RU216006U1 - Non-automated small-scale mechanization device for lifting and transport operations - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of lifting and transport operations to solve problems with the removal of spring snow accumulated over the winter by spring from rural household farmsteads, as well as summer work of private households. The proposed design of the device belongs to the category of development of small-scale mechanization of labor in the suburbs, in the countryside and in the countryside, for settlements with a large and complex economy of private farmsteads and estates, heterogeneous in availability, composition, area, layout, content. These are areas of rural territories of the Russian Federation with a mixed agricultural industry - grain, meat and dairy, vegetables, berries, fruits, with a natural household demand. The device was created on the basis of analysis, orientation, information collection, data accumulation, problem setting, calculation, design and engineering work. The possibility and expediency of implementation, entrepreneurship and sale are shown. Development is offered to the rural population also for self-production; as an indicative example of a preliminary theoretical study of the issue, setting a task for methodological materials of specialized trade and technical schools; commercial enterprise of small-scale production of three standard sizes of one type. A non-automated small-scale mechanization device for lifting and transport operations is a design of a single-axle two-wheeled trolley, consists of a mold - a working cargo volume, made of a single 0.3 mm thick galvanized steel roofing sheet in the form of a tray on a rigid frame - a load-bearing power frame, and a handle, made of a steel pipe, balanced by the center of gravity of the product in order to transfer the loaded device from the working position of cutting and selecting the load layer to the horizontal transportation position with further transportation of the load using the wheel system.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of lifting and transport operations to solve problems with the removal of spring snow accumulated over the winter by spring from rural household farmsteads, as well as summer work of private households. The proposed design of the device belongs to the category of development of small-scale mechanization of labor in the suburbs, in the countryside and in the countryside, for settlements with a large and complex economy of private farmsteads and estates, heterogeneous in availability, composition, area, layout, content. These are areas of rural territories of the Russian Federation with a mixed agricultural industry - grain, meat and dairy, vegetables, berries and fruits, with natural household demand. The device was created on the basis of analysis, orientation, information collection, data accumulation, task setting; calculation, design and engineering work. The possibility and expediency of implementation, entrepreneurship and sale are shown. The development is offered to the rural population also for self-production; as an indicative example of a preliminary theoretical study of the issue, setting a task for methodological materials of specialized trade and technical schools; entrepreneurship, technologists of small-scale production of three standard sizes of the same type.

The prototype is a cart-shovel for chores (patent RU 2250171 C2, publ. 2005.04.20 Bogomolov V.A., Bogomolova S.Z.). SUBSTANCE: shovel trolley for household works contains running wheels, a shovel shovel mounted on them with the possibility of movement in a longitudinal vertical plane, a handle pivotally connected to the shovel shovel, a mechanism for fixing the handle. The shovel is seated directly on the axis of the running wheels, in the center of the rear wall of the shovel in the longitudinal-vertical plane there is a link with grooves made in its upper edge for fixing the handle, which is T-shaped with the possibility of moving along the link. It is rigidly connected to the axis of the running wheels, the diameter of which is 1/4-1/5 of the length of the bottom of the shovel. The front part of the shovel is wider than the rear part by three times the width of one running wheel, the locking mechanism is located on a T-shaped handle containing a latch connected from below by means of a spring to the T-shaped handle, and from above by means of a rod - to the handle of the locking mechanism.

This invention is not equipped with vertical side walls at the edges, because of which the product will inevitably "stripe". The design includes resistance angles when cutting snow, but large radii are needed. Balancing of the center of gravity of the product is not shown.

The proposed utility model - a non-automated small-scale mechanization device for hoisting and transport operations provides the following technical result: increased ease of use due to the construction of a more technologically advanced design that provides high performance, and solves the problem of removing spring snow accumulated over the winter by spring from suburban buildings and rural house adjoining household farmsteads, and is also used for summer work of agricultural work.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the non-automated small-scale mechanization device for lifting and transport operations consists of a single-axle two-wheeled system and a handle, and includes a mold - a working cargo volume made of a single galvanized steel roofing sheet in the form of a tray on a rigid frame-bearing power frame , and a handle made of a steel pipe, balanced by the center of gravity of the product in order to transfer the loaded device from the working position of cutting and selecting the load layer to the horizontal transportation position with further transportation of the load using the wheel system.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the accompanying figures, on which

fig. 1 - shows the design of a single-axle snow picker trolley,

fig. 2 - shows the design of the handle of a single-axle snow picker cart,

fig. 3 - the design of the axle of the wheel pair of a single-axle snow picker cart is shown.

In FIG. 1 shows a device, where 1 is a mold made of lightweight sheet duralumin of hard elastic grades D1T, D16 T, 2 is an additional reinforcing steel strip st. plumbing, 1/2" diameter.

The device works as follows.

The proposed design of a single-axle bogie-snow picker is based on the physical principle of mechanical cutting and the properties of the wedge lining - raising the payload to a height. From the general snow cover of the earth, by one person, mechanically cutting a belt layer of snow with its simultaneous undercutting from the ground, limiting along the edges, picking up, lifting up the bed of the cargo tray / mold, loading the payload on oneself. It has some features and elements of the conveyor transfer principle. In one continuous pass on light snow or step by step, crashing into heavy snow, depending on the cutting force required in terms of the structure and condition of the snow on the day of cleaning.

Physically pushing the pick-up forward, a continuous strip of snow layer (700 mm wide, Fig. 1) is cut out from the general snow cover of the yard. The cut layer slides, rises along a flat mold - the channel, smoothly rises up into the cargo mold to the very handle. After that, it is stuffed again as many times as it takes, fits into the working volume of the mold. The given overall dimensions of the mold allow you to load and take out up to 20 and more buckets of snow at a time by volume. When designing a structure, the main focus is on the maximum possible minimum consumption of human forces - labor, time spent, with sufficient efficiency of the mechanism and cleanliness of cleaning, can be paired with an ordinary snow shovel.

The device is designed to select the cover of snow masses of different density, mass, stiffness or plasticity, dry flowability, thickness/volume/mass, complex heterogeneity of the multilayer structure of the snow volume. The coefficients of friction and sliding, physical properties of the varieties of the state of snow according to the structural materials of the pick-up were taken into account. The alignment of the vector forces of the working angle, height and geometry-trajectory of raising the payload was taken into account; the absence in the design of configurations, elements and assemblies of increased resistance to formation movement (sharp corners for a formation fracture, sharp turns of the formation, non-working "dead" angles according to the boundary coefficient of friction). With precise balancing of the stroke of the angular working displacement of the center of gravity on the axial support of the entire structure empty, working and loaded. Taking into account the conditions of atmospheric air temperature and the physical condition of the snow cover on the day of cleaning, cutting the formation.

The frame together with the handle is all-welded, all-block or all-riveted (duralumin). The handle is attached not to a thin flexible mold, but to the frame. It is better to make the handle removable or adjustable telescopic with the simplest fixation with a vertical pin on a chain / strap inserted from top to bottom into through holes through both tubes. It makes sense to make a removable one to reduce the overall dimensions of the product during storage, transportation, and with a possible summer use of the pick-up. Thermally insulate by any means those places of the handle that are taken by hand during work: rubberize, put on handles from a bicycle, trim an old hose, tubular plastic, wrap something around. Rationale - if you squeeze the handle in a frost of 15-25 °, then the fingers will immediately stiffen through any mittens from frozen frosted steel.

In working condition, the front horizontal cutting part of the mold slides along the ground, cutting off and picking up everything above the cutting edge, the front vertical edges of the sidewalls cut off the width of the selected layer - 700 mm.

In FIG. 1 - L1 ≤ L2 - the length of the load arms in the role of a "weight beam" with a central hinged support (sopromat). G1 and G2 - distributed snow load in the front and rear parts of the container (mold) pos.1, which can be considered as two arms of one weight beam, console, with a central hinged support in accordance with the strength of materials and load diagrams. In reality, G1 is larger than G2. Balancing the center of gravity, the CG is carried out by cutting, shortening the size L1, the front part of the pick-up, reducing the G1 value, the more precisely adjusting the CG displacement to the overall weight balance relative to the fulcrum-wheel.

With a full normal snow loading of the pick-up, the weight arm L1 turns out to be heavier than the arm L2 (the front part L1, as a receiving part, is loaded more when the already loaded L2 begins to resist). How much more - is determined in the tolerance by the general balancing of the CG of the product by fitting trimming of length L1.

The exact centering of the center of gravity of a normally loaded cleaner is such relative to the fulcrum of the wheels (sopromat of a loaded weight beam with a central hinged support) that the weight of the axial gravity vector of the CG falls on the wheels, and not on the hands of a person, at least to a noticeable extent (in the average array of numbers hand pulls to strive for pressure tolerance Ehuman ~ ± 0n error). The consumption of forces, human energy goes only to the traction forces of transportation, taking into account wheel bearings - very small, and when unloading, to tip over through the front part with a departure back. Not counting some of the usual power difficulties in the resistance of the movement of loaded chamber wheels on bulk materials - snow, sand, loose earth, resistance to compaction and trampling. But here the pick-up for itself clears loose snow to the hard base of the frozen ground of the yard, on which it rides itself.

The front cutting edge (Fig. 1, node A) is reinforced with a strip of St. 3 steel 3 mm thick, 50 mm wide, ≤ 700 mm long, sharpened / cut in front at an arbitrary angle, wrapped with a steel sheet of the mold and riveted (gets additional mechanical strength) . Rationale - it takes on the largest dynamic and impulse shock stresses, about snow, ice, frozen clods of earth, roots, bricks, pipes, hitting corners, thereby protecting it from jaggedness, creases and bends of the edge in all directions, from metal rupture.

In FIG. 2 shows the design of the handle - the most reliable strength option, close to the structural "triangle" of rigidity. Almost the simplest structural angle of rigidity, the radius is the strength of the loads of the arch of strength (all rectangular ones are folded). A neat radius is done manually. The diameter of the semicircle is the individual width of the shoulders. If possible, use non-steel pipes for the handle - standard plumbing pipes 0.5", 3/4", although they are easily, well and quickly welded by arc welding, but they are heavy and rust. Use lightweight duralumin DT16, in technological hardening and aging, anodized pipe, suitable for mechanical strength.

All the specifics of the sizes on the ground are performed by each personally for themselves with individual performance. Such dimensions in the drawings are marked with an asterisk.

During the design and execution of the device, rely on ergonomics and strive for the minimum possible reduction in the total weight of the product, because steel structure with a width of 700 mm weighs about 30 kg. Structural materials to use light, elastic, durable, relatively cheap - duralumin, plastic, polymer. Assembly fastening and screed of all duralumin parts on screws, bolts, rivets.

Rationale. If it is intended for rural areas, villages, settlements and private farmsteads, then take into account the population who lives there, the “consumer”, and these are all ages, the elderly, single women, single-parent families, adolescents and children with disabilities, poor physical health, but still capable of working with a pick-up, cleaning the yard, access to the street; nowhere to go. It is from here that the proposal to entrepreneurs to produce a pick-up of three standard sizes of the same type, including with the replacement of wheels with a smaller diameter for the smallest standard size. In small-scale industrial production, it is possible to produce a standard range of three sizes of one type of pick-up. Maximum, medium, small. A total trial batch of 500 pieces for the demand of the rural territorial RF. Here you can see a map of the regions of the volume of snow cover in the Russian Federation; the most northern and southern fall away for small-scale mechanization.

The mass of the pick-up as a product tends to a reasonable minimum limit, for which in the design, where it is only possible to lay and use lightweight materials with sufficient mechanical strength; rigid elastic grades of thin sheet and pipe duralumin with thick walls (for do-it-yourselfers - a mold is, in principle, possible from ordinary curved three-layer plywood treated with drying oil from dampness and decay, use a screed with bolts along the profile of the load-bearing load-bearing frame of the pick-up).

The wheels are needed to transfer the loaded pick-up from the working position of cutting and picking up the layer to the horizontal transport position with further cargo transportation. Do not use rigid wheels: plastic, rubberized with molded rubber. In this case, the pickup will be forced, swaying and heeling, to climb the wheel to the top of each bump, frozen clod of earth, ice, brick in order to drive further, and this is an extra cost of human strength. Don't skimp on wheels. Purchase chamber pneumatic, smooth soft running, absorbing protruding irregularities, reducing shaking and bouncing of the pick-up. Used two chamber wheels, construction / country wheelbarrows 3.00 8 (13 * 3) - factory marking of tires.

A prototype was made (Samara region), which showed good technical characteristics in application.

Claims (1)

A non-automated small-scale mechanization device for lifting and transport operations, consisting of a single-axle two-wheeled system and a handle, a mold - a working cargo volume made of a single steel sheet in the form of a tray with a front horizontal cutting part, front vertical edges and a rear part on a rigid frame-bearing power frame, and a handle made of a pipe balanced by the center of gravity of the product.

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