RU2168805C2 - Pulsed chemical power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: stand-by power supplies for mechanical engineering, ship building, instrumentation engineering, flying vehicles. SUBSTANCE: device has case accommodating electrode blocks and ampoules filled with thionychloride base nonaqueous electrolyte, and gas producer. Ampoules are made in the form of bellows and constitute individual electrochemical cell together with electrode blocks. The latter are filled with inert gas held at pressure below atmospheric value. Destroying diaphragm is secures through sealed joint on movable lid of ampoule. Ampoule opening members are rigidly secured on fixed bases of electrode blocks in clearance between electrode block base and ampoule lid. Outer contour of slot is boarded by corrugated member whose height is comparable with that of drift. Hardness of corrugated member is lower than that of ampoule bellows. EFFECT: improved operating reliability and simplified design of cell.

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to chemical current sources, and can be used for the manufacture of backup chemical current sources with non-aqueous electrolyte.

 Known chemical current source (CIT) with non-aqueous electrolyte (AS USSR N 934919, class MKI H 01 M 6/14, publ. 07.06.82 BI N 21, 06/09/82,), containing a housing anode, cathode, porous separator, cover with insulation, down conductor made of carbon-containing material and in contact with the separator.

 In the well-known HIT, reliability is ensured by using a liquid depolarizer of the cathode - thionyl chloride and maintaining contact between the sacrificial anode and the collector, however, the device does not provide elements that increase the reliability of operation at the time of operation of the element.

 Known is the closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved technical result of an ampoule-type HIT, containing a housing, a collapsing ampoule filled with non-aqueous electrolyte, electrode blocks, in each of which casting anodes, carbon cathodes separated by porous separators, a pressure pulse source, involving a kinematic mass that destroys an ampoule with an electrolyte during the activation of an element (German patent N 3718788, class MKI H 01 M 6/38).

 The disadvantages of the known HIT include relatively high complexity, insufficiently high reliability of operation at the time of activation due to the appearance of the remains of the destroyed material of ampoules in the working cavity of the electrode block, which can lead to a failure of the battery.

 The technical problem solved by the authors of the invention is to develop a simple design of a multi-ampule HIT, characterized by increased safety and reliability of operation.

 A new technical result obtained using the proposed HIT ampoule type, compared with the prototype, is to increase the reliability of operation, safety, simplifying the design and ensuring the estimated discharge characteristics.

 An additional technical result is the ability to control the state of readiness of the HIT to work, in addition, an additional technical result is to increase the reliability of the response speed.

 The indicated technical result and the technical task are achieved by the fact that in the well-known HIT of the ampoule type, comprising a housing, an ampoule with a non-aqueous electrolyte placed therein, electrode blocks, each of which is equipped with a lithium anode, a carbon cathode, separated by a porous separator, according to the proposed device in addition, the estimated number of ampoules with electrolyte is installed in the housing, corresponding to the number of electrode blocks containing gas under a pressure below atmospheric, with the possibility of moving Each of them in the axial direction to the electrode block, each ampoule is made in the form of a bellows made of corrosion-resistant metal and forms a single electrochemical cell with a corresponding electrode block, at the interface between them on the movable base of the ampoule, a collapsing membrane is tightly fixed with a gap relative to the fixed base electrode block, in the center of the base of which the ampoule opening element is rigidly fixed, while all electrochemical elements (ECE) are oriented in pairs and opposite relative to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the current source and the pressure pulse source, located in the center of the housing and pneumatically connected to the bellows, in the gap between each bellows and the electrode block there is a corrugated element covering the opening element of the ampoules along the generatrix of the electrode block, which are comparable with each other in height.

 In addition, the HIT is additionally equipped with a control element for determining the operating state, made in the form of a film conductor on a dielectric substrate, which is pneumatically connected to a pressure pulse source, in addition, the corrugated element is made with a stiffness less than the rigidity of the bellows.

 The drawing shows the proposed HIT multi-ampoule type. The device contains a block of eight ECEs mounted in the housing 6, closed on one side by a protective cap 2, on the other hand, by a cover 3. In the center of the housing is a pressure pulse source 7. Each ECE consists of an ampoule made in the form of a bellows 5 and an electrode unit 4. A membrane is installed in the center of the moving cap of the ampoule and electrode block.

 Each ampoule is fixed rigidly on the base 11. A control element (not shown) is pneumatically connected to the source 7.

 All electrolyte chambers of the electrode blocks are directed towards the base of the housing, where the pneumatic communication cavity with the pressure pulse source is located.

Battery activation is as follows,
Initially, an electrical impulse is supplied to the electric igniter of a pressure source, for example, a gas generator 7. During the operation of the gas generator, gas is generated which creates pressure in the cavity of the base of the housing, which compresses the bellows ampoules and corrugated elements 10. In this case, the compression of the corrugated elements with a lower coefficient of elasticity ahead of the compression of the ampoules, due to which there is a movement of the upper base of the latter with hermetically fixed membranes in the direction of e tamper evident (breakers), due to the presence of liquid electrolyte in the bellows. Further influence of the pressure pulse causes the electrolyte to be displaced into the cavity of the electrode blocks, and the battery is brought into operation.

 The presence of the control element, which collapses under the influence of a pressure pulse, allows you to set the state of readiness of the battery to work. This is ensured by the implementation of the control element (not shown) in the form of a film conductor deposited on a dielectric substrate.

 Unlike the prototype, where it is necessary to complicate the operation of accounting and control of the strength characteristics of the material of the ampoule and the kinetic system that destroys it, in the proposed device the reliability of operation is ensured by the choice of the material of the bellows with sufficient ductility corresponding to the critical value of the pressure pulse of the gas generator.

 Separate execution of each ECE unit allows simplifying the overall layout of the battery, provides the possibility of independent storage of ECE until assembly and operational assembly at the required time of operation.

 In contrast to the prototype, the use in the proposed HIT of the calculated number of ampoules, corresponding to the number of electrode blocks, eliminates possible short-circuit paths in the electrolyte when the battery is activated, since each ECE is filled from a separate ampoule, and also eliminates the need for a complex bypass system, containing movable elements (pistons, valves, etc.). In addition, the pairwise-opposed and coaxially symmetric placement of the ECE, gas generator, housing allows you to implement a tight layout, reduce the size and simplify the design of the HIT as a whole. The acceleration and reliability of battery response is facilitated by the additional inclusion of a corrugating element with lower elastic characteristics than ampoule bellows, in addition, the gas pressure in the electrode blocks contributes to the acceleration of the operation, which increases the speed of filling the working cavities of the electrode blocks with electrolyte.

 Ensuring the calculated electrical characteristics in the declared HIT is achieved through the use of a well-known electrochemical system such as lithium thionyl chloride.

 The possibility of industrial implementation of the proposed HIT multi-ampull type is confirmed by the following example of a specific implementation of the device.

 Example 1

 The reserve ChIT based on the lithium thionyl chloride of the electrochemical system is made of two opposite sections of four ECEs connected in series, symmetrical about the central axis of the ChIT.

 In general, eight electrochemical cells are placed in the HIT, which are fixed in the press material of the battery case 6, closed on one side by a protective cap 2, and on the other - by a cover 3. In the center of the case there is a gas generator 7, each ECE consists of an electrolyte chamber hermetically separated from each other (ampoules) 5 and the electrode unit 4. The electrolyte chamber (ampoule) is made in the form of a bellows. A nickel membrane is welded in the center of the ampoule cover. Ampoules are made of stainless steel.

 ECEs are installed in bushings 8 fixed in the press material of the housing using nuts 9, while the electrolyte chambers are directed towards the base, in which the cavities are made, which provide gas supply from the gas generator to the bellows.

 The battery is activated by applying an electrical impulse to the gas generator’s electric igniter, which releases a portion of the gas that creates pressure in the cavity of the base of the housing. Under the action of increased pressure, the corrugated elements are compressed and the ampoules with the membranes move synchronously towards the corresponding punches, as a result of which the membranes rupture, the electrolyte is fed into the cavity of the electrode blocks. The battery is operational. Bringing time into operation does not exceed 5 s. An increase in the activation speed is facilitated by a more rapid supply of electrolyte under the action of pressure generated by the bellows during their compression and by performing a vacuum in the cavity of the electrode blocks, which is achieved by pumping an inert gas under a pressure of 0.1 atm in the cavities of the electrode block. Experimental verification confirms the achievement of higher reliability compared to the prototype.

Claims (3)

 1. A chemical ampoule-type current source, comprising a housing, an ampoule with a non-aqueous electrolyte placed therein, electrode blocks, each of which is equipped with an alkali metal anode, a carbon cathode, separated by a porous separator, characterized in that the estimated amount is additionally installed in the housing ampoules with electrolyte, corresponding to the number of electrode blocks containing gas under a pressure below atmospheric, with the possibility of moving each of them in the axial direction to the electrode block, each the ampoule is made in the form of a bellows made of corrosion-resistant metal and combined with the corresponding electrode block into a single electrochemical cell, a collapsing membrane is tightly fixed at the interface between the ampoule and the electrode block with a gap relative to the fixed base of the electrode block, in the center of which there is an opening element for the ampoule, all electrochemical elements are oriented in pairs and opposite to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the current source and the pressure pulse source, which is located in the center of the housing and pneumatically connected to the bellows, a corrugated element is made in the gap between each bellows and the electrode block, which covers the opening element of the ampoule along the generatrix of the electrode block, the height of which is comparable with the height of the element for opening the ampoule.  2. The chemical current source according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a control element for determining the operating state, made in the form of a film conductor on a dielectric substrate, which is pneumatically connected to a pressure pulse source.  3. The chemical current source according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugated element is made with stiffness of lower rigidity of the ampoule bellows.