RU2159529C1 - Seed treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves feeding seeds into hopper and intake chamber; supplying compressed air into intake chamber to urge seeds in suspended state into pipeline on air pad and convey seeds under the action of vacuum pump into vertical treatment chamber. While passing on air pad through cloud of finely dispersed emulsion continuously and steadily supplied by nozzles, it is wetted (treated) with preparation solution. Treated seed mass is urged by vacuum pump and compressed air continuously supplied from below into pipeline and further into discharge hopper. Seed mass is delivered from discharge hopper lower part under the action of directed compressed air flow. All mentioned processes are controlled by microprocessor. Method provides 100% treatment of seeds with preparation solution, with consumption of preparation solution being three times less than that required by known methods. Method allows any seed material to be treated at any season, since dose of 3 l/t of seeds of aqueous solution of preparation does not considerably increase seed moisture content. Method is used for treating seeds before laying for storage or sowing of seeds. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and improved quality of seeds. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to seed dressing before storage or sowing.

 The well-known "Dresser grain PZ-10", see the book Klenin N.I. and other agricultural machinery. Elements of the theory of work processes, calculation of adjustment parameters and modes. M .: Kolos, 1970, p. 174-175, fig. 148 (1).

 In this device, the grain is continuously fed from the storage hopper into a rotating dressing chamber, where the grain is mixed and simultaneously sprayed from the nozzles with a solution of the processing agent and also continuously discharged into the discharge hopper.

 Currently, all known existing methods of seed dressing (treatment) are based on thorough mechanical mixing of the grain in various rotating drums, and at the same time, the grain mass, as a rule, is wetted (processed) from the nozzles with an aqueous solution of the drug, while the seeds are covered with a processing solution as a result of mixing and seed interactions with each other.

 The disadvantage of existing methods of seed dressing is that it is necessary to spend a significant amount of the drug per one ton of grain - up to 10 liters. In this case, a significant increase in seed moisture occurs, which does not allow the processing of seeds of spring crops in the autumn-winter period, since the quality of processing is reduced, and the flowability of seeds is reduced. Seeds are processed unevenly and, accordingly, some receive an increased dose of the drug (abundantly soaking), while others receive a low dose.

 The aim of the invention is the "Method of seed dressing" is to create a more advanced and more productive method of seed treatment, excluding mechanical mixing of the seeds during dressing, as well as providing a more uniform and high-quality wetting of the seeds with a processing agent.

 The specified goal is achieved in the following way.

 Seeds are continuously fed into the storage hopper, from which this mass is sent through the gate valve to the intake chamber, where, under the influence of compressed air in the intake chamber, the mass of seeds is brought into a suspended fluidized state and in this state through a pipeline on an air cushion and under the influence of a vacuum pump transported to a vertically mounted pickling chamber. In the etching chamber at a certain height along the inner perimeter there are many nozzles in several tiers, from which a finely dispersed emulsion of an aqueous solution of the processing agent is continuously fed and as a result a continuous cloud is created. The mass of seeds passing through this cloud on an air cushion is continuously and evenly wetted (processed) by a solution of the drug.

 Then, the treated seed mass under the influence of a vacuum pump, as well as a continuous supply of compressed air from below through the pipeline, enters the discharge hopper, and from there under the influence of a directed stream of compressed air it is discharged from the bottom of the discharge hopper through the pipeline. The technological process of seed dressing by the proposed method is carried out continuously, all processes from loading seeds, transporting an air cushion, dressing and unloading from the hopper are controlled by a microprocessor.

 As a close analogue of the proposed method of seed dressing, you can take the seed dressing process carried out on "Grain dresser PZ-10" (1).

 The drawing shows a schematic installation, which implements the proposed method of seed treatment.

 The device on which the proposed method is carried out consists of the following units, assemblies and parts.

 On the frame 1, the storage hopper 2 is fixedly and vertically mounted, divided into two parts by a dispenser 3 with a slide gate 4; the upper part of the storage hopper 2 is the loading chamber, and the lower part is the seed intake chamber 6, and a conduit 8 for supplying compressed air is supplied under the perforated bottom 7 of the chamber 6 through a closed chamber.

 A screen 9 is mounted above the perforated bottom 7 of the intake chamber 6 at a certain height, which is designed to direct the flow of grain into the pipeline 10. The bottom 7 acts as a kind of compressed air diffuser, and a closed chamber with compressed air creates a continuous supply of compressed air to the seed mass in the intake chamber and helps to bring the seeds into a balanced fluidized state and advance under the screen 9 into the pipeline 10.

 The pipeline 10 is connected to the lower part of the vertically mounted seed dressing chamber 11, in which a plurality of nozzles 12 are mounted on the inner wall at a certain height in several tiers, through which a finely divided aqueous solution of the processing agent is continuously supplied.

 The seed dressing chamber 11 in its upper part is connected by a pipe 13 to the upper part of the discharge hopper 14 mounted vertically on the frame 1, in the upper part of which a pipe 15 is mounted for suction of air from the discharge hopper by a vacuum pump and, accordingly, from the seed dressing chamber 11 .

 A contact sensor 16 is installed in the wall of the unloading hopper 14 at a level of approximately 2/3 of the total height of the hopper 14, and a sensor 17 is installed below about 1/4 of the total height of the hopper 14. These sensors are designed to signal the switching on or off of commands to the electro-pneumatic valve which commands the opening (closing) of the slide gate 1 and the supply of compressed air from the line to the pipeline 19. Compressed air unloads (pushes) the treated grain from the bottom of the discharge hopper 14 through the pipe 2 0 mounted coaxially with the pipe 19.

 The proposed "Method of seed treatment" is as follows.

 A vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the discharge hopper 14. The gate valve 18 is closed, the access of compressed air through the pipe 19 is also blocked. Air is sucked out respectively from the seed dressing chamber 11 and the intake chamber 6. The gate valve 4 is closed, and compressed air is also not supplied through the pipe 8.

 Immediately after starting the vacuum pump, the grain is continuously fed into the loading chamber 5 of the storage hopper 2, then the slide gate 4 of the dispenser 3 is opened and the grain enters the intake chamber 6. Compressed air is fed into the closed chamber under the perforated (mesh) bottom 7 through the pipeline 8. intake chamber 6.

 The grain entering through the dispenser 3 and the gate valve 4 on the bottom 7, under the influence of compressed air, is brought into a suspended fluidized state, becomes “light” and is directed by the screen 9 into the pipeline 10 under the influence of the air mass created by the vacuum pump, as well as the pressure of the compressed of air from the pipeline 8 is easily and gently transported (rises) upward along the seed dressing chamber 11 into the zone of dressing of a finely dispersed emulsion of the preparation through the seed dressing chamber 11. Here, in a cloud of an aqueous solution of a drug continuously supplied under pressure through nozzles 12, the seeds are wetted (covered) with a solution of the drug in a moving stream quite evenly. And then, on an air cushion, air flows through a pipe 13 into the discharge hopper 14 and, under its own weight, falls to the bottom of the discharge hopper.

 As the pickled seeds accumulate in the discharge hopper 14 to the level of the contact sensor 16, the sensor gives a command signal to open the slide gate 18 and supply compressed air to the pipe 19, as a result of which the grain is discharged through the pipe 20 by a directed stream of compressed air.

 When the grain level in the discharge hopper 14 is reached to the level of the contact sensor 17, a command signal is received to turn off the compressed air supply through the pipe 19 and, accordingly, close the slide gate 18.

 All commands during operation of the device during seed dressing - to the control mechanism of the shutter 4, to supply compressed air to the pipelines 8 and 19, to supply a solution of the drug to the nozzles 12, to open (close) the shutter 18, to the vacuum pump is controlled by a microprocessor. At the same time, the microprocessor is configured to implement the seed dressing process in the optimal mode, in which all the aggregates and units operate continuously, that is, all the grain entering the storage hopper 2 is uniformly processed in the dressing chamber, enters the discharge hopper and is also continuously and uniformly unloaded through the discharge pipeline 20.

 The proposed method of seed treatment provides 100% seed treatment with a solution of the drug, while the consumption of the drug solution per ton of seeds is only three liters, which is more than three times less than with traditional methods of dressing. This allows the processing of seed material at any time of the year, since the reduced dose of an aqueous solution of the drug (3 liters per ton of seeds) does not lead to a noticeable increase in grain moisture.

 When using the proposed method, the seed treatment productivity is up to 40 tons of grain per hour.

 Due to the fact that grain processing occurs as a result of its continuous transportation in a fluidized state and on an air cushion through a cloud of a water-air emulsion of a drug solution, each grain is covered with a drug solution in approximately the same predetermined (planned) dosage.

 The proposed method of seed dressing was developed and tested in 1999 with positive results.

Literature
1. "PZ-10 grain dresser." Klenin N.I. and other agricultural machinery. Elements of the theory of work processes, calculation of adjustment parameters and modes. M .: Kolos, 1970, p. 174-175, fig. 148.

Claims (1)

 The method of seed dressing, which consists in transporting seeds from the storage hopper to the device for mixing them and simultaneously treating with a solution of the drug and, accordingly, unloading seeds from the device, characterized in that the transportation of seeds from the storage hopper to the dressing chamber, and then to the discharge hopper is carried out continuously and sequentially by bringing the seeds in the intake chamber under the influence of compressed air into a suspended fluidized state and transporting them in this state according to air-cushion piping under the influence of a vacuum pump into a vertically mounted dressing chamber, in which in a moving stream seeds are continuously and uniformly sprayed in a cloud with a finely dispersed emulsion of an aqueous solution of a processing agent, and then it is fed into an unloading bin with subsequent discharge from it under the influence of a directed stream of compressed air, with all the operations: bringing the seeds into a suspended fluidized state, transporting them on an air cushion, dressing and dressing The microprocessor controls the narrow.