive waste, including defective nuclear fuel, in a reactor of a nuclear power plant, from other compartments of a nuclear submarine, placing the reactor compartment in a cylindrical shell, in particular, in the compartment of a nuclear submarine, creating a “sarcophagus” from a cylindrical shell, transporting the “sarcophagus” to a long-term storage site Ii, placing it there, storing the "sarcophagus" on a long-term storage site (VVBorisov, VAMazokin, M.Ye. Netecha, Yu.V. Orlov, GA Stanislavsky, VKUlassevich, Basis of the Concept of Reactor Compartmen Handling (Including Off Normal) When recycling Nuclear Submarines, Top Priority R&D, NATO / Russian Academy of Sciences Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, June 19-22, 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996, p. 41-52).

 The main disadvantage of the known methods of radioactive waste management is their insufficient environmental friendliness due to the nuclear and radiation hazard to the environment, low manufacturability, and the reduced degree of filling the storage facility with radioactive waste.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the environmental friendliness and manufacturability of radioactive waste management, increasing the degree of filling the storage facility with radioactive waste.

 This problem is solved by the invention by achieving a technical result, which consists in reducing the dose rate of radiation from radioactive waste, increasing the amount of radioactive waste deposited, reducing the number of overloads of radioactive waste, reducing the time of exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation from radioactive waste.

 The technical result is achieved in a method for managing radioactive waste, including cutting a nuclear power plant with fissile materials and fission products, separating the compartment from other compartments of a nuclear submarine, placing a cut nuclear power plant in a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine, storing a separated compartment of a nuclear submarine with cut nuclear power plant, in particular, it is proposed to place in the compartment more than one nuclear power plant, rivers It is recommended that more than one compartment of a nuclear submarine be separated.

 Example 4. A nuclear power plant of a nuclear submarine with spent nuclear fuel located in the reactor’s core and not subject to reprocessing on existing spent nuclear fuel recovery lines, which makes it possible to classify it as radioactive waste - fissile material filled with heavy metal coolant, after it is cured, transported on the slipway, install a nuclear submarine on the slipway, with the gas cutters separate the reactor compartment of the nuclear submarine with nuclear power A nuclear installation with fissile materials in the reactor from its other compartments, also cut out a nuclear power plant from the reactor compartment with the subreactor activated part of the strong and lightweight reactor compartment, and on the slipway with the gas cutters, separate the compartment of another atomic submarine, including a durable and lightweight hull, from its other compartments, they also remove with gas cutters one of the bulkheads of the robust compartment body, remove equipment and structures from the internal space of the robust housing compartment, install inside the compartment and outside its instruments and equipment for monitoring fission products and fissile materials formed during the operation of a nuclear submarine in the structures and equipment of a nuclear power plant, and means of transmitting information about their condition, place a nuclear power plant with fissile materials in the reactor inside the robust compartment body, a new bulkhead is installed instead of the removed bulkhead, the nuclear submarine compartment is moved from the nuclear submarine An energy installation with fissile materials and fission products and equipment for monitoring their condition from the slipway of the slipway to the ground storage area in the protected area stores radioactive waste located in a nuclear power installation inside a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine. As a result of the above sequence and set of actions for the handling of fissile materials and fission products in a cut-out nuclear power plant, the number of operations performed in this case is reduced, the radiation dose of personnel performing these operations is reduced; the use of a durable and lightweight compartment housing and bulkheads, the materials of which absorb ionizing radiation, when the latter are located between non-reprocessable spent nuclear fuel in the reactor core located inside the cut out nuclear power plant, and the outer border of the lightweight housing further reduces radiation power outside the compartment ; in addition, due to the preliminary installation of the transmitting and receiving equipment for monitoring non-reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, it is possible to reduce the time of exposure of ionizing radiation to staff.

 Example 5. The same as in example 4, but two nuclear-powered submarines with a nuclear power plant with two spent nuclear fuel reactors in non-reprocessing active zones are transported to a slipway, and nuclear power plants are cut from their reactor compartments with subreactor activated and contaminated parts of the reactor compartments, the compartment is installed on the lower part and along the sides inside the strong body, separated by gas cutters on the slipway from the other compartments of the nuclear submarine and the compartment is a device for introducing, moving, placing and fixing nuclear power plants in it with sub-reactor activated parts of the reactor compartment, using the specified device, two nuclear power plants with fissile materials are placed and fixed in their reactor vessels inside a durable compartment body, cement is additionally fixed with a solution transferred to the solid phase, the compartment of a nuclear submarine with nuclear power plants placed in it with fissile materials is moved Materials and fission products and equipment for monitoring their condition from the slipway of the slipway to the ground storage area in the protected area store radioactive waste located in nuclear power plants inside a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine. Placing two nuclear power plants in the compartment with non-reprocessing spent nuclear fuel can increase the degree of filling of the compartment with fissile materials, when two nuclear power plants with non-reprocessing spent nuclear fuel in the reactor core are ready to cut from the reactor compartments.

 Example 6. The same as in example 5, but cut out two adjacent compartments of a nuclear submarine, in each of which two nuclear power plants cut from the reactor compartments with fixed fissile materials, spent nuclear fuel and fission products are stored in including two installations with light-water reactors, each of which includes emergency and non-emergency reactors, the active zones of light-water reactors are filled with lead melt, cured during its cooling (see, for example, RF Patent 21 32098, MKI 6 G 21 F 9/34, 9/28, 04/22/98, publ. 06/20/99, Bull. N 17), store radioactive waste representing fissile materials in the reactor vessels, fission products formed during operation nuclear power plants in the designs and equipment of these plants and the subreactor parts of the contaminated and activated reactor compartment hulls, inside adjacent compartments separated from the nuclear submarine compartments. When placing nuclear power plants with radioactive waste in adjacent compartments, it is possible to further reduce the time of exposure of ionizing radiation to personnel by duplicating previously installed transmitting and receiving equipment for monitoring radioactive waste, including defective nuclear fuel, in adjacent compartments (compared to the same sequence and a set of actions for two separate compartments), the placement of four nuclear power plants in two adjacent compartments When ready for cutting from the reactor compartments of nuclear submarines four nuclear power plants with non-reprocessable spent nuclear fuel and defective nuclear fuel in the reactor core.

 The invention is applicable to the management of radioactive waste, ship defective nuclear fuel, in particular for the placement of radioactive waste for long-term storage in the compartment of a nuclear submarine, mainly radioactive waste, decommissioned floating technical bases for reloading reactors and temporary coastal storages, and decommissioned nuclear energy emergency core installations; the applicability of the inventions is based on the experience gained in cutting, mainly gas cutting, the hulls of nuclear submarines, the availability of floating technical bases for reloading nuclear reactors and on-shore storage facilities for ship spent nuclear fuel, including defective ones, the presence of nuclear submarines in the reactor core spent nuclear fuel not subject to reprocessing on the existing lines for the regeneration of spent nuclear fuel filled with cured heavy gravity thermal fluid in particular.

Claims (6)

 1. The method of radioactive waste management, including the placement of fissile materials in the tanks of the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of the floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors, the placement of fission products in the compartment of the floating technical base with the spent nuclear fuel storage facility, cutting from the floating technical base of the storage compartment, the compartment compartment from other compartments of a nuclear submarine, placement in a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine of a compartment from storage facilities cut from a floating technical base eat, storage of a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine with a compartment with radioactive waste cut out of a floating technical base.  2. The method according to claim 1, in which at first the fissile materials in the tanks are placed in the spent nuclear fuel storage facility of the floating technical base for reloading nuclear reactors, then the storage compartment is cut from the floating technical base, and then the fission products are placed in it.  3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, in which more than one compartment is separated from other compartments of a nuclear submarine.  4. A method of managing radioactive waste, including cutting out a nuclear power plant with fissile materials and fission products, separating the compartment from other compartments of a nuclear submarine, placing a cut out nuclear power plant in a separate compartment of a nuclear submarine, storing a separated compartment of a nuclear submarine with cut nuclear power plant.  5. The method according to claim 4, wherein more than one nuclear power plant is placed in the compartment.  6. The method according to p. 4 or 5, in which more than one compartment is separated from other compartments of a nuclear submarine.