RU2159679C1 - Hulling-polishing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for grain treatment, applicable in grain processing and mixed feed industries, in particular, for hulling of rye, wheat and barley, as well as for hulling and polishing in production of groats. SUBSTANCE: the hulling-polishing machine has a body with loading and outlet connections, sieve cylinder installed in the body in alignment with it, and a hollow shaft with hollows enclosed in it. The shaft carries abrasive wheels, with shells installed between them. The shaft is installed horizontally, a feed screw conveyer is installed on it under the loading connection. The abrasive wheels are secured vertically, air blowers are mounted on the shaft between them. The wheels are located on their outer surface, and represent sets of rings. The sieve cylinder has perforation in the form of slots inclined to the sieve cylinder generating line, the cylinder inner surface is made rough. EFFECT: enhanced reliability, durability and capacity, as well as enhanced quality of treated product. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for processing grain and can be used in the grain processing and animal feed industry, in particular for peeling rye, wheat and barley, as well as grinding and polishing barley, rice, peas in the production of cereals.

 A known peeling and grinding machine for grain, comprising a loading device, a sieve cylinder in which a hollow shaft with abrasive disks is placed, an unloading nozzle for grain with control valves, an unloading nozzle for husks and a fan with a suction nozzle, an annular chamber is mounted in the lower part of the sieve cylinder with a uniform cross section, connected to a fan, in the side wall of which there are slots with shutters and in which an annular slope and two dividers are installed, one of which is placed with the side of the discharge pipe for husks, and the other on the opposite side (A.S. N 534245, IPC: B 02 B 3/02 "Scallop-grinding machine", Ya.M. Zhasmin, E.N. Grinberg, etc. VNI and EKI of food engineering.Z. N 19474400/13 from 07.19.73. Publish. 5.11.76. Bull. N 41).

 The disadvantages of this device are low productivity and insufficient quality of processing due to the uneven air removal of husks and non-intensive mixing of the product, as well as the difficulty in repair and maintenance.

 A known peeling and grinding machine comprising a housing with loading and exhaust pipes, a vertical shaft mounted in the housing with abrasive wheels horizontally mounted thereon, enclosed in a sieve cylinder, rigidly mounted in the housing, guide sectors are mounted motionlessly above the abrasive circles, and arcuate races mounted with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, and an impeller is fixed on the shaft under the lower abrasive wheel (a.s. N 1639738 "Hulling and grinding shaft machine. "I.R.Dudarev, L.I. Grosul et al., Odessa Technological Institute of Food Industry named after M.V. Lomonosov. 3. N 4676247 from 04/11/89. Publish. 07.04.91. Bull. N 13).

 The disadvantages of this device are low productivity and insufficient processing quality due to intensive mixing of the product and uneven removal of husk by air, as well as the difficulty in repair and maintenance.

 Closest to the claimed invention by the number of essential features and technical essence is a peeling and grinding machine A1-3ShN-Z, comprising a housing with loading outlet pipes, a screen cylinder coaxially aligned with it, a hollow shaft enclosed therein with holes fixed to it with abrasive circles, between which shells are installed (A.B.Demsky, Directory "Equipment for the production of flour and cereals", M .: V.O. "Agropromizdat", 1990, p. 148-151).

 The disadvantages of this device are insufficient reliability and durability, low productivity and quality of the processed product, as well as the complexity of the design.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to increase the reliability and durability, increase the productivity of the peeling and grinding machine and the quality of the processed product.

 To achieve this technical result, in a husking-grinding machine comprising a housing with loading and exhaust nozzles, a screen cylinder coaxially mounted with it, a hollow shaft with openings enclosed in it, and abrasive circles fixed to it, shells and a hollow shaft mounted between them mounted horizontally, on it under the loading nozzle there is a feeding screw, abrasive wheels are mounted vertically on the shaft, between them air blowers are mounted on the shaft, shells are located on their n the outer surface and are sets of rings, and the sieve cylinder has perforations in the form of grooves that are inclined to the generatrix of the sieve cylinder, the inner surface of which is made rough.

 The installation of a hollow shaft horizontally leads accordingly to the vertical arrangement of abrasive wheels on it and makes it possible to process grain more intensively and with better quality while increasing the wear resistance of abrasive wheels, that is, to increase the durability and reliability of the entire peeling-grinding machine.

 As a rule, in peeling and grinding machines, the shaft on which all the main parts are mounted is located vertically. In this case, when grain enters from the loading nozzle into the working space between the abrasive wheels, as well as between the abrasive wheels and the sieve cylinder, it tends to fall down under the action of gravity, hitting a limited peripheral surface of the abrasive wheels, i.e. It contacts mainly with the side and part of their upper surfaces, which bear the main workload. Such a mechanism leads to a reduction in the time spent by the grain in the workspace, limited contact with the surface of the abrasive wheels, poor mixing of the product and a decrease in the quality of its processing. As the abrasive wheels wear, the product processing intensity decreases, cracks may appear, the balance is disturbed, and the machine vibrates. All this leads to a decrease in reliability, durability, overall productivity and quality of the product.

 In the present invention, the grain is located more densely in the lower part of the annular space between the abrasive wheels and the sieve cylinder and less densely in its upper part.

 When the shaft is horizontal, the feed auger, rotating, grabs the grain and transports it into the gap between the abrasive wheels and the sieve cylinder from the lower part to the upper part of the gap. In this case, the downward gravity acts against the direction of grain movement in the gap. This creates the condition for slipping grain located in the peeling zone, and therefore increases the time spent by the grain in this zone, the contact area, the intensity of mixing and processing of the product.

 With this design, the abrasive wheels wear off more uniformly during operation without local rapid destruction, since the grain performs both vertical and horizontal movements as it moves along the working area to the discharge pipe and comes in contact with the lateral, as well as upper and lower working surfaces abrasive wheels more evenly. This leads to an increase in reliability and durability of the entire husk grinder.

 The feed screw mounted above the loading nozzle provides a gradual and more uniform feed of grain into the working area for processing.

 The presence of air blowers mounted on the shaft between the abrasive wheels provides active cooling of the processed product and working bodies, as well as intensive processing of grain by air flows, in which it is subjected to intensive long-term friction against the abrasive surface and the inner surface of the sieve cylinder, which is made for better peeling or grinding rough, in this particular case with a point roughness. Blowing, in addition, contributes to a more efficient removal of the crushed shell through the perforation of the sieve cylinder. For intensive waste removal from the working space, this design uses perforations in the form of grooves that are inclined to the generatrix of the sieve cylinder, which is as close as possible to the preferred direction of movement of the peeled shells.

 The location of the shells on the outer surface of the air blowers and their execution in the form of rings makes it possible to control the power of the air flow, make it more concentrated, thereby improving the process of processing the product and removing waste. In addition, the manufacture of air blowers in the form of rings is technologically and structurally simple.

 In FIG. 1 shows a peeling and grinding machine, a general view.

 In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of a sieve cylinder, view A of FIG. 1.

 The husking-grinding machine consists of a housing 1, a loading nozzle 2, an exhaust nozzle 3, a drive 4 installed in the housing 1 coaxially with a screen cylinder 5 with an inner rough surface, a hollow shaft 6 enclosed in it with holes, on which under the loading nozzle 2 a feeding screw 7 is installed and vertically abrasive circles 8 are fixed along the shaft 6, between which air blowers 9 are installed, along the outer surface of which there are shells 10. The screen cylinder 5 has perforations in the form of grooves 11, located data inclined to its generatrix.

 Husk-grinding machine operates as follows.

 The drive 4 through the V-belt drive rotates the shaft 6, the feed screw 7 mounted on it and the abrasive wheels 8. The grain is fed through the feed pipe 2, which is then delivered by the feed screw 7 to the working area of peeling or grinding, mainly falling into the lower part of the annular gap between screen cylinder 5 and abrasive wheels 8 under the action of gravity. The movement of grain occurs in the direction of rotation of the hollow shaft 6, that is, from bottom to top. In the gap, the grain contacts on one side with the rotating surfaces of the abrasive wheels 8, and on the other hand, with a rough perforated surface of the stationary sieve cylinder 5. Thus, peeling or grinding of the grain occurs, depending on the type and grain size of the surface of the abrasive wheels 8. As it passes grain in the working space from one abrasive wheel to another 8 there is multiple slippage of grain, i.e. multiple small drop under the action of gravity directed against the main movement of the grain, thus increasing the time spent by the grain in the annular gap. At the same time, the grain is actively purged with air from air blowers 9 located between the abrasive wheels 8, through the cracks between the rings making up the shells 10, mounted on the surface of the abrasive wheels 8. Due to this process, the processed product is intensively mixed, the particles of the peeled shells are removed more quickly through perforation in the form of grooves 11 of the sieve cylinder 5, made in this case of high-strength steel, from the working gap fall into the pallet, which, as needed It is cleaned with a remote autonomous suction system, such as a fan.

 After going through this entire processing cycle, the grain enters the exhaust pipe 3, from where it is unloaded.

 The proposed peeling-grinding machine with an installed electric power of 22 kW and a rotational speed of abrasive wheels of 1200 rpm has a productivity of about 1500 kg / h and a peeling coefficient (for example, for wheat) of 0.9.

Claims (4)

 1. Shelling and grinding machine, comprising a housing with loading and exhaust nozzles, a screen cylinder coaxially mounted with it, a hollow shaft enclosed therein with holes, abrasive circles fixed thereon, shells between them, characterized in that the hollow shaft mounted horizontally, on it under the loading nozzle there is a feeding screw, abrasive wheels are mounted vertically on the shaft, between them air blowers are mounted on the shaft, and shells are located on their outer surface.  2. Shelving-grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sieve cylinder has perforations in the form of grooves that are inclined to form a sieve cylinder.  3. Shelling and grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the sieve cylinder is made rough.  4. Husk-grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shells are sets of rings.

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