RU216334U1 - JET APPARATUS FOR DEVICE FOR EXTRACTION OF SOLVENT RESIDUES FROM SLUDGE LIQUID FORMED WHEN DURING DRY CLEANING OF CLOTHES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to equipment for consumer services, in particular to devices for distillation units of dry cleaning machines, where waste is generated in the form of a sludge liquid, which is an equilibrium mixture of a solvent and concentrated physical and chemical contaminants. The technical result, which the utility model is aimed at, is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the device by improving the design of the two-phase jet apparatus and the associated process flow diagram. The technical result is achieved by a device for extracting solvent residues from liquid sludge formed during dry cleaning of products, containing a distiller, a waste container, a condenser and a jet apparatus having a flow path consisting of a hydraulically connected diffuser, a mixing chamber and a receiving chamber, as well as an expanding working nozzle connected at the inlet by a working medium line through a valve with a source of working medium and an outlet expanding channel with a mixing chamber, while the distiller in the upper part is hydraulically connected by a discharge line to the condenser inlet channel, through a valve with a diffuser outlet channel, and also through a pressure equalization valve with the inlet channel of the waste container, and the diffuser is also hydraulically connected by a discharge line through the valve with the inlet channel of the waste container, while in the lower part the distiller is hydraulically connected by a suction line through the valve with the inlet channel of the receiving chamber, which is characterized by The mixing chamber is made in the form of a confuser-cylindrical mixing chamber, and a small-sized heat exchanger is made on the suction line, to which a working medium line is connected tangentially, while the upper part of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet channel of the receiving chamber, and the lower part is connected through a valve with suction line. 1 z.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to equipment for public services, in particular, to devices for distillation plants of dry cleaning machines, where waste is generated in the form of a sludge liquid, which is an equilibrium mixture of a solvent and concentrated physical and chemical contaminants (dust, lint, fatty acids, oils). etc.), which are washed out of clothes during dry cleaning.

A known device is described in the author's certificate of the USSR No. 878840, IPC D06F 43/08, publ. 11/07/1981 This device contains a distiller connected by pipelines with a waste container, a heat exchanger and a source of water vapor and a pump. However, this known device does not provide high-quality extraction of the solvent from the waste and has a complex design.

As the closest analogue of the claimed device, a device for extracting a solvent from liquid sludge formed during the dry cleaning of products, known from the RF patent for utility model No. 45401, IPC D06F 43/08, publ. 05/10/2005 The device contains a distiller, a waste container, a heat exchanger and a jet apparatus, the latter having a flow part consisting of a hydraulically connected diffuser, a cylindrical mixing chamber and a receiving chamber, as well as an expanding working nozzle connected at the inlet by a working medium line through valve with a source of working medium (steam generator) and an outlet expanding channel with a mixing chamber, while the distiller in the upper part is hydraulically connected by a discharge line to the inlet channel of the heat exchanger, through a valve with the outlet channel of the diffuser, and also through a pressure equalization valve with the inlet channel of the container for waste, which is also hydraulically connected by a discharge line through a valve with the inlet of the waste container, while in the lower part of the distiller is hydraulically connected by a suction line through the valve with the inlet of the receiving chamber.

In the prototype device, the extraction of solvent residues - perchlorethylene (PCE) from the sludge liquid is carried out using a two-phase jet apparatus, which made it possible to reduce, in comparison with the technical solution described in the USSR copyright certificate No. 878840, the residual content of the solvent in the toxic waste of dry cleaning enterprises, to simplify the design and increase efficiency.

However, such a device is energy-consuming and has the following technical and operational characteristics:

steam consumption per cycle of additional evaporation - 5 kg / cycle;

working steam pressure - 0.6 MPa;

required power of the steam generator - 7.7 kW;

the cycle time of additional evaporation - 30 min;

maximum output of contact water - 5 l / cycle;

residual content of PCE in the sludge liquid - 5%;

pressure in the discharge line of the device - 100 kPa;

pressure in the suction line of the device - 70 kPa;

injection coefficient - 2.

The utility model is based on the task of creating an improved design of a device for extracting solvent residues from liquid sludge, eliminating the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result, which the utility model is aimed at, is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the device by improving the design of the two-phase jet apparatus and the associated process flow diagram.

The specified technical result is achieved by a jet apparatus for a device for extracting solvent residues from the sludge liquid formed during the dry cleaning of clothes, having a flow path consisting of a hydraulically connected diffuser, a mixing chamber and a receiving chamber, as well as an expanding working nozzle connected at the inlet with a working medium line through a valve with a source of working medium and an outlet expanding channel with a mixing chamber, while the mixing chamber is made in the form of a confuser-cylindrical mixing chamber, and a small-sized heat exchanger is made on the suction line, to which a working medium line is tangentially connected, while the upper part of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet channel of the receiving chamber, and the lower part is connected to the suction line through the valve.

Execution in the jet apparatus of a confuser-cylindrical chamber, as well as, on the suction line, a small-sized heat exchanger for heating the slurry liquid, to which a line of the working medium is tangentially connected in such a way that the upper part of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet channel of the receiving chamber, and the lower part through the valve connected to the suction line, - ensures the achievement of the following technical and operational characteristics of the proposed device:

steam consumption per cycle of additional evaporation - 2.5 kg / cycle;

working steam pressure - 0.5 MPa;

required power of the steam generator - 5.5 kW;

- additional evaporation cycle time - 20 min;

maximum output of contact water - 2.5 l / cycle;

residual content of PCE in the sludge liquid - 1-2%;

pressure in the discharge line of the device - 100 kPa;

pressure in the suction line of the device - 40 kPa;

injection coefficient - 3,

which, in comparison with the prototype, together provided:

reduction of steam consumption by 2.5 kg/cycle;

reduction of working steam pressure by 0.1 MPa;

reduction of the required power of the steam generator by 2.2 kW;

reduction of cycle time by 10 minutes;

decrease in the output of contact water by 2.5 l / cycle;

reducing the solvent content in the sludge to 1-2%;

Possibility of pumping high density sludge.

At the same time, in the preferred design of the jet apparatus, the ratio of the mixing chamber diameter to the diameter of the working nozzle is 3.53, the ratio of the mixing chamber diameter to the length of the mixing chamber is 0.12, the ratio of the length of the cylindrical part of the mixing chamber to the length of the mixing chamber is 0.6, the ratio the length of the mixing chamber to the length of the diffuser is 0.5, the ratio of the diameter of the mixing chamber to the length of the diffuser is 0.06, the diffuser opening angle is 6.4°, the opening angle of the working nozzle is 8.6° and the convergence angle of the confuser is 8°. It has been established experimentally that the indicated ratios of the geometric parameters of the inkjet apparatus make it possible to achieve optimal technical and operational characteristics of the claimed device.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of the device, and figure 2 - inkjet apparatus.

A device for extracting solvent residues from the sludge liquid formed during the dry cleaning of clothes contains a distiller 8 (Fig. 1), a waste container 7, a condenser 9, a jet apparatus 1. The jet apparatus 1 consists of a hydraulically connected diffuser 17 (Fig. 2) , the mixing chamber 15 (Fig. 2), which is a confuser-cylindrical chamber, the receiving chamber 14 (Fig. 2) and the expanding working nozzle 13 (Fig. 2).

The suction line of the two-phase jet apparatus 1 (Fig. 1) with a small-sized heat exchanger 10 built into it is connected by means of valve 5 to the lower part of the distiller 8, where liquid sludge accumulates, and the discharge line is connected to its upper part (steam space) through valve 3 and with container 7 for collecting waste - through valve 11. Valve 6 serves to equalize the pressure in the distiller 8 and container 7 when unloading the sludge. The heat exchanger 10 heats up and, as a result, the density of the slurry liquid decreases, which favors its better interaction with the jet of water vapor escaping from the nozzle 13 (Fig. 2). To separate moisture droplets, water vapor is fed to the heat exchanger tangentially. Steam enters the nozzle 13 from the upper part of the heat exchanger, and condensate is periodically removed from the lower part through the valve 4 into the suction line.

The jet apparatus 1 and the small-sized heat exchanger 10 have no wearing parts and are not subject to clogging. In the jet apparatus, the potential energy of water vapor pressure is converted into kinetic energy necessary for the constant circulation of the slurry liquid, and the water vapor itself, as one of the states of water, is converted to obtain an azeotropic mixture, the boiling point of which is lower than the boiling point of water and solvent. The process of converting water vapor into water occurs in the flow part of the jet apparatus and is accompanied by intense mechanical and thermal interaction of all participating components, which ensures the most complete separation of low- and high-boiling components of the initial mixture. The successful combination of the physical and thermodynamic properties of water and steam leads to the maximum possible extraction of the solvent from the sludge liquid, even if it contains a large amount of oils and fats, and the low percentage of solvent remaining in the sludge automatically converts toxic sludge waste of the 2nd hazard class ( hazardous) to the 4th class (low hazardous), which makes the dry cleaning machine environmentally friendly.

A low solvent content (1-2%) in the treated sludge is achieved, as in rectification, by repeated evaporation and condensation of the initial mixture, with a minimum consumption of water vapor, which simultaneously does work, being the driving force of the process, and a substance to obtain an azeotropic mixture.

The use of a jet apparatus contributes to the return of expensive solvent back into the working cycle of the machine.

The device works as follows.

When valve 2 is opened (Fig. 1), water vapor with a pressure of 0.5 MPa enters tangentially into a small-sized heat exchanger 10, and freed from moisture drops there, through fitting 12 (Fig. 2) - into an expanding nozzle 13, from where at high speed is sent to the combined confuser-cylindrical mixing chamber 15. At the same time, a vacuum occurs in the receiving chamber 14, as a result of which liquid sludge is sucked in through the suction line through the heat exchanger 10 and the open valve 5 (Fig. 1) from the distiller 8, additionally heated. In the mixing chamber 15 (Fig. 2), due to the low density and high temperature of the slurry liquid, intense heat and mass transfer occurs between water vapor and liquid slurry. Further, the azeotropic mixture formed there, in the form of a finely dispersed vapor-liquid emulsion, enters the diffuser 17, where its speed decreases, but the pressure necessary to overcome the resistance to its movement along the discharge line through the valve 3 (Fig. 1) to the upper part of the distiller increases. 8. Once inside the distiller, the vapor component of the azeotropic mixture is immediately sent to the annular space of the condenser 9, where it condenses and flows in the form of a liquid into the water separator for further separation, and the liquid component, with impurities and solvent still remaining in it, again enters the heat transfer surface of the distiller 8, where the still remaining low-boiling component (solvent) evaporates, and the high-boiling component, in the form of various kinds of pollution, joins the constantly circulating liquid sludge. The end of the process is indicated by an increased level of solvent in a clean tank.

Valve 4 (Fig. 1) serves to pre-purge the steam line from the condensate accumulated there and to periodically remove it from the heat exchanger 10 during operation. In this case, the condensate enters the suction line, further diluting the sludge liquid.

The needle rod 16 (Fig. 2) with the handwheel 18 are designed to cover the nozzle hole 13, as well as for its preventive cleaning.

Sludge discharge is considered the final stage of its processing. It can be performed both manually and automatically. The unloading procedure is as follows: when valve 2 is open (Fig. 1), valve 3 closes, and valves 5, 6 and 11 open.

In this case, the contents of the distiller 8 is pumped through the valve 5 and 11 into the collection container 7, and the line with the valve 6 serves to equalize the pressures in the tanks 7 and 8. After a set time, the unloading is stopped by closing all the valves.

In a cold state, the contents of container 7 are reloaded into a special container for waste, which is taken out by the relevant organizations for processing and disposal.

Claims (2)

1. A jet apparatus for a device for extracting solvent residues from a sludge liquid formed during the dry cleaning of clothes, having a flow path consisting of a hydraulically connected diffuser, a mixing chamber and a receiving chamber, as well as an expanding working nozzle connected at the inlet by a line of the working medium through a valve with a source of working medium and an outlet expanding channel with a mixing chamber, characterized in that the mixing chamber is made in the form of a confuser-cylindrical mixing chamber, and a small-sized heat exchanger is made on the suction line, to which a working medium line is tangentially connected, while the upper part of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet channel of the receiving chamber, and the lower part is connected to the suction line through the valve. 2. The jet apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mixing chamber diameter to the diameter of the working nozzle is 3.53, the ratio of the mixing chamber diameter to the length of the mixing chamber is 0.12, the ratio of the length of the cylindrical part of the mixing chamber to the length of the mixing chamber is 0.6, mixing chamber length to diffuser length ratio is 0.5, mixing chamber diameter to diffuser length ratio is 0.06, diffuser opening angle is 6.4°, working nozzle opening angle is 8.6° and confuser convergence angle is 8°.

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