RU2160621C1 - Sportsman exercising method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports. SUBSTANCE: method involves determining striking force, puck or ball flying speed, sportsman's response time, striking force pulse; registering produced data in computer; processing these data and displaying on monitor screen; determining striking force energy. Striking force is determined as total sum of striking force values generated by striking force sensors positioned in target for 20-30 sec in the form of at least four signal realizations. Striking force precision is determined as coordinates of points of delivering strikes at target. Dependence of total sum of striking forces acting upon target on time is used for determining striking force pulse, and dependence of speed of approaching puck or ball on time are displayed on monitor screen. EFFECT: increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to sports, in particular to a method for training forwards (field players) and goalkeepers in hockey and soccer.

 There is a method of evaluating the coordination and movement of an athlete's hand (see USSR, a.s. 1294360, A 63 B 69/00, 71/06, 04/22/85 g). This method relates to medicine.

 A known method of training an athlete and a device for its implementation (see Ru, p. 2126285, A 63 B 21/06, 24/00, c. 26.03.97). However, this method relates to techniques for training weightlifters.

 Known methods for measuring and recording the kinematic parameters of the movement of a football player and ball, hockey player and puck (see VV Ivanov "Integrated control in the training of athletes", Moscow, "Physical education and sport", 1987, S. 191, 196, 100 , 126. In the known methods, biomedical and biomechanical parameters are measured, recorded and analyzed, dynamic impact parameters such as the force of impact on the ball or puck, the speed of the ball or puck are measured and recorded, and the athlete’s complex reaction time is measured.

 In sports, the motor test can be repeated under the same conditions once or twice, then fatigue, performance, motivation and other factors begin to influence the athlete’s performance. Therefore, the test should have predictive informativeness, that is, based on the test results, it would be possible to conclude about the possible future performance of the athlete. Known tests do not have sufficient predictive informativeness.

 Impact parameters such as impulse of impact force and impact energy make it possible to evaluate an athlete’s performance and fitness.

 Athlete preparedness is a complex concept, the generalizing characteristic of which is the results of training and competition.

 The results are expressed in quantitative and qualitative assessments, speed-strength, technical, tactical and psychological preparedness.

 The speed-strength, technical, tactical and psychological preparedness of an athlete is expressed in quantitative estimates: impact force, ball or puck flight speed, athlete reaction time, hit accuracy, impact energy, impulse of impact force.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the training efficiency of attackers (field players) and the goalkeeper in football and hockey by determining not only such characteristics of the blow as the impact force, the speed of the ball or puck, the reaction time of the athlete, but also such characteristics as the impulse of the impact force and impact energy.

 The technical result in the method of training an athlete in hockey or soccer, in which they determine the impact force, the speed of the puck or ball, the reaction time of the athlete, the impulse of the impact force, enter the received data into a computer, process the data and present it on a computer monitor screen, is achieved by of what determines the impact energy, the impact force is defined as the sum of the impact forces coming from the force sensors installed in the target for 20-30 ms in the form of at least four signal implementations, the accuracy of the impact is determined as the coordinate the point of striking the target and additionally on the computer screen represent the dependence of the sum of the impact forces acting on the target from the time, which determines the impulse of the impact force, and the dependence of the speed of approach of the puck or ball on time, on the athlete’s fitness taking into account simultaneous adjustment of the training .

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a target with installed force sensors, allowing to implement the proposed method; in FIG. 2 - schematically shows the installation of targets in the gate when implementing this method; in FIG. 3 - is a drawing explaining the algorithm for determining the coordinates of the point of impact (accuracy of impact).

The target contains force sensors P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ located in the corners of the target, and a projectile velocity detector (not shown). The force sensors P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P _{4 are} made on the basis of strain gauges.

 The method is as follows. At the gate, targets are set. When training the attacker, the latter receives the ball or puck and, after the sound and light signal, makes a throw or a series of shots on goal. Targets at the gate are connected to a personal computer (personal electronic computer, not shown). PC based on the signals from the target sensors determines the parameters of the impact and the accuracy of striking.

After hitting the target with a puck or ball, the signals from four sensors (P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ ) force enter the PC. A personal computer determines the total impact force as the maximum value of the sum of forces from force sensors:
PΣ = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P ₄ ,
where PΣ is the total impact force;
P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ - readings of force sensors.

 At the same time, in the interval of 20-30 ms, at least four realizations of signals from force sensors come to the PC.

где I - импульс силы;
PΣ - суммарная сила удара,
T - время действия силы.The dependence of the total impact force on time determines the momentum of the force according to the following expression:

where I is the momentum of the force;
PΣ is the total impact force,
T is the duration of the force.

The body mass involved in the shock is determined according to the following relationship:
I = m • V,
where I is the momentum of the force,
m is the mass involved in the impact,
V is the velocity of the projectile (puck or ball).

Impact energy is determined according to the following expression:
E = (m • V ² ) / 2,
where E is the kinetic energy of the impact,
m is the mass involved in the impact,
V is the velocity of the projectile (puck or ball).

The coordinates of the point of impact are determined according to the following expressions (see figure 3):
y = (P ₂ + P ₃ ) / (P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P ₄ ) • L _y ;
x = (P ₃ + P ₄ ) / (P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P ₄ ) • L _x ;
where P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ - readings of sensors of the target force,
L _x is the distance between the sensors P ₁ and P _{4 of the} target,
L _y is the distance between the sensors P ₁ and P _{2 of the} target,
A is the point of impact,
x, y - coordinates of the point of impact.

On the monitor screen in a simple and clear form displays all the results of measurements and calculations made by the PC, as well as the dependencies:
- the sum of the forces acting on the target, versus time;
- the speed of approach of the puck or ball with the target from time to time.

 The received data is stored in a PC, which makes it possible to carry out the adjustment of the training process not only in real time, but also to store and replenish the database using the obtained data as specified parameters. The data entered in the PC allow you to draw up a training plan individually for each athlete. The training program is based on an analysis of the athlete's level of preparedness.

 Thus, during the training of the attackers, the following is recorded: accuracy (which of the targets hit the puck or ball), impact force, impulse of strength, reaction time of the athlete, impact energy, number of shots, performance (estimated by the total energy of the shots). The speed-power, technical, tactical and psychological preparedness of the attacker is evaluated. During the training of the goalkeeper, it is determined at which points of the goal the ball or puck is passed by the goalkeeper more often, how during the training the goalkeeper's reliability indicators worsen or improve.

 The proposed method allows you to simultaneously track the training process of the striker and the goalkeeper and analyze and adjust the training process at least two athletes at the same time.

 When using the proposed method, the coach and the athlete have objective parameters that characterize both the course of the training process and its result. The athlete directly observes the actual executed stroke, determines the nature of the error and corrects it. The effectiveness of training increases due to the psycho-emotional impact. Based on the results of the training, we can conclude about the possible future performance of the athlete, that is, the proposed training method has high predictive informativeness.

 The method is implemented in the process of training forwards and goalkeepers in hockey at the Ural State Academy of Physical Culture in Chelyabinsk.

Claims (1)

 A method of training an athlete in hockey or soccer, in which they determine the impact force, the speed of the puck or ball, the reaction time of the athlete, the impulse of the impact force, enter the received data into a computer, process the data and present it on a computer monitor screen, characterized in that they determine the energy impact, impact force is defined as the sum of the impact forces coming from the force sensors installed in the target for 20 - 30 ms in the form of at least four signal implementations, the accuracy of the impact is determined as the coordinates of the point of impact on the target and and further on a computer screen are dependent amount impact forces acting on the target, on the time at which the pulse is determined impact force, and the dependence of the puck or ball closing velocity with time.

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