RU2166465C1 - Devices for convection and separation of two compartments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; designing rocket and space complexes and other units having detachable components such as compartments. SUBSTANCE: proposed device has coupling brackets made in form of stepped flat pylons located on compartments to be connected; they are engageable over end face and bearing strakes (steps). Pylon pairs are available in the amount of at least three pairs. Main component of coupling and separating unit is load-bearing rod whose threaded end is secured in port of pylon by means of nut. Other end of this rod is provided with circular bore and is held-in pylon of other compartment by means of retainers (for example, balls or slides). Retainers are embraced by locking sleeve inside which piston is arranged; this piston is engageable with end face of load-bearing rod. Motion of sleeve is limited by adjustable stop located in length of stroke sufficient for release of retainers. Pyro energy sensor is fitted in bottom of sleeve. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency under conditions of excessive axial and lateral loads exerted on compartments. 1 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the development of rocket and space systems and other devices with shared parts (compartments). The tasks of the communication device and department (USO) include:
- reliable connection of the compartments under the conditions of the complex of loads acting during operation;
- disconnection of communication by command from the control system;
- creation of pushing effort;
- ensuring regulated breeding of compartments.

The USO is known, which is included in the docking unit of the Soyuz spacecraft (Figs. 12.4 and 12.5 of A. Eliseev’s book "Space Flight Technique". M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982). This device contains:
- docking frames of compartments;
- locks connecting these frames;
- spring pushers;
- guide pins with mating guide sockets.

 Each lock consists of active and passive hooks, one of which is fixed on one frame, and the other on the other. When docking compartments, active hooks, under the action of a special drive, mesh with passive ones and provide tightening of frames. The guide pins together with the guide sockets located on the opposite frame provide the necessary accuracy of combining the electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic connectors located on the joined frames.

 The separation of the compartments is carried out by disengaging the active hooks from the passive hooks, after which the spring pushers push the compartments apart and create the initial axial relative motion speed, and the lateral displacement of the frames relative to each other at this time is blocked by guide pins in contact with the guide sockets. For highly loaded (during operation and separation) connections, such a USO is unsuitable, especially for compartments of various diameters. Indeed, the lateral loads acting in the joint during operation are mainly perceived by friction forces, and when separated, only by weak guide pins, and the axial load is transmitted through hook hooks, which are not an optimal structural element for large tensile loads.

 The technical task of the alleged invention is the creation of the OSS design, operable under high operational loads.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device containing docking compartments of the compartments connecting these frames, locks, spring pushers and guiding devices of the “pin-socket” type, the connecting frames are made in the form of flat plate pylons in a stepped form (pylons of compartments contact each other in radial direction with support belts); on the pylons there are docking and separation units, the main part of which is a power rod, one (threaded) part of which is fixed in the pylon window of one of the compartments, and the second part, which has an annular groove, is held in the pylon of the second compartment by clamps, for example, balls or crackers, located in an annular groove and covered by a locking glass; in the cavity of the glass there is a piston in contact with the ends of the power rod, and a pyroenergy sensor is installed in the bottom of the glass from the outside.

 The drawing shows the inventive device: the power rod 1 at one end has an annular groove with a bevel, in which there are latches (crackers) 2 having a reciprocal bevel. the latches are covered by a locking cup 4. A piston 3 is installed in the cavity between the bottom of the glass 4 and the end of the power rod 1. The other end of the power rod 1 (threaded) is passed through an opening in the pylon 6 and connected to the power nut 5 located in the window of the pylon 6. In the middle part of the power rod has an adjustable threaded support element 10, and in the pylon 7 there is a threaded thrust nut 9, limiting the axial movement of the locking cup 4.

 Pylons 6 and 7 are made in a stepped form, so that when they are pulled together, they come into contact at the ends and support shelves (steps).

 OSS works as follows.

 The power rod 1 with the clips 2 mounted on it, the piston 3 and the retaining cup 4, with the help of the nut 5, pulls together the pylons of the compartments 6 and 7. In this case, tensile axial loads are perceived by the power rod 1, compressive axial loads are perceived by the ends of the support pylons, and lateral loads are perceived by the guide support belts of these pylons. At the command of the control system, a pyroenergy sensor 8 is triggered, powder gases fill the cavity between the ends of the cup 4 and the piston 3. The pressure arising in this cavity moves the lock cup all the way into the nut 9, releasing the latches 2, which are removed from it by the bevels of the groove on the power rod 1 . In this case, the piston through the end of the power rod transmits the force from the pressure in the sub-piston cavity through the supporting element 10 to the pylon 6 of the first compartment, i.e., it pushes the compartments apart. The relative movement of the pylons of the compartments at the first stage of the separation process (until the guiding belts of the pylons come out of contact) occurs strictly along the axis. The length of the guide (support) belts of the pylons should be more than the path required to get out of engagement of the pins of electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic connectors.

 Thus, in comparison with the prototype (USO docking unit of the spacecraft "Soyuz"), the proposed device allows to ensure its performance under high axial and lateral loads.

Claims (1)

 A communication device and separation of two compartments, containing docking frames connected by locks, pushers and guides coaxially breeding compartments, characterized in that the docking frames are made in the form of flat, aligned with the compartments of the compartments, step pylons; each lock is a power rod, one threaded one, the end of which is fixed in the pylon of one of the compartments, and the other end, having an annular groove, is held in the pylon of the second compartment by clamps, for example balls or crackers, located in the annular groove and covered by the locking cup, in the cavity of which is located a piston in contact with the end of the power rod, and the cavity between the glass and the piston is connected to a pyroenergy sensor located at the bottom of the glass, and the glass has an axial limiter communications.