RU215737U1 - ARTILLERY ARROW SHELL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to artillery ammunition, and more specifically, to arrow-shaped armor-piercing projectiles with a central rod made of heavy alloy, on which a ballistic fairing and a bladed stabilizer on the shank are rigidly fixed, placed inside a coaxial caliber body, longitudinally docked from segments. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of an artillery armor-piercing projectile. The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in an artillery arrow-shaped projectile, the obturation means is a sequential set of: cuffs made of molded rubber filling radial through channels of rectangular cross section, made along the adjoining surfaces of the body segments, which are limited along the periphery by a base antifriction belt rigidly fixed in the annular groove, and inside the cuff is monolithically connected with a rubber ring placed in a conformal groove of the central core, with a depth exceeding the height of the corrugation at its junction with the body, through channels are distributed in the aerodynamic funnel of the latter, while the angle of inclination of the bevel of the blades is made in the range (9-11) ° . 1 z.p.f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to artillery ammunition, and more specifically to arrow-shaped armor-piercing projectiles with a central rod made of heavy alloy, on which a ballistic fairing and a bladed stabilizer on the shank are rigidly fixed, placed inside a coaxial caliber body, longitudinally docked from segments.

The level of this technical field characterizes an arrow-shaped armor-piercing projectile according to patent RU 2265791 C1, F42B 14/06, 2004, which contains a central rod (core) geometrically connected by means of spiral corrugations with adequate corrugations on the inner surface of the caliber pallet (body) composed of adjoining segments connected in a functional unity by a polymeric leading belt fixed in the annular groove of the centering thickening on the aft part of the hull.

The caliber body is made in the form of a coil, while its head thickening is provided with an aerodynamic funnel, at the bottom of which a spring clip is laid in the annular groove, additionally fixing the body segments in a monolithic junction.

By means of slots on the periphery of the aerodynamic funnel, a thin-walled polymer tip is fixed into a lock, having a cross section weakened by longitudinal grooves.

The aerodynamic funnel communicates with the volume above the central narrowing of the body by distributed through channels to communicate the volume of the tip when fired with powder gases of the burning propellant charge of the cartridge case.

This is necessary to pressurize the polymer tip in order to facilitate its fracture along the longitudinal grooves under the action of the centrifugal forces of the projectile rotation behind the muzzle of the weapon barrel.

The continuation of the noted advantages are the inherent disadvantages of the design, in particular:

- limitation of the area of use only for rifled barrels, because the leading belt is rigidly fixed to the body;

- the stern of the hull is not reliably obturated from the breakthrough of powder gases, as a result of which part of the propelling impulse is lost, thereby reducing the range of aimed fire.

The noted shortcomings are eliminated in the swept armor-piercing projectile described in US patent No. 4187783, F42B 14/06, 1980, which, according to the technical nature and the number of matching features, is selected as the closest analogue to the proposed projectile.

The well-known arrow-shaped armor-piercing projectile contains a central heavy-alloy core equipped with a thin-walled fairing and a bladed shank, which, by means of combined annular radial corrugations, is geometrically closed into a functional unity with a body made in the form of a coil (saddle) having caliber ends with an uzina between them.

The supporting body is made up of adjacent tubular segments, which are fastened at both ends: at the head end with a screwed gauge ring with weakened sections distributed along the perimeter; and from the stern - a figured polymer seal combined with a transverse obturator at the junction of the core with the body.

In the head caliber end of the body, a blind aerodynamic funnel is made to accumulate the oncoming air flow, the pressure of which breaks the projectile basing ring behind the muzzle of the barrel.

The polymer base belt in the annular groove on the centering thickening of the stern of the hull is installed through the anti-friction layer, that is, it is made radially sliding, which ensures that only part of the torque is transferred to the supporting hull during firing.

The well-known sub-caliber projectile with a “floating” base belt, obturated from the stern, having a composite body securely fastened at both ends, is designed for firing from a smooth-bore gun.

The disadvantages of the known projectile should also include:

- short aiming range due to unsatisfactory obturation of the projectile when fired, resulting in reduced propellant momentum and initial flight speed;

- the complexity of the design of the combined multi-position means of obturation and the profiled means of fastening the stern of the hull;

- not manufacturability of fastening at the end of the aerodynamic funnel of an additional basing belt, made in the form of a reference caliber ring, equipped with perforations distributed along the perimeter that locally weaken its cross section.

In addition, it is not technically possible to select the required angle of inclination of the bevel of the aerodynamic blades within the given fixed height of this bevel, as a result of which, on the one hand, air flow separation and decelerating turbulence occur in a given volume of the shank, and on the other hand, unacceptable flotation of the blades.

The technical objective of the present utility model is to eliminate the above disadvantages in order to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of an artillery armor-piercing projectile.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in an artillery arrow-shaped projectile, including a heavy alloy core, which is geometrically closed by means of conjugated corrugations with a coaxial body made in the form of a coil of longitudinally joined segments, fastened together by shroud rims having locally weakened cross sections and which fixed in the grooves at its ends, the body is equipped with a base polymer belt located in the annular groove on the aft thickening, where an elastic obturator is mounted, an aerodynamic funnel is made in the head thickening of the body, while a ballistic fairing and a stabilizing tail with aerodynamic blades are fixed on the central core, equipped in width with a bevel in the lower part, at the suggestion of the authors, the obturation means is a sequential set of: molded rubber cuffs filling radial through channels of rectangular cross section, lined along the surfaces of the junction of the body segments, which are limited along the periphery by a base antifriction belt rigidly fixed in the annular groove, and inside the cuff they are monolithically connected with a rubber ring placed in the conformal groove of the central core, with a depth exceeding the height of the corrugation in its junction with the body, in the aerodynamic funnel the latter, through communication channels are distributed with a volume above the hull narrowing, while the diameter of the head bulge is guaranteed to be less than the diameter of the base belt, made of polyamide or polyarylate and fixed directly in the annular groove of the aft bulge of the coaxial hull at the level of the center of mass, and the thin-walled threaded fairing rests on the annular groove core, limiting its head part, having a flat end, while the angle of inclination of the bevel of the blades is optimized in the range (9-11)°.

Another feature is that the shroud rims are equipped with section grooves distributed along the perimeter and are fitted in grooves at the end of the hull stern and at the bottom of its aerodynamic funnel, while the bearing strength of the shroud rim mentioned last is obviously greater than the strength of the rim at the stern of the hull.

The distinctive features of the proposed technical solution, due to the modernization of the design, have improved the manufacturability of the projectile suitable for mass production, the effectiveness of which is increased as a result of achieving a greater depth of armor penetration over a longer distance of aimed fire.

The execution of the obturation means in the form of a sequential assembly, including radial cuffs, monolithically connected with the ring at the junction of the central rod with the plug-in body, and adjacent at the distal ends to the base polymer belt, made it possible to almost completely eliminate the possibility of a breakthrough behind the midsection of the projectile of the products of combustion of the propellant charge of the cartridge case, which by definition, increased the initial velocity of the projectile and the firing range.

The cuffs are technologically made integral with the central ring made of molded rubber, which are then gap-free installed, respectively, in radial through channels of rectangular cross section, made along the surfaces of the junction of the body segments and in the groove of the central rod, with a depth exceeding the height of the corrugation at its junction with the body.

The well-developed rectangular profile of the rubber cuffs securely covers the contact surfaces of the housing segments.

The gas insulation of the longitudinal joint of the central core with the body is provided by a rubber ring placed in a conformal groove, the depth of which exceeds the height of their annular grooves in engagement.

The production of a polymeric belt based on injection molding technology directly into the annular groove of the body ensures their backlash-free connection due to precision accuracy.

The choice of the material of the basing belt made of antifriction materials is dictated by the need to minimize friction losses with the table during the shot.

Equipping the aerodynamic funnel at the end of the hull with distributed through channels of communication with the volume above its width made it possible to reduce braking from the pressure of the oncoming air flow during firing due to the organized overflow of excess air into the free volume above the width of the hull.

For dynamic removal of excess air from the volume of the uzina, a constructive annular gap is formed between the surface of the barrel and the periphery of the head thickening of the body.

The latter circumstance became possible when the basing belt was placed at the level of the center of mass of the projectile, which automatically stabilizes the projectile longitudinally when fired, taking into account the fact that the compacted annular flow of air ejected to the outside from the volume of the uzka during the fire performs the functions of an additional aerodynamic support.

The rigid connection of the thin-walled fairing along the thread with the head part of the core ensures its abutment against the annular groove that forms the head part of the core having a flat end.

The annular groove of the core performs its functions as a damper for the head part to compensate and dampen axial and shock loads.

The flat end of the head of the armor-piercing rod prevents the core from rebounding when approaching the obstacle at an angle. It serves as a balancing element for aligning the longitudinal axis of the armor-piercing core along the normal to the barrier. At the same time, the sharp edge of the flat end of the head part located in front of it crashes into an obstacle and slows down, and the core continues its forward movement, turning along the normal and continuing to penetrate into the armor.

The compact head part of the core (with a form factor close to one) improves the penetration of the functional rod into the barrier, minimizing shock and reaction loads, which are damped with little or no transfer to the core.

The blunt (flat) end of the head part of the core, upon expressive impact on the armor, initiates a shock wave, in the rear of which the structural weakening of the armor material occurs, which melts locally, resulting in a more dynamic penetration of the core.

On the autonomous flight path, the core is longitudinally stabilized due to the structural stability margin, when the center of mass is shifted towards the head relative to the center of pressure determined by the bladed stabilizer.

The pitch angle of the tail blades is experimentally optimized in the range of (9-11)° to eliminate factors affecting the flight speed: turbulence of near-boundary air flows in a given tail rarefaction and blade floatation.

The bandage rings (rims) for fastening the hull segments are equipped with section grooves distributed along the perimeter for instantaneous destruction under the action of centrifugal forces and are fitted in the grooves at the end of the hull stern and at the bottom of its aerodynamic funnel.

A feature of the monolithic fastening of the segments is that the bearing strength of the shroud rim in the funnel is guaranteed to be greater than the strength of the stern rim, which first ensures the destruction of the stern rim in the muzzle of the barrel, and the head rim - behind the muzzle of the gun barrel, where the segments radially scatter under the pressure of the oncoming air flow, freeing the core for autonomous flight to the target.

Consequently, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of the quality that is not inherent in features in disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the utility model is solved not by the sum of effects, but by a new super-effective sum of features.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by a drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of claims of the set of features of the formula, which shows:

in fig. 1 - projectile according to the utility model, a longitudinal section along A-A in Fig. 3;

in fig. 2 - section B-B in Fig. one;

in fig. 3 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 1;

in fig. 4 - section on G-D in Fig. one;

in fig. 5 is a section along D-D in Fig. 4.

The proposed armor-piercing projectile (Fig. 1) contains a bearing body 1 in the form of a coil and a centrally located core 2 made of a heavy alloy of the VNZH type; equipped with a ballistic fairing 3 and a tail 4 with blades 5, which are equipped with an anti-flotation bevel 6. The bevel is made at an angle of inclination to the trailing edge (9-11)° (Fig. 2).

The thin-walled fairing 3 along the thread 7 is rigidly fixed on the head part 8 of the core 2, formed by means of an annular groove 9 against which the open end of the fairing 3 abuts.

The head part of a compact form serves as a damper of shock loads during a dynamic encounter with an obstacle.

The supporting body 1 is made of identical segments 10 (Fig. 3, 4), which are longitudinally adjacent to each other and geometrically closed by annular corrugations 11 with reciprocal corrugations 12 of the core 2 in a functional unity.

At the end of the head bulge 13 of the body 1, an aerodynamic funnel 14 is made, at the bottom of which a shroud rim 16 is installed in the annular groove 15 in tension, and at the end of its aft bulge 17, the shroud rim 18 is similarly fixed in the annular groove 19, which creates a monolithic unity of the body 1.

At the bottom of the aerodynamic funnel 14, there are through channels 20 of communication with a volume above the narrowing 21 of the housing 1.

Along the perimeter of the shroud rims 16, 18, grooves 22 are distributed (Fig. 3), forming weakened cross-sections of the section into parts from functional radial loads. As a result, the clamping of the segments 10 is released in the abutment.

On the stern bulge 17, at the level of the center of mass of the projectile, gapless in the annular groove 23, a base belt 24 is fixed by precision injection molding, made of polyamide or polyarylate, which are characterized by antifriction properties, that is, they are resistant to tribodynamic loads in the barrel when fired.

The proposed projectile has a cascade obturator made of rubber ring 25 adjacent to each other, placed in the transverse groove 26 of the core 2 (Fig. 1, 3 and 4), the depth of which is guaranteed to exceed the height of the grooves 11 and 12, and rubber radial cuffs 27 of a rectangular profile ( Fig. 5), installed in conformal radial through channels 28 across the body 1, formed along its surfaces 29 adjoining the segments 10, as well as the polymer base band 24 on the periphery of the cuffs 27.

This assembly, structured from adjacent elements 25-27-24, reliably covers the body 1 in cross section, excluding the breakthrough of powder gases of the propellant charge, thereby maintaining the propellant impulse developed during its combustion for a given acceleration when fired.

The projectile functions according to the utility model as follows.

When loading, the projectile is based in the barrel of the gun by means of a polymer tribodynamic belt 24, being longitudinally centered, while an annular gap is formed between the head thickening 13 of the body 1 and the surface of the barrel for ejection of excess air from the volume above the narrowing 21 of the body 1.

When fired, the burning of the powder propellant charge of the cartridge case is initiated, which determines a sharp increase in pressure in it, as a result of which the projectile receives linear acceleration when moving in the bore.

The annular corrugations 11 of the core 2 slip relative to the engagement with the corrugations 12 of the body 1, through which the rotation is only partially transmitted to the body 1.

In this case, the projectile receives acceleration of linear motion along the barrel, which is accompanied by pressurization of air of the oncoming flow in the aerodynamic funnel 14, from where excess air under pressure flows through the through channels 20 into the volume above the narrowing 21 of the body 1, from where it reverses outward through the installation gap between the head thickening 13 and the surface of the barrel, without deceleration of the projectile, thus the initial velocity of the projectile does not decrease.

When the lumpy thickening 17 of the projectile enters the muzzle device, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation, the bandage rim 19 of the stern is destroyed along the weakened grooves 22 of the cross sections and the segments 10 rotate relative to the support in the head rim 16, that is, they act as levers of the first kind, loading the bandage rim radially from the inside 16, which is additionally affected by the pressure of the oncoming air flow accumulated in the aerodynamic funnel 14.

As a result of the force impact, the shroud rim 16 collapses along the weakened sections under the grooves 22, releasing the segments 10, which scatter to the sides, releasing the central core 2 for autonomous flight to the target.

On the obstacle, the thin-walled fairing 3 is crushed, and then the head part 8 of the heavy-alloy core 2 is inertially introduced into the armor.

From high-speed force action with friction, the armor material in the interaction zone is melted and squeezed out with the formation of a cavity, facilitating the introduction of the core.

In this case, the reaction forces are damped in the shock-absorbing groove 9, minimally affecting the core 2 without destroying it.

Bench and full-scale tests by firing projectiles on the utility model confirmed the achievement of higher performance indicators, namely: compared to analogues, the depth of armor penetration was increased by 22-28%, and the distance of aimed fire was increased by a quarter, which makes it possible to recommend the design for revision as part of R&D for delivery to customers .

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the closest analogues of the prior art did not reveal an identical match of the set of essential features of the utility model.

The proposed differences of an artillery arrow-shaped projectile are not obvious to an ammunition specialist, which do not directly follow from the formulation of the technical problem.

The manufacture of the proposed arrow-shaped armor-piercing projectile can be carried out at the current mass production.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that the utility model complies with the conditions of patentability.

Claims (2)

1. Artillery arrow-shaped projectile, including a heavy alloy core, which is geometrically closed by mating corrugations with a coaxial body made in the form of a coil of longitudinally joined segments, fastened together by shroud rims having locally weakened cross sections, and which are fixed in grooves on its ends, the hull is equipped with a base polymer belt located in the annular groove on the aft bulge, where an elastic obturator is mounted, an aerodynamic funnel is made in the head bulge of the hull, while a ballistic fairing and a stabilizing shank with aerodynamic blades equipped with a bevel are fixed on the central core, characterized in that that the obturation means is a sequential set of: molded rubber cuffs that fill radial through channels of rectangular cross section, made along the adjoining surfaces of the body segments, which are limited in ripherium is rigidly fixed in the annular groove with a base antifriction belt, and inside the cuff is monolithically connected with a rubber ring placed in the conformal groove of the central core, with a depth exceeding the height of the corrugation at its junction with the body, in the aerodynamic funnel of the latter there are distributed through channels of communication with a volume above the width of the body , while the diameter of the head thickening is guaranteed to be less than the diameter of the base belt made of polyamide or polyarylate, fixed directly in the annular groove of the aft thickening of the coaxial body at the level of the center of mass, and the thin-walled threaded fairing rests on the annular groove of the core, limiting its head part, which has a flat end , while the angle of inclination of the bevel of the blades is made in the range of 9-11°. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the shroud rims are equipped with section grooves distributed along the perimeter and are installed under tension in the grooves at the end of the hull stern and at the bottom of its aerodynamic funnel, while the bearing strength of the shroud rim mentioned by the latter is obviously greater than the strength of the rim at the stern of the hull.

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