RU216739U1 - TOILET WITH FLUSH - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the utility model is a toilet bowl with a flush system with a rimless bowl (1), with flushing water supply to its upper, rear part, including an inlet tube (8) ending with an inlet (7) and a channel (9) located behind it, ending with a mouth release (10). The outlet (2) for the siphon (3) is located at the bottom of the bowl (1). The toilet bowl has a first central plane (AA), which in the assembled state of the toilet bowl is parallel to the mounting wall and mentally divides the toilet bowl through the center of the outlet (2) into front and rear parts. The rear part is adjacent to the mounting wall and a second central plane (CC) perpendicular to it, mentally dividing the toilet bowl through the center of the outlet (2) into right and left parts. The bowl (1) has an upper edge (6), which is a fragment of the upper inner surface of the bowl (1), located directly below the cover (5) of an elliptical shape, formed in the form of a flat ring with vertical walls. The outlet (2) is offset within this ellipse towards the back of the toilet bowl. The mouth of the outlet (10) of the channel (9) is located asymmetrically with respect to the second central plane (CC), to the right or left of the bowl (1) in its upper part in such a way that flush water enters it, falling primarily on the back of the upper edge (6), in a horizontal direction and tangential to the inner surface of the bowl (1), and then performs a rotational movement inside it. The toilet bowl is characterized by the fact that the internal shape of the bowl (1), with the exception of the position of the outlet mouth (10), has a symmetrical shape with respect to the second central plane (CC), and that the bowl (1) on its inner side, at the height of the outlet mouth ( 10) and just below the upper edge (6), has an upper threshold (12) formed in the form of a bulge running horizontally along the entire inner surface of the bowl (1), and in the back region of the bowl (1) it is slightly less protruding than in the others. her areas. 18 w.p. f-ly.

Description

Scope of technical application

The present utility model relates to a toilet with a bowl into which flushing water is supplied.

Technology level

Toilets with a flush system, with a bowl into which flush water is supplied, as well as with a water outlet (drain) to the sewer system are widely known and used. As standard, toilets with a flush system have a bowl-shaped body with a hole in the upper part, and the used water is drained into the sewer system through a siphon. Toilet bowls are usually made of ceramic material.

The toilet flush system is used to perform two tasks: cleaning the inside of the bowl and moving the used water, along with impurities, through the siphon and into the drain. In traditional bowls, a so-called flush rim is formed as a standard on the upper inner edge of the bowl in the form of an annular channel with holes or a slot, which acts as an annular (shower) system. Flushing is carried out by diverting part of the water into a hollow rim, from which it exits into the body through a continuous narrow slot or a series of holes located at a distance from each other, which allows washing the inside surface of the bowl. Large volumes of water can be directed to specific areas of the bowl, such as down the front and back surfaces of the toilet (for example, through large openings at these locations). The part of the rim containing the channel can be made as a separate hollow part and added to the bowl during production, or as an integral part of the bowl during production. In both cases, it is usually in the form of a flange - protrudes inward so that it hangs from the top of the toilet around all or part of its rim. Toilet bowls with other flushing mechanisms are also known in the art, for example, using a rotational (vortex) movement of the water jet caused by the introduction of a water jet tangentially into the bowl, as well as toilet bowls having, instead of a downward hanging flange, a hollow groove / channel surrounding the inside surface of the bowl.

The shape of the bowl, which uses a conventional annular flushing rim (usually with a flange), as well as various hollow channels or grooves, suggests the presence of hard-to-reach places in the form of protrusions and depressions in it, which makes it difficult and sometimes even interferes with effective cleaning of the bowl. The channel in the flushing rim is completely inaccessible and cannot be cleaned. This design makes traditional toilet bowls particularly susceptible to soiling and limescale deposits. In addition, in toilet bowls of this design, due to the too low pressure of the water jets on the walls of the bowl, flushing is relatively ineffective, and therefore large volumes of water must be consumed. In addition, water flowing down the sides of the bowl enters the siphon with too little force, which can lead to a situation where a single flush will not remove all impurities.

A flush toilet with a symmetrical internal bowl shape and a traditional flushing rim is described, for example, in British patent application GB 685960 A.

GB 2045311 B, in turn, proposes a bowl with a smooth inner contour which does not have a flange around the rim. However, the rim of such a bowl is surrounded by a hollow water channel with one or more flush holes. The recesses formed in such a bowl rim, as with a conventional flange, also create problems in keeping the toilet clean, as dirt and limescale can accumulate in them.

From French patent application FR 2744744 A, a flush toilet with an asymmetrical internal bowl shape having a traditional flushing rim is known. The bowl has an outlet for the siphon, offset relative to the axis of symmetry of its rim. The inner wall of the bowl consists of spherical or conical segments connected at the edges, with slightly raised joints so that the bowl can be rinsed and emptied at the same time.

British patent application GB 2431937 A, in contrast, describes a toilet with a symmetrical internal bowl shape without the traditional annular flushing rim. In this solution, flush water is directed into the toilet bowl through an inlet pointing downwards and through inlets directed towards the top of the inner surface of the toilet bowl (parallel to the plane of the toilet bowl opening). The flushed water flows out of the pre-chamber, located immediately behind the inlet that supplies water from the pipes to the toilet, and is closed by a fragment of the rim of the toilet, and is directed simultaneously to the left and right sides of the bowl, tangentially to its inner wall, after which these two flows move along the inner wall of the bowl and collide with each other in front of it.

Patent EP 2604761 B1 is the closest in terms of technology to the developed solution. This document relates to a flush toilet without a conventional flush rim, in which the flush inlet is asymmetrical and which has an asymmetrical bowl shape. The essence of the solution described in this document lies in the fact that the bowl has an asymmetric shape relative to the vertical central plane, due to which the internal shape of the bowl determines the trajectory of the flow of flushed water, that is, makes it move in a certain way along the inner wall of the bowl. The trajectory of the flushed water jet on one side relative to the central plane is lower than on the other, as a result of which a downward movement is superimposed on the rotational movement of water, which depends on the internal shape of the bowl, and, consequently, a vertical downward component is added to the velocity of the flushed water, due to the inner shape of the bowl.

The essence of the utility model

Thus, the described state of the art shows various solutions to the technical problem of providing a toilet with a flush system that guarantees rapid flushing of water into the bowl while cleaning its surface as thoroughly as possible. Surprisingly, it has been found that this problem can be solved even more efficiently with a novel toilet design unknown in the art, which is an alternative to the designs described above, in particular those described in GB 2431937 A and EP 2604761 B1. GB 2431937 A describes a toilet bowl without the traditional flushing rim, with a symmetrical internal shape of the bowl, into which water enters in a symmetrical way (through a symmetrical inlet), simultaneously to the left and right sides. Patent EP 2604761 B1, in turn, describes a toilet bowl without a traditional flushing rim, which has an asymmetric bowl shape with respect to a vertical central plane and in which the water supply to the bowl is asymmetrical. An alternative solution to the above technical problem is the toilet according to claim 1, the design of which provides for the absence of a flushing rim (i.e., a rimless toilet) with an asymmetric supply of flushing water to the bowl, but with a symmetrical bowl. This construction will be described in more detail later in the description.

As unexpectedly found out in the course of experimental tests conducted by the authors of this utility model, the most effective in terms of the rate of flushing water into the bowl is the toilet, symmetrical about the vertical central plane with an asymmetric water supply to the bowl - water is supplied tangentially to the inner surface of the bowl, in the upper back of it, and goes to the left and right sides. Such a toilet allows the water to be flushed down much faster and more dynamically than the asymmetric toilet known from the aforementioned patent EP 2604761 B1. Such a symmetrical shape of the toilet allows you to create a rotational movement of the flushing water in the bowl, as well as to obtain a significant vertical component of the velocity of the downward movement of the water jet towards the outlet into the siphon. The rinsing water in this bowl shape moves with greater momentum, which further improves its cleaning properties, as it cleans the inside walls of the bowl more effectively.

The authors of the present utility model have also found that for efficient flush operation, especially with small amounts of flush water, in addition to the vertical velocity component, it is also important to keep the water in the toilet bowl for a long time and direct the water jet in such a way as to clean the inside walls of the bowl as thoroughly as possible. which, according to the utility model, can be achieved by having a threshold or several thresholds in the bowl, preferably two. Due to their design, these thresholds keep the water flow in a rotational motion for a longer time and thus allow efficient use of the energy of the water flow. Said sills are regions on the inner surface of the bowl where the vertical slope of that inner surface is less than in the regions immediately above and below them. In simple terms, these are "more horizontal" areas. And speaking in the exact language of mathematics, the gradient of the vertical slope of the inner surface of the bowl is locally less important in these areas than in the areas immediately above and below them. Technically (structurally), the threshold is a bulge running horizontally along the inner surface of the bowl. These sills run horizontally, generally around the entire perimeter of the bowl, and they, like the entire interior surface of the bowl below the water inlet, are symmetrical (left to right) about the vertical center plane.

The toilet according to the utility model has a bowl without flushing rim, which in the following part of the description will be called rimless. The internal shape of such a bowl does not have a flushing rim, that is, a rim channel with downwardly directed inlets for flushing water into the bowl.

The construction according to the present invention, combining no rim, asymmetrical supply of wash water into the bowl, and a symmetrical bowl, is not only novel, but also not obvious in the light of the current state of the art. In particular, it cannot be obtained with a combination of the solutions described in GB 2431937 A and EP 2604761 B1 mentioned above.

A flush toilet with a rimless bowl, with a flushing water supply at the top rear of the bowl, including an inlet tube ending in an inlet and a channel behind it ending in an outlet in which the siphon outlet is located at the bottom of the bowl. In this case, the toilet bowl has a first central plane A-A, which in the assembled state of the toilet bowl is parallel to the mounting wall and mentally divides the toilet bowl through the center of the outlet into the front and rear parts. The rear part is adjacent to the mounting wall, and perpendicular to it is the second central plane C-C, mentally dividing the toilet bowl through the center of the outlet into the right and left parts. In this case, the bowl has an upper edge, which is a fragment of the upper inner surface of the bowl, located directly below the elliptical lid, formed in the form of a flat ring with vertically arranged walls, on the upper edge of which there is a lid. The outlet is displaced within this ellipse towards the back of the toilet bowl, and at the same time, the mouth of the outlet of the channel is located asymmetrically with respect to the second central plane C-C to the right or left of the bowl in its upper part in such a way that flush water enters the bowl, falling first of all on the back part of the upper edge in the horizontal direction and tangential to the inner surface of the bowl, and then performs a rotational movement inside the bowl. According to the utility model, the inner shape of the bowl, except for the position of the mouth of the outlet, has a symmetrical shape with respect to the second central plane C-C; the bowl on its inner side, at the height of the mouth of the outlet and slightly below the upper edge, has an upper threshold formed in the form of a bulge passing horizontally along the entire inner surface of the bowl, and in the back region of the bowl it is slightly less protruding than in its other regions.

The advantage is that the height of the top threshold measured vertically is 4 mm and the width of the top threshold measured horizontally is 9 mm. In this case, the radius of curvature of the upper threshold in the plane perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl is 14 mm, and the radius of curvature of the arc between the upper edge and the beginning of the upper threshold in the aforementioned plane is 20 mm.

The advantage is that the first section of the channel behind the inlet is directed towards the right or left side of the toilet and is slightly curved in accordance with the shape of the upper edge. In addition, it has a bend of about 180°, as a result of which the outlet mouth is located on the right or left of the bowl, but directed in the opposite direction than the said first section of the channel, and therefore, respectively, to the left or right side.

The advantage is that below the upper threshold and above the level of water present in the operating state of the toilet, the bowl has a lower threshold in the form of a bulge running along the inner surface of the bowl, and in the back region of the bowl it is slightly less protruding than in other areas of it.

The advantage is that the lower threshold has a radius of curvature in a plane perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl, ranging from 32 to 66 mm.

The advantage is that the lower threshold is less than half the distance from the upper threshold to the water level, preferably 2/3 of the distance from the upper threshold to the water level.

The advantage is that below the lower threshold, the bowl has a truncated cone-shaped section, the diameter of which gradually decreases towards the siphon.

The advantage is that the toilet between the upper and lower thresholds is curved and has the shape of a bowl.

The advantage is that at the bottom of the channel there is a baffle in the form of a bulge or step, passing across the length of the channel, between one wall of the channel and another, preferably in the middle of the channel bend, and even better - on the half of the channel bend, when viewed from the inlet to the mouth release.

The advantage is that the height of the partition is between 4 and 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, and the width of the partition is between 1 and 15 mm, preferably 4 mm.

Advantageously, the cross-sectional area of the wash water inlet is between 15.5 and 16.5 cm ² , preferably 16.04 cm ² .

The advantage is that the cross-sectional area of the channel in the part between the inlet and the bend is from 16 to 17.5 cm ² , preferably 16.81 cm ² .

The advantage is that the channel is flattened in cross section, i.e. it is longer in the vertical direction and more strongly narrowed at the mouth of the outlet.

The advantage is that the channel is rectangular in cross section.

Advantageously, the ratio of the height of the vertically extending outlet mouth to the width of this outlet is between 4.0 and 4.12, preferably 4.06.

The advantage is that the height of the outlet is between 68 and 74 mm, preferably 71 mm, and the width of the outlet is between 17 and 18 mm, preferably 17.5 mm.

The advantage is that the channel has a bend with a radius of curvature from 27 to 40 mm.

The advantage is that the top edge has a height of 66 to 93 mm.

The advantage is that the distance between the first center plane A-A and the very starting point on the bowl plane is 240 mm.

Benefits of the utility model

The present utility model, due to the use of the rotational/vortex movement of water in the bowl, makes it possible to effectively clean the surface of the bowl and, due to the large flow of flushing water, to effectively move water with impurities into the siphon and drain. The design of the toilet bowl, according to the utility model, also makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of flushing water, which is advantageous for economic and environmental reasons. The toilet bowl, according to the utility model, is easy to clean because it has smooth, easy-to-clean inner walls, and because of its uncomplicated construction, it is simple and cheap to manufacture.

Description of schematic drawings

The subject matter of the utility model will now be presented in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1-9 show a toilet according to the utility model with two thresholds, and FIG. 10-17 show the toilet according to the utility model with one threshold, on which:

Fig. 1 shows a toilet bowl (top view) according to the utility model, with the cross-sectional planes marked;

Fig. 2a shows a toilet bowl (top view) according to the utility model without a lid;

Fig. 2b shows an approximate view of a section of a canal with a baffle;

Fig. 3 shows a toilet according to the utility model without a lid in an angled view;

Fig. 4a is a schematic cross section of a toilet in plane A-A;

Fig. 4b the formation of the upper threshold in cross section in the plane A-A;

Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the toilet bowl in plane A-A of FIG. 4a showing structural elements outside this plane;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toilet in plane B-B;

Fig. 7 shows a cross-section of the toilet bowl in plane B-B of FIG. 6 showing structural elements outside this plane;

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross section of a toilet in the C-C plane;

Fig. 9 shows a cross section of the toilet in the C-C plane of FIG. 8 showing structural elements outside this plane;

Fig. 10 shows a toilet bowl (top view) according to the utility model without a lid;

Fig. 11 shows a toilet according to the utility model without a lid in an angled view;

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toilet in plane A-A;

Fig. 13 shows a cross section of the toilet in plane A-A of FIG. 12 showing structural elements outside this plane;

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toilet in plane B-B;

Fig. 15 shows a cross section of the toilet bowl in plane B-B of FIG. 14 showing structural elements outside this plane;

Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toilet in the C-C plane;

Fig. 17 shows a cross section of the toilet in the C-C plane of FIG. 16, with a view of the structural elements outside this plane.

The following numbers are used in the drawings: 1 - bowl, 2 - outlet, 3 - siphon, 4 - drain, 5 - cover, 6 - top edge, 7 - inlet, 8 - inlet tube, 9 - channel, 10 - outlet mouth , 11 - protrusion, 12 - upper threshold, 13 - lower threshold, 14 - partition.

Detailed description of an advantageous version

In the following, the utility model will be illustrated in more detail based on an advantageous embodiment with reference to the schematic drawings.

The schematic drawings show in general a rimless bowl toilet (without a circular rinsing channel with downwardly directed inlets for the flow of rinsing water into the bowl) made of, for example, a ceramic material. Fig. 1-9 show a toilet bowl according to the utility model provided with two water-retaining thresholds, while FIG. 10-17 show the toilet according to the utility model, made with a single water-retaining threshold (the second bulge shown in the drawing is located below, at the level of the water, and therefore, in the understanding of the present utility model, it is not considered to be a water-retaining threshold in the bowl).

Fig. 1 shows a toilet bowl (top view) according to the utility model, with planes marked that intersect this toilet bowl in certain places: the first central plane AA, crossing the toilet bowl horizontally, which, in the assembled state of the toilet bowl, is parallel to the mounting wall (not shown), and passing through the center of the outlet holes 2; a plane BB horizontally crossing the toilet below the plane AA outside the outlet 2; the second central plane CC is perpendicular to the planes AA and BB mentioned above and crosses the toilet vertically, dividing it into two equal parts - right and left. The outlet 2 is located at the bottom of the bowl 1 and leads to a siphon 3 which is known to be connected to the back drain 4 (siphon 3 and back drain 4 are not shown in Fig. 1). In other words, it can be said that the outlet 2 represents the beginning of the siphon 3. The bowl 1 has a lid 5 with an elliptical hole, and the outlet 2 inside this ellipse is shifted back (toward the back drain 4) and centered in the central plane CC, which is known solution in bowls. In this embodiment, the distance between the plane AA and the most starting point on the plane of the bowl 1 (farthest from the installation wall, in other words: the outer edge of the lid 5 at the front of the toilet) is 240 mm. The cross-sectional plane BB is arbitrarily chosen to better visualize the symmetry of the toilet bowl. This plane is located in Fig. 1 in the middle of the distance between the plane AA and the inner edge of the lid 5 at the front of the toilet, at its most protruding part, in which case the distance between the plane AA and the plane BB is 100 mm. This plane, however, can be placed anywhere between plane AA and the inner edge of the lid 5 on the front of the toilet - it is marked only to illustrate that the toilet is symmetrical about plane CC anywhere between plane AA and the inner edge of the lid 5 on the front of the toilet. front of the toilet. In FIG. 2a shows a toilet bowl without a lid 5. The bowl 1 has an upper edge 6 which forms the top of the bowl 1, more precisely, part of the upper inner surface of the bowl 1, located directly under the lid 5 of an elliptical shape, the upper edge 6 of which is closed by the lid 5, and the elliptical hole is slightly larger than the hole in the lid 5. The top edge 6 is shown as a flat ring located at the top of the toilet bowl, with walls generally vertical, and preferably has a height of 66 to 93 mm. The rinsing water inlet 7 is preferably located at the rear of the bowl 1, at the top thereof, preferably at the highest point of the rinsing water flow. The inlet tube 8 leads to an inlet 7 preferably placed parallel to plane CC and perpendicular to the mounting wall of the toilet (not shown). Behind the inlet 7 there is a channel 9 for draining water into the bowl 1, ending with the mouth of the outlet 10. The inlet 7 in this embodiment is round and has a diameter of 15.5 to 16.5 cm ² , preferably 16.04 cm ² . The inlet 7 may also have a different shape, however, regardless of this shape, the inlet 7 may have a cross-sectional area from 16 to 17.5 cm ² , preferably 16.81 cm ² . This relatively large cross-section ensures that an appropriate volume of water is supplied to the channel 9, whereby the kinetic energy of the wash water can be used more efficiently.

In the channel 9, approximately in the middle of its bend, there is a partition 14 in the form of a step or ledge, passing along the bottom of the channel 9 along its entire length, from one of its walls (sides) to the other. The baffle 14 is best seen in FIG. 2b, and in this example its height is between 4 mm and 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, and its width is between 1 mm and 15 mm, preferably 4 mm. The baffle 14 acts as a limiter that shuts off the water supply and separates the flushing water located in the channel 9 so that after flushing the water does not flow out of the channel 9. The channel 9 is formed in such a way that its slope is directed slightly upward from the inlet 7 to the baffle 14, and from the partition 14 to the mouth of the outlet 10, its slope is slightly downward. This shape of the channel 9 allows the inlet 7 to be positioned relatively high, which reduces the unwashed surface inside the bowl 1 and at the same time reduces the time for the outflow of residual water from the channel 9, since only a small amount of water enters the bowl 1, which is located between the partition 14 and outlet outlet 10.

In traditional toilets without such a baffle 14, after rinsing the bowl, some of the water that has entered the channel from the inlet remains in this channel, due to the surface tension of the water and the shape of the channel and, in particular, its slope. Thus, the remaining water flows out of this channel for a long time in a thin stream. In the toilet, according to the utility model, if residual flush water remains in the channel 9, the baffle 14 will cause it to separate, so that some of the water will remain in the channel 9 or flow back to the inlet 7, and the rest, i.e. a small volume behind the baffle 14 on the side of the mouth of the outlet 10 will flow into the bowl 1. As a result, the rinse water after flushing will stop flowing out very quickly, and the problem of water leakage in the form of a thin stream will be eliminated. In addition, such water leakage in traditional toilet bowls causes lime scale to settle in this place - the use of a baffle 14 thus makes the toilet bowl more hygienic and even easier to clean.

In this embodiment, the channel 9 is approximately J-shaped with the tip more upwardly curved and flattened in cross section, especially near the mouth of the outlet of the channel 10, i.e. its height is noticeably greater than its width. The channel 9 is formed in such a way that the first slightly curved (curved according to the line of the upper edge 6) section of the channel 9 is directed towards the right side of the toilet bowl (essentially parallel to the planes A-A and B-B), in addition, it has a bend, i.e. a bend formed in such a way that the channel 9 bends by about 180°, with the result that the outlet mouth of the channel 10 is on the right side of the toilet bowl 1, but is directed in the opposite direction, in this case to the left. The mouth of the outlet 10 channel 9 has a predominantly oblong shape - extends in the vertical direction. The advantage is that the ratio of the height of this mouth of the outlet 10 to the width of the mouth of the outlet 10 is in the range from 4.0 to 4.12, preferably 4.06. More precisely, the height of the mouth of outlet 10 should be between 68 and 74 mm, preferably 71 mm, and its width between 17 and 18 mm, preferably 17.5 mm. The mouth of the outlet 10 is positioned so that the water exiting from it is directed onto the inner surface of the bowl 1, namely the inner surface of its upper edge 6 at the back of the bowl 1, as best seen in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows the toilet according to the utility model from a different angle than FIG. 2a. Thus, the water supply to the bowl 1 is asymmetric and in this case - from the right side of the bowl 1 (relative to the plane C-C). The correct direction of the water jet is facilitated by the presence of a protrusion 11 at the mouth of the outlet 10 of the channel 9. The channel 9 is flattened in cross section, that is, it has a height greater than its width. In this embodiment, it is made rectangular, and the shape of its cross section can be any other, if it properly performs its function. In order to make efficient use of the kinetic energy of the water jet, the channel 9 must not bend too sharply and, in particular, it must not have rectilinear geometries. The radius of curvature of the bend of the channel 9 should preferably be in the range from 27 to 40 mm.

The toilet bowl, according to the utility model, in this embodiment has thresholds - the upper threshold 12 and the lower threshold 13 - passing around the entire perimeter of the bowl 1 (inside it) and allowing you to maintain the flow of water into the bowl 1 in order to provide more turns of the water jet inside the bowl 1 .

In FIG. 4a and fig. 5 the toilet is shown in section along the plane A-A. In FIG. 4a clearly shows the shape of the inner surface of the upper edge 6, as well as the position and shape of the mouth of the outlet 10 of the channel 9. In FIG. 4a and FIG. 5 clearly shows the position and shape of the upper 12 and lower 13 thresholds. These thresholds are in the form of protrusions, while the upper threshold 12 is located at the level of the mouth of the outlet 10 of the channel 9, and the lower threshold 13 is less than half the distance from the upper threshold 12 to the water level, starting from the upper threshold 12, preferably 2/3 of this distances. Relative to the top edge 6 of the bowl 1 and, using absolute values, the bottom threshold 13 is located at a distance of at least 17 cm, preferably 17.3 cm, from the top edge of the bowl, this distance being measured in a straight line (vertically) from the top edge 6 of the bowl to the level at which the lower threshold 13 is located. The presence of two thresholds leads to the fact that between the water level and the lower threshold 13 located below, the bowl has a cylindrical shape, more precisely the shape of a truncated cone, which, as already mentioned, leads to a large velocity component downward movement of the water jet, and therefore faster draining 4.

The water flowing out of the mouth of the outlet 10 has a kinetic energy that depends on the amount of water supplied to flush the bowl 1 and the height at which the cistern supplying water to the toilet is located. The kinetic energy of water is associated with the speed at which water flows out of the mouth of the outlet 10 in accordance with the ratio E _k =(mv ² )/2. There are two forces acting on the outflowing water: the force of gravity and the force associated with the rotational movement of the water. Theoretically, it can be approximately imagined that the water will rather quickly enter the toilet siphon 3 (approx. 40 cm) and will not be able to cover the entire bowl 1 and, therefore, wash out its entire inner surface. In order for the water to wash out the entire bowl 1, an upper threshold 12 (and possibly a lower threshold 13) is needed, which will allow at least one turn of water around the perimeter of the bowl 1.

However, the theoretical considerations described above are not sufficient to accurately determine the optimal position and shape of the upper threshold 12 in the bowl 1. In order for the toilet to perform its function correctly, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate dimensions of this upper threshold 12 (also the lower threshold 13) - they must be within the appropriate limits. The dimensions of this upper threshold 12 are determined by the following factors: if the threshold is too low, water will enter the siphon 3 too quickly (the surface of the toilet bowl will remain unflushed); if the threshold is too high, then bowl 1 will become unsanitary, as dirt will linger on it. The exact, appropriate dimensions of this upper threshold 12 have been determined by the author of this utility model through experimentation.

Approximate suitable dimensions for the upper threshold 12 are shown in FIG. 4b. In this embodiment, the distance of the beginning of the upper threshold 12 from the upper edge 6, which is equal to the height of the upper edge 6, is 66 mm. The dimensions of the upper threshold 12 are as follows: the vertical height of the upper threshold 12 is 4 mm, the width of the upper threshold 12 horizontally is 9 mm, the radius of curvature of the upper threshold 12 in a plane perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl 1 is 14 mm, and the radius of curvature of the arc between the upper edge 6 and the beginning of the upper threshold 12 in the specified plane is 20 mm. The lower threshold 13, in turn, has a radius of curvature in a plane perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl 1, from 32 to 66 mm.

Moreover, as mentioned above, i.e. in order to be able to maintain a balance between appropriate flush dynamics (impulse) and a long enough retention of water in the toilet, resulting in a thorough cleaning of the surface, the upper threshold 12 must be placed in an appropriate location, i.e. at an appropriate height in relation to the mouth of the outlet 10 of the channel 9 - preferably just above the bottom of the mouth of the outlet 10. The advantage is that the upper threshold 12 is 2-5 mm above the mouth of the outlet 10, preferably 3.5 mm above the mouth of the outlet 10 .

In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 shows a toilet bowl in section along plane B-B. In this section, the shape of the bottom of bowl 1 is clearly visible.

On fig. 8 and fig. 9 shows a toilet bowl in a section along the plane C-C. It can be seen here that the siphon 3 is located in the lower part of the bowl 1 and is connected to the rear drain 4. In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 it is clearly seen that the inner surface of the upper edge 6 of the bowl 1 is formed in the form of a flat (not curved) ring, and through the upper threshold 12 passes into the further part of the bowl 1. The upper threshold 12 goes around the bowl 1, and in the back of the bowl 1 it is less protruding . Such a structure makes it possible to appropriately direct the water jet spirally into the bowl 1. In addition, the protrusion 11 also directs the water jet in an appropriate manner. The further part of the toilet, below the upper threshold 12, is curved, that is, has the shape of a bowl, and, in addition, has a lower threshold 13, which also protrudes slightly less in the back of the bowl 1. Below the lower threshold 13, the bowl 1 has a cylindrical segment.

The presence of two thresholds in Fig. 1-9 according to the embodiment is the most preferred design, as it results in a rapid descent of water down the bowl, in comparison with asymmetric bowls and with the bowl shown in Figs. 10-17.

In another embodiment, the bowl 1 may have one threshold instead of two, as shown in FIG. 10-17. All structural elements of the toilet according to the utility model are the same as those already shown in FIG. 1-9, except that the toilet bowl of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 - 17, does not have a lower threshold 13, but only a slight bulge at the opening leading to the siphon 3, near the water level.

A general view of a toilet bowl with one threshold is shown in Fig. 10 (top view) and FIG. 11 (angled view). In this embodiment, the bowl 1 has a threshold 12 located below the upper edge 6, but does not have a lower threshold 13. Thus, below the upper threshold 12, the bowl 1 has a relatively steep slope towards the outlet 2 and the water level, with no other threshold stopping the flow water, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 12 or fig. 13.

In FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 shows a toilet according to the utility model with one threshold in a section in the plane B-B, similarly to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and in Fig. 16 and FIG. 17 this toilet bowl is shown in a section in the plane C-C (similarly in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9).

Of course, one cannot be limited only to the above embodiments. For example, one can imagine that the channel 9, together with the outlet mouth of the channel 10, will be directed in opposite directions than in the figure - in other words, that the design of the toilet bowl will be a mirror image of the structure shown in the drawing.

The rotating jet of water in bowl 1 can continuously cover a relatively large surface area around the water level. In this embodiment, the flow of water is directed from the mouth of the outlet 10 of the channel 9 inward, so it first enters the rear central region of the inside of the bowl 1 (as shown in the figure), where particularly strong contamination is possible.

The toilet bowl, according to the utility model, functions exclusively gravimetrically, that is, exclusively using gravity and the kinetic energy of water. This means that there is no need to use an internal pump to supply water to the toilet and therefore the toilet is relatively cheap to manufacture and also more economical in terms of operating costs.

The rotational motion of the water jet, i.e. the trajectory of the jet, is determined by the tangential direction of the flushing water flow from the inlet 7 and the internal shape of the bowl 1, while the downward movement is due to gravity. The lateral (asymmetric) inlet of the water flow into the bowl and its internal shape mean that the water flow has a relatively high kinetic energy and is fed into the siphon 3 with great force. Therefore, the flushing action is effective both on the inner surface of the bowl 1 and deeper, lower area, directly above the siphon 3.

In the toilet, according to the utility model, you can use a static or dynamic siphon, with a static siphon being more preferable. By dynamic siphon is meant, for example, a solution in which, as a result of an artificial restriction or interruption of the drain, for example by means of a flap valve, the water in the bowl is artificially accumulated in order to then provide a relatively fast drain using the siphon effect. Thus, the dynamic siphon contains moving parts that affect the flow of the drain.

The toilet in question can be implemented using various methods of supplying water for flushing under a certain pressure - for example, without a float valve (pressurized) or, more preferably, it can have a combined system with a float valve, because in this case potential energy can be better used wash water. This refers to the float valve in the mounting wall behind the toilet.

The water in bowl 1, as already mentioned, first falls on the back of the upper edge 6, after which it flows in a rotational motion down the bowl 1 to the outlet 2, while along the way it is supported in the bowl 1 by the upper threshold 12 or by the upper threshold 12 and the lower threshold 13. During this vortex descent in a spiral, the water makes at least one revolution inside the bowl, after which it enters the outlet 2 at the level of the water.

Claims (19)

1. Flush toilet with rimless bowl (1), with flushing water supply at the top rear of the bowl (1), including an inlet tube (8) ending in an inlet (7) and a channel (9) behind it ending in a mouth outlet (10), in which the outlet (2) for the siphon (3) is located in the lower part of the bowl (1), while the toilet has a first central plane (A-A), which in the assembled state of the toilet is parallel to the mounting wall and mentally divides the toilet through the center of the outlet (2) into the front and rear parts, with the rear part adjacent to the mounting wall and the second central plane (C-C) perpendicular to it, mentally dividing the toilet bowl through the center of the outlet (2) into the right and left parts, while the bowl ( 1) has an upper edge (6), which is a fragment of the upper inner surface of the bowl (1) and is located directly below the lid (5) of an elliptical shape, formed in the form of a flat ring with walls located vertically. axially, on the upper edge (6) of which there is a cover (5), while the outlet (2) is displaced within this ellipse to the rear of the toilet bowl, and the mouth of the outlet (10) of the channel (9) is located asymmetrically with respect to the second central plane (C-C), to the right or left of the bowl (1) in its upper part in such a way as to allow flushing water to enter the bowl (1), fall first on the back of the upper edge (6) in a horizontal direction and tangentially to the inner surface of the bowl (1), and then performing a rotational movement of water inside the bowl (1), characterized in that the internal shape of the bowl (1), with the exception of the position of the mouth of the outlet (10), has a symmetrical shape with respect to the second central plane (C-C) ; the bowl (1) on its inner side, at the height of the mouth of the outlet (10) and slightly below the upper edge (6), has an upper threshold (12), formed in the form of a bulge, passing horizontally along the entire inner surface of the bowl (1), and in the posterior region of the bowl (1) is slightly less protruding than in its other regions. 2. The toilet according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the upper threshold (12), measured vertically, is 4 mm, the width of the upper threshold, measured horizontally, is 9 mm, while the radius of curvature of the upper threshold (12) in the plane , perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl (1), is 14 mm, and the radius of curvature of the arc between the upper edge (6) and the beginning of the upper threshold (12) in the aforementioned plane is 20 mm. 3. The toilet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first section of the channel (9) behind the inlet (7) is directed to the right or left side of the toilet and is slightly curved in accordance with the shape of the upper edge (6), in addition, has a bend of about 180 ^o , as a result of which the mouth of the outlet (10) is located on the right or left of the bowl (1), but is directed in the opposite direction than the said first section of the channel (9), and therefore, respectively, to the left or right side. 4. The toilet according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that below the upper threshold (12) and above the water level present in the working state of the toilet, the bowl (1) has a lower threshold (13) in the form of a bulge passing along the inner the surface of the bowl (1), and in the rear region of the bowl (1) it is slightly less protruding than in its other regions. 5. The toilet according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower threshold (13) has a radius of curvature in a plane perpendicular to the inner surface of the bowl (1), ranging from 32 to 66 mm. 6. Toilet according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the lower threshold (13) is less than half the distance from the upper threshold (12) to the water level, preferably 2/3 of the distance from the upper threshold (12) to the water level. 7. The toilet according to claims 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that below the lower threshold (13) the bowl (1) has a truncated cone-shaped section, the diameter of which gradually decreases towards the siphon (3). 8. Toilet according to any one of paragraphs. 4-7, characterized in that the toilet between the upper (12) and lower (13) thresholds is curved and has the shape of a bowl. 9. The toilet bowl according to any of the previous paragraphs, characterized in that at the bottom of the channel (9) there is a partition (14) in the form of a bulge or step, passing across the length of the channel (9), between one wall of the channel and another, preferably in the middle bend of the channel (9), and even better - on the half of the bend of the channel (9), when viewed from the inlet (7) to the mouth of the outlet (10). 10. The toilet according to claim 9, characterized in that the height of the partition (14) is from 4 to 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, and the width of the partition (14) is from 1 to 15 mm, preferably 4 mm. 11. A toilet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the inlet (7) for flushing water is between 15.5 and 16.5 cm ² , preferably 16.04 cm ² . 12. A toilet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the channel (9) in the part between the inlet (7) and the bend is from 16 to 17.5 cm ² , preferably 16.81 cm ² . 13. A toilet bowl according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (9) is flattened in section, i.e. longer in the vertical direction and more narrowed at the mouth of the outlet (10). 14. Toilet according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the channel (9) is rectangular in cross section. 15. The toilet bowl according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the ratio of the height of the vertically extending mouth of the outlet (10) to the width of this mouth (10) is from 4.0 to 4.12, preferably 4.06. 16. The toilet according to claim 15, characterized in that the height of the mouth of the outlet (10) is from 68 to 74 mm, preferably 71 mm, and the width of the mouth of the outlet (10) is from 17 to 18 mm, preferably 17.5 mm. 17. A toilet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (9) has a bend with a radius of curvature between 27 and 40 mm. 18. A toilet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top edge (6) has a height of 66 to 93 mm. 19. A toilet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the first center plane (A-A) and the most starting point on the surface of the bowl (1) is 240 mm.

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