RU2157056C2 - Method for three-dimensional tv recording - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: TV equipment. SUBSTANCE: method involves specific position of transmitting cameras for observing specific perspective, production of specific structure of clocked video signals as single base frame, which takes into account position of elements of observed object in space, specific processing of image, when position of each displayed pixel depends on recorded duration of element in base frame and position of eyes of observer. Claims of invention disclose position of transmitting cameras, relation between their positions and parameters of TV scanning, algorithm for converting perspective images from base frame and relation of converted perspective image signals to screen scans for displaying three-dimensional image. Current state-of-the-art devices provide possibility to implement invention. EFFECT: transmission of three- dimensional images through standard TV channels and communication lines, compatibility of generated three-dimensional image signals to standard TV broadcasting signals, possibility to record three-dimensional images. 9 cl, 25 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of television technology, namely to television systems in which a three-dimensional image of objects is formed, transmitted and reproduced, for example, for television broadcasting, medical diagnostics, designing machine parts, computer games, creating theater effects, etc.

Surround television (OTV) is carried out in the following main stages:
- observation of an object from different angles by a set of transmitting cameras that form a single field of video signals that reflect the three-dimensional state of the observed scene (object);
- encoding of this field of video signals in a form optimal for subsequent transmission (or recording);
- transmission, reception and decoding of generated video signals;
- the conversion of the received video information into the optical fields of the angles observed by the viewer.

At each of these stages, specific difficulties and technical contradictions take place, in particular:
- at the stage of observation, it is necessary to see the object from different angles in order to ensure in the subsequent viewer observing the three-dimensional image a wide viewing angle of the object with a combination of smoothness of looking around it vertically and horizontally;
- at the stages of formation and coding of signals from multiple angles, it is necessary to present these signals in a form compatible with standard television signals (video signals);
- at the stage of transmission (or recording) of OTV signals containing information on numerous angles, it is desirable to use a standard television channel and standard recording equipment;
- at the stage of reproducing the volumetric image, it is necessary to ensure that each viewer perceives only that pair of angles in the aggregate of color and brightness information that corresponds to the location of the viewer in front of the reproducing screen.

The whole combination of these difficulties and technical contradictions boils down to the fact that the OTV system must provide for real-time coding, transmission and reproduction of the amount of video information that significantly exceeds that for existing television standards. All this leads to the complication of all links of the OTV system:
- the need to use a wide frequency band in the recording, transmission, and playback paths;
- the use of encoding and decoding devices with high performance;
- the use of display devices with high linear resolution and high geometric fidelity to obtain an image as maximally relevant to the observed object, and deliberately deformable to provide theatrical effects.

 Note that attempts to solve the problems of the OTV system in parts do not lead to success. To create an OTV system suitable for widespread use, an integral approach is needed, as a whole, to all stages at the same time, because these parts are interconnected and interdependent.

 Known OTV methods in which an image of objects is formed, transmitted and reproduced in the form of a stereo pair consisting of right and left fields falling into the right and left eyes of the audience, respectively, using special stereoscopic glasses [1,2]. Such a solution to the OTV problem, (mainly due to the stages of observation, coding, and reproduction) leads to inconvenience of perception due to the need to use special means - glasses.

 Known OTV methods without the use of stereoscopic glasses, which consist in the fact that an object whose image must be transmitted at a distance is observed from two different points (angles) spaced in the horizontal direction and form two sets of electrical signals (frames, or stereopair fields); the stereopair fields are transmitted through the communication channel, and at the reproducing end of the communication channel, the left and right fields get into the corresponding eyes of the viewer, for which the azimuthal coordinates of the eyes and the distance of the viewer from the screen of the reproducing device are taken into account, which are determined, for example, by the method of optical location [3], ultrasound sensing [4] and other methods [5].

 The reproduction devices of the OTV system can use a reproducing screen with an obturator made, for example, on the basis of a liquid crystal matrix [6], a lens raster [7], a mush eye lens [8], or otherwise.

 Solving the OTV problem (mainly due to the stages of formation and reproduction) leads to a disadvantage in that only a formed stereo pair is perceived, without the ability to reproduce a three-dimensional image for many angles, i.e. without the possibility of smoothly looking around the image by the viewer. A common drawback of all these methods [3-8] is the low quality of the resulting three-dimensional image and incompatibility with standard television signals, which makes it almost impossible for the widespread use of these methods.

The known OTV method, which includes observing an object, a set of transmitting cameras, the number of which is two or more, placed equidistantly, generating video signals containing information about the volumetric image by clocking and switching the signals of the transmitting cameras, transmitting and receiving the generated video signals, converting the received video signals into an optical image with taking into account the coordinates of the viewer relative to the center of the screen [9, prototype]. Specifically, a known solution is that:
- the observed object is considered from different points of view (angles), the number of which is two or more, by means of transmitting cameras located equidistantly with constant convergence of the optical axes of adjacent transmitting cameras;
- at the formation stage, they form two sets of clocked video signals corresponding to two selected angles, and their selection is determined by the signals of the device that determines the position of the viewer's eyes;
- only the indicated two sets of clocked video signals corresponding to the selected angles are transmitted to the communication channel;
- at the playback stage, two optical images are formed in which each element (pixel) is shifted horizontally of the screen by an amount related to the depth of its position in the image, and the light information is distributed in the direction of the viewer's eyes.

In the method [9], we can assume that a correct approach has been outlined to a comprehensive solution to the OTV problem, however, it still does not clearly formulate the basic requirements for the OTV system, which, apparently, led to the creation of a system with low consumer qualities, in particular :
- the OTV system using the method [9] cannot work in the recording mode, since it uses the coordinates of the participant in the OTV system - a specific viewer, entered into the system at the stage of formation of the transmitted video image;
- the OTV system using the method [9] allows you to play back only those view fields that correspond to the directions of the optical axes of the transmitting cameras, since no video signals are processed at the playback stage;
- the requirement of smooth looking around the image in a wide viewing angle leads to the need to use a large number of transmitting cameras (1000 or more transmitting cameras), which greatly complicates and increases the cost of the system; therefore, it seems appropriate to use no more than 2 to 3 dozen transmitting cameras;
- an increase in the number of viewers requires a proportional change in the bandwidth of the transmission path of the system and complicates the receiving devices.

 Thus, technical solutions of the type [9] have a high cost of transmitting and receiving devices and have high quality surround images, due to the fact that the total number of viewing and reproduction angles is small, practically no more than 20.

 The technical result of the proposed solution is the attainability of a human perception of a three-dimensional image with the ability to look around an object in a wide (near the steradian) viewing angle, with planned looking around (with a slight difference in angles, for example, 10 arc minutes both in vertical and azimuthal measurements) at absence of distortion of proportions and perspective in the image of the observed object.

 The technical result of the proposed solution is also the ability to transmit three-dimensional images on conventional monoscopic television channels and communication channels (for example, on a channel that meets the standards of PAL, SECAM, NTSC).

 The technical result of the proposed solution is also the possibility of combining the generated volumetric image signals with standard television broadcasting signals (for example, with signals as in the existing PAL, SECAM, NTSC standards).

 The technical result of the proposed solution is also the ability to control the volumetric image and obtain specific effects (influx, deletion, adjusting the size of the observed image of the object, different for different coordinate axes, etc.), which is necessary for solving design problems, theatrical effects, and in the future can provide the potential for creating interactive OTV devices.

 The technical result of the proposed solution is also the ability to record images of the observed object, regardless of the coordinates and the number of future viewers when playing recorded information. In particular, standard recording equipment may be used to record a three-dimensional image.

 The specified technical result of the proposed solution is achieved due to the fact that all four stages are carried out in a fundamentally new way: observation, formation, transmission (recording) and reproduction of a three-dimensional image.

The technical result of the proposed solution is achieved:
- special placement of the transmitting cameras when observing the angles,
- obtaining a specific structure of the clocked video signals in the form of a single base frame, which takes into account the location of the elements of the observed object in space;
- transmission over telecommunication circuits (and recording onto a medium) of only the basic frame;
- special reproduction of the image when the position of the reproduced pixels is determined by both the recorded spatial coordinates of the element in the base frame and the position of the eyes of the viewer.

And more specifically:
- observation of the object is carried out by groups of transmitting cameras located taking into account the parameters of the television signal and the subsequent possible positions of the viewer;
- at the formation stage, a basic frame is formed that reflects the spatial arrangement of the elements of the observed object and represents a combination of clocked signals consisting of address and information parts, where:
- the information part reflects the brightness and color of the elements of the observed signal;
- address part - the sequence of signals in the base frame; at the same time, a signal about the range of the object element is introduced into the address part, for which:
- sequentially, in a given order and for a given time interval periodically, with periods of both frame and line scan, include groups of transmitting cameras;
- in each group of transmitting cameras, one of them is taken as the main one, and the rest as additional; during operation of this group of transmitting cameras, the video signals of the main transmitting camera are delayed at various time intervals that are multiples of the cycle time;
- the delay cycle is equal to the duration of the signal describing the element of the object;
- video signals of additional transmitting cameras in a group are compared in pairs with the delayed video signals of the main transmitting camera;
- determine the range, as a parameter associated with the number of the delay cycle of the video signals of the main transmitting camera, on which there was a coincidence of the compared signals;
- add range signals to the video signals of the main transmitting camera, and a certain range of signals of the main transmitting camera is assigned the same range;
- transmission of OTV signals reduces to the transmission of signals of the base frame;
- when playing for each pupil of the viewer, only the address part of the signals of the base frame is converted, taking into account the position of each viewer and the range signals of the group of elements of the base frame;
- optical images of the corresponding camera angles are formed in the direction of the pupils of each viewer.

 The wording of the technical solution given above in a generalized form, it is advisable to detail in a number of specific areas.

 First of all, we will carry out such detailing with respect to the observation stage, where it is desirable to associate the placement of transmitting cameras in space with the frequency of their inclusion.

It is most optimal to establish such a connection in the following embodiment:
- elementary solid angles corresponding to various elements of the object perceived by each of the transmitting chambers are the same;
- the transmitting cameras are at the same distance from the central point A, selected in the space of the observed object (scene);
- the entrance pupils of all the transmitting chambers are placed on a spherical surface centered at point A, on lines similar to the horizontal direction of the transmitting chambers; in particular, in a linear horizontal scan, the optical axes of a part of the groups of transmitting cameras are arranged in a central plane containing point A and directed to this point; their entrance pupils are located on a circle centered at point A;
- transmitting cameras are arranged in groups, the number of transmitting cameras in the group is chosen equal to 2 or 3, one of the transmitting cameras is the main one, the others are additional, while:
- we will call one of the groups of transmitting cameras located in the central plane the base group, all other groups of transmitting cameras will be called angle groups;
- the entrance pupils of the groups of angles of the transmitting cameras are placed both in the central plane and on the basis of cones with a vertex at point A formed by a section of a spherical surface centered at point A with planes parallel to the central plane;
- the optical axes of the transmitting chambers in one group are placed on one conical surface with a constant inclination to the central plane and direct them to point A; (at small angles of inclination, conical surfaces can be replaced by inclined planes),
- groups of transmitting chambers are placed on certain conical surfaces (planes), the generatrix of which has an individual inclination to the central plane;
- line and frame scans of transmitting cameras are synchronized with each other;
- the start times of line and frame scans of all transmitting cameras within the same group coincide in time;
- the sequence of signals of the transmitting cameras, including both sweeps (line and frame) in different groups, is carried out with a given relative delay, depending on the spatial arrangement of these groups.

- in addition, the following conditions must be met:
δ = D / L = B / Lo; (1)
a) at small viewing angles significantly smaller than the field of view of the main transmitting camera of the base group, when a standard television channel is used to transmit OTV signals:
(Σε _i ) / θ ≤ T _cc / T _pk ; (2)
(Σβ _i ) / φ ≤ T _nc / T _pc ; (3)
b) at large viewing angles commensurate with the field of view of the main transmitting camera of the base group, when an additional television channel is used to transmit OTV signals:
(Σε _i ) / θ ≤ (T _c / T _cl ) / T _pc ; (4)
(Σβ _i ) / φ ≤ (T _c / T _cc ) / T _pc ; (5)
where δ is the angle between the optical axes of adjacent transmitting cameras in the group (convergence), rad;
Σε _i is the vertical viewing angle of the image by the viewer, glad
ε _i is the angle in the azimuthal measurement between the main transmitting cameras, in neighboring groups, rad;
Σβ _i is the viewing angle of the image by the viewer in azimuth, rad;
β _i is the angle in the vertical dimension between the main transmitting cameras in neighboring groups, rad;
θ is the angle at which the main transmitting camera of the base group sees the object vertically, glad
φ is the angle at which the main transmitting camera of the base group sees the object in azimuth, glad
B is the distance between the eyes of the viewer, m;
D is the distance between the main and additional transmitting cameras, m;
L is the distance from the transmitting cameras to point A, selected, as indicated above, in the observation space of the object, m;
L ₀ is the specified standard distance from the center of the reproducing screen to the base point 0 selected in the observation area of the volumetric image, m;
T _pc - part of the horizontal scanning period occupied by the reproduction of video information, s;
T _ns - part of the horizontal scanning period, not occupied by the reproduction of video information and service signals, s;
T _pk - part of the period of the personnel scan, occupied by the reproduction of video information in a standard television frame, s;
T _ck - part of the period of the personnel scan, free from the reproduction of video information and the transmission of service signals in a standard television frame, s;
T _SL - part of the period of the frame scan occupied by service signals, s;
T _ss - part of the horizontal line period occupied by service signals, s;
T _to - frame scan period, s;
T _with - horizontal scanning period, s;
Expression 1 describes the spatial relationships in the OTV system with the correct transmission of the longitudinal and two transverse proportions of the observed object in the corresponding proportions of the three-dimensional image. Moreover, the surface of the reproducing screen acts as the surface at which point A is located when observing the object; all points of the object lying between the transmitting cameras and the surface containing the point A, when playing back a three-dimensional image, are perceived by the viewer as points protruding from the reproducing screen, and all points behind this surface are perceived as lying behind the screen.

For the correct functioning of the OTV system, expression 1 must be used together with expressions 2 and 3 at small viewing angles and together with expressions 4 and 5 at large viewing angles. Expressions 2 to 5 determine the cyclic inclusion of groups of transmitting cameras. In expressions 2 through 5, the ≤ sign (less than or equal to) indicates the condition for ensuring smooth viewing of the volumetric image by the viewer. If these relations are violated, jumps in angles appear when looking around, due to the discrepancy between the angle of the groups of angles and the time allotted in the television frame to transmit information about additional angles that appear in the angles of observation Σε _i and Σβ _i . In the particular case, with Σε _i = Σβ _i = 0 in expressions 2 and 3 (only one basic group of transmitting cameras works), there will be no looking in either azimuth or vertical direction.

In the calculations, it is advisable to use the value B, averaged for all viewers as 64 • 10 ^-3 m = 2 ⁶ mm, which, on the one hand, is close to the average distance between the human eyes (B = 65 mm), and on the other hand, it is convenient for all calculations in binary code; specifying the value of B for a real viewer will not introduce a significant refinement and improvement of the method.

Ratios 1-3 are suitable for any television standard. When moving from one standard to another, only the specific values of T _ck , T _pk , T _ns and T _pc corresponding to the applied standard will change. Moreover, the achievable viewing angles of a three-dimensional image cannot be arbitrarily wide. If, for example, the viewing angle of the main camera of the base group is 60 ^° in azimuth and vertical, and the time free from transmitting video information by a standard television signal takes 10% of the line period and 10% of the frame period, then the viewing angle will not exceed 6 ^o as in azimuth and vertically. However, this is quite enough for the viewer, being in comfortable conditions, for example, sitting in front of the TV surround image, was able, with the tilts of the body, to perceive the surround image in all its variety of angles. The total number of angles perceived by him can exceed 1000 while ensuring smooth looking (the angle between adjacent angles does not exceed 10 coal min).

 To transmit OTV signals that provide a wide-angle viewing angle, for example, commensurate with the steradian, you will need to use an additional television channel, while it is necessary to use ratios 4 and 5, or use a television channel with an extended bandwidth.

 If point A is chosen at infinity (cameras are positioned so that their optical axes are parallel), then the convergence angle (angle δ) is zero.

 If two transmitting cameras are used in the camera group (both in the basic and in the angle group), then they are placed parallel to the horizontal direction.

 If more than two transmitting cameras are used in the camera group (both in the basic and in the angle group), then they are placed on a line similar to the horizontal scan of the transmitting cameras. (If the horizontal scan is straightforward, as in existing standard transmitting cameras, then the arrangement of the transmitting cameras in the group is parallel to the horizontal direction; if the horizontal scanning in each camera of the group is curved, for example spiral, then the location of the transmitting cameras in the group should be similar to the horizontal direction of these transmitting cameras in that part of the period when this group of transmitting cameras is turned on).

 Each group of transmitting cameras is connected periodically: for the full frame time, each of the groups of transmitting cameras is switched on for a certain period, which makes up a certain part of the period of both horizontal and vertical scans. The basic group is turned on with a frequency and for a time equal to the frequency and time of transmission of video information in a standard television signal, the remaining groups of transmitting cameras are included in a sequence corresponding to their spatial position. The inclusion of all the transmitting chambers within the group is carried out simultaneously: the inclusion of the groups of transmitting chambers located on different conical surfaces (or planes) is performed synchronously with the frame scan, and the inclusion of the groups of transmitting chambers located on the same conical surface (or in the same plane) is performed synchronously with line scan.

It is advisable to optimize the stage of formation of the base frame. At this stage, you can divide the field of the base frame into equal polygons with the number of sides b≥3 and assign the same discrete range value to each ith polygon. For definiteness, in the future we will assume b = 4 to be the shape of a polygon - a rectangle containing K • L elements of the base frame; here
K≥1 - the number of elements in the rectangle along the line,
L≥1 - the number of lines occupied by the rectangle.

 Note that the address space of the basic frame significantly exceeds that required for the reproduction of a conventional television frame, since in addition to the elements of the object visible from base point 0, it must also contain elements, although invisible from base point 0, but visible from other side angles necessary for the implementation of the surround image.

 We also note that the additional information on the range of rectangles with K • L elements in volume is much less than the information transmitted by a standard television signal. Suppose, for example, the OTV system distinguishes 32 plans (which corresponds to high quality three-dimensional image). Then, for a group of KxL standard elements of the basic frame, it is necessary to transmit 5 binary digits once, fully describing the element range field. If, for example, K = L = 4, then in addition to each element of the standard television image, it is necessary to transmit 5/32 = 0.16 bits of additional information. Such insignificant information can be transmitted, for example, by quadrature modulation of a standard signal with a subcarrier located in the lower frequency region of the spectrum (for example, at a frequency of 1.5 MHz) than the color difference signal subcarrier.

During playback, the address part of the rectangles of the base frame is converted, and the addresses of all KxL elements inside the ith rectangle are changed the same without changing their relative position. For example, if points P and Q are inside the same i-th rectangle, then after converting the addresses, their relative position on the plane of the reproducing screen will not change. If other points R and S are inside different (j-th and k-th) rectangles, then two options are possible:
- if the ranges assigned to these rectangles are the same, then their relative position on the plane of the reproducing screen will also be preserved,
- if the ranges assigned to these rectangles differ, then their relative position on the plane of the reproducing screen after address translation, generally speaking, will change.

Coordinates are converted for each angle and the formation of the corresponding video pages is performed according to the following rules:
- the coordinates of the rectangles of the base frame are transformed, with the exception of those that are assigned a zero plan number (rectangles having a zero plan number when recording are located in the plane containing the selected point A, and during playback they are located in the plane of the image screen);
- the sequence of transformation of the coordinates of the base frame takes into account the number of the plan, the conversion starts from the most distant and ends with the plan closest to the viewer;
- rectangles having addresses that do not go beyond the allowed addresses of the image screen fall into the video page of this angle.

 Thus, the transformation of the coordinates of the rectangles of the base frame in accordance with the position of the viewer, carried out at the stage of playback of the volumetric image, allows you to separate the stage of forming the base frame from the position of the viewer, that is, it becomes possible to record the volumetric image in the proposed OTV system that is invariant to the position of the viewer. The possibility of such a recording in other previously known OTV systems did not exist.

 It is advisable to carry out further specification and, accordingly, optimization of the proposed method, taking into account the specific device of the image screen.

Let a flat reproducing screen made, for example, based on liquid crystals [6] be used in a reproducing device. This screen can be represented as consisting of MxN rectangles, each i-rectangle contains KxL elements and has the coordinates of the center X _io and X _io .

When observed from the base point O (O, O, Z _o ), this i-rectangle displays the group of K • L elementary signals of the base frame defined above. For example, a three-dimensional volumetric image element W (X _w , Y _w , Z _w ) is projected from a base point O to a point C _o (X _wo , Y _wo , O). The basic frame in the aggregate of the transmitted information contains the coordinates of the transmitted elements (points), including the coordinates of the point C _o (X _wo , Y _w0 , O). The observed i-rectangle, when observing it from an arbitrary point V (X _v , Y _v , Z _v ), is projected to another location on the screen, and its center will have the coordinates X _iv , and Y _iv . Point C _o (X _wo , Y _wo , O), without changing its relative position inside the ith rectangle, will shift along the surface of the screen to the point C _v (X _wv , Y _wv , O).

The transformation of the coordinates of the point C _o when it is moved to the point C _{v is} carried out in accordance with the expressions:
X _wv = (Z _v X _wo (Z _o -Z _w ) -X _v Z _w Z _o ) / (Z _v (Z _o -Z _w )) (6)
Y _wv = (Z _v Y _wo (Z _o -Z _w ) - Y _v Z _w Z _o ) / (Z _v (Z _o -Z _w ) (7)
Where
X _v , Y _v and Z _v - coordinates of one pupil of the viewer (point V);
X _wo and Y _wo are the coordinates of the projection of the point W (X _w , Y _w , Z _w ) from the base point O onto the information screen;
X _w , Y _w and Z _w are the spatial coordinates of the point W (X _w , Y _w , Z _w ) of the object;
O, O, Z _o - coordinates of the base point O.

Since all points inside, for example, the ith rectangle get the same offset equal to ΔX _i and ΔY _i , then its center will shift by the same amount, i.e.:
X _iv -X _io = X _wv -X _wo = Δ X _i - horizontally and
X _iv -Y _io = Y _wv -Y _wo = Δ Y _i - vertically.

The value of Z _o , to facilitate subsequent calculations, it is advisable to choose a multiple of the pixel size (X ⁿ ) of the used image screen along the axis OX. It is advisable to use a ratio of 2048 = 2 ¹¹ , since this is close to the optimal viewing range of the viewer for a three-dimensional image, for example, for a 21 '' screen (500 mm) and a pixel size of 0.66 mm.

Z _o = X ⁿ • 2 ¹¹ m = 1.35 m.

 With this choice of the base point for a given image screen, the image control algorithm of the angles will be simplified and invariant to the screen size.

If there are several viewers, the position of each of them is measured and for each viewer they form their own individual pair of optical images (fields). Therefore, in the case of N viewers, the transformation of the coordinates X _io and Y _io for each rectangle is carried out 2N times. In the particular case, you can not convert the Y _io coordinate, then the vertical angle will coincide with the base for all viewers, and the image will be examined only in azimuth.

If the imaging screen is made in a different way (for example, [7, 8]), then the transformations for Y _iv are also performed 2N times, but the form of expressions (6), (7) will be different in accordance with the applied screen. The derivation of formulas similar to (6), (7) does not present any special difficulties.

- расстояние (Δ) между щелями в паре:
Δ = 2•(Z_v•d-l_o•B)/(Z_v+l_o), (9)
- смещение центра рабочей зоны обтюрационной панели ( δ X_vo) при перемещении зрителей по горизонтали:
δX_v0 = l₀•tgα₀, (10)
где X_j - горизонтальная координата J-го светоинформационного столбца,
l_o - расстояние между информационной матрицей и обтюрационной панелью,
d - шаг развертки информационной матрицы,
X_v и Z_v - азимутальная координата и дальность переносицы зрителя, соответственно,
α_j - горизонтальная компонента текущего пространственного угла между глазом зрителя и j-м светоинформационным столбцом с координатами (X_j,O),
α₀ - горизонтальная компонента пространственного угла между осью Z и прямой, соединяющей переносицу зрителя с центром обтюрационной панели,
Выражения (8) - (10) представляют собой алгоритм связи кадровых разверток информационной матрицы и обтюрационной панели, включая их взаимную первоначальную установку.For an imaging screen, such as the one mentioned above [6], light beams are formed in accordance with the principle of operation of this screen (for example, by means of a shutter forming M pairs of transparent vertical slits and moving these slots synchronously with M • 2N light-information columns on the information matrix) ; in this case, the observation conditions of the three-dimensional image must be fulfilled, namely:
- the position of the center of the slots (X _jo ) is determined from the expression:

- the distance (Δ) between the slots in a pair:
Δ = 2 • (Z _v • dl _o • B) / (Z _v + l _o ), (9)
- the offset of the center of the working area obturation panel (δ X _vo ) when moving the audience horizontally:
δX _v0 = l ₀ • tgα ₀ , (10)
where X _j is the horizontal coordinate of the J-th photoinformation column,
l _o - the distance between the information matrix and obturation panel,
d is the scan step of the information matrix,
X _v and Z _v - azimuthal coordinate and range of the nose of the viewer, respectively,
α _j is the horizontal component of the current spatial angle between the eye of the viewer and the j-th light-information column with coordinates (X _j , O),
α ₀ is the horizontal component of the spatial angle between the Z axis and the straight line connecting the spectator’s nose to the center of the obturation panel,
Expressions (8) - (10) are a communication algorithm for personnel scans of the information matrix and the obturation panel, including their mutual initial installation.

Note that if in expression (9) at least approximately equality holds:
Z _v • d = l _o • B
then the vertex Δ (the distance between the slots in a pair) is zero, that is, a pair of slots is expressed in one slit. This is an advantageous observation condition and it is advisable to use it. To do this, it is proposed to recommend the best viewing distance for the surround image):
Z _v = Z _o = X ⁿ • 2 ¹¹ m,
and the ratio l _o / d choose equal:
l _o / d = X ⁿ • 2 ¹¹ / B
We also note that if the number of viewers is more than one, then two options are possible for the image playback stage:
option 1 - viewers are located at approximately the same distance Z _v from the image screen, then it is possible to play all pairs (2N total) of resource images in parallel);
option 2 - viewers are located at significantly different ranges Z _{v of the} image screen, then it is possible, for example, to alternately play pairs of resource images, which requires N times more speed of the playback screen.

 The above mathematical expressions (8) - (10) are valid for one specific configuration of the reproducing optical system [6], which, according to the author, is preferable. For the final stage of the proposed method, it is possible to use other means of forming an optical image (for example, [7, 8]). In this case, mathematical expressions (8) - (10) will change, but can be deduced without much difficulty, without changing the essence of the proposed technical solution.

 It is clear that the proposed solution allows you to replace the transmission and reception stages with the recording and subsequent playback of the recorded information, since the coordinates of the viewer are not used for recording; unlike the prototype [9], the coordinates of the viewer are taken into account only at the stage of reproduction.

 The proposed technical solution can be implemented both through digital technology and analog technology without fundamentally changing the essence of the image.

The essence of the proposed solution is further illustrated in FIG. 1 - 25, which depict:
FIG. 1 is a functional diagram (sequence of operations) of a known technical solution [9].

 FIG. 2 - functional diagram (sequence of operations) of the proposed method.

 FIG. 3 - a variant of the location of the transmitting cameras is common for both the proposed and well-known technical solutions [9], which provides for looking around the volume image in azimuth.

 FIG. 4 - a variant of the location of the transmitting chambers is common for both the proposed one and the known azimuth when point A is located at infinity.

 FIG. 5 is a generalized block diagram of a device that implements the proposed method.

 FIG. 6 - the location of the transmitting cameras at the observation stage with the number of groups of transmitting cameras equal to three and the number of transmitting cameras in each group equal to three (looking around the volume image only in azimuth).

 FIG. 7 - the general case of the location of transmitting at the observation stage, providing a large-angle viewing of the three-dimensional image both in azimuth and vertical, with the number of groups of transmitting cameras equal to twenty-five (the number of transmitting cameras in each group is not specified).

 FIG. 8 - the permissible location of the transmitting cameras at the observation stage, providing for viewing the three-dimensional image both in azimuth and vertically within small angles (less than ± 0.1 radian), with the number of groups of transmitting cameras equal to nine, and the number of transmitting cameras in each a group equal to three.

 FIG. 9 is a timing chart for the sequence of switching on the transmitting chambers with a uniform azimuthal distribution of nine transmitting chambers (Fig. 3, 4).

FIG. 10 is a timing diagram for turning on nine transmitting cameras combined in three groups (as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6), ensuring compatibility of transmitted signals with standard television signals and viewing the surround image in azimuth; T ₁ and T ₄ - parts of the horizontal scanning period of the transmitting cameras that are not used to record the base frame; T ₂ and T ₃ - used for recording the base frame of the horizontal scanning period of the transmitting cameras.

 FIG. 11 is a timing diagram of the inclusion of twenty-five groups of transmitting cameras over a line duration, (as shown in FIG. 7), providing for viewing a three-dimensional image in azimuth and compatibility of OTV signals with standard television signals.

 FIG. 12 is a timing diagram of the inclusion of five layers (five groups of transmitting cameras in a layer) during the frame time, (as shown in FIG. 7), providing a vertical view of the surround image and compatibility of OTV signals with standard television signals.

 FIG. 13 is a timing diagram of turning on twenty-five groups of transmitting cameras over a line duration, (as shown in FIG. 7), providing for viewing surround images at large angles in azimuth and using an additional standard television channel to transmit the basic frame.

 FIG. 14 is a timing diagram of the inclusion of twenty-five groups of transmitting cameras during the frame duration, (as shown in FIG. 7), providing a vertical view of the surround image at large angles and using an additional standard television channel to transmit the basic frame.

 FIG. 15 - fields of view transmitted by the base frame (A, B, C, D) for the transmitting cameras located in FIG. 6, the basic group of transmitting cameras (a, b, c, d) and the field of view (A, B, b, a) and (d, c, C, D) transmitted by two groups of angles.

FIG. 16 - field of view transmitted by the basic frame (A, B, C, D), standard television frame (a, b, c, d) and field of view transmitted by twenty-five groups of transmitting cameras in one of the plans; the arrangement of the transmission chambers of FIG. 7; the field of view of each i-group of transmitting cameras is shown by the corresponding figure; here:
a _nr , b _nr , c _nr , d _nr - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the near future for the left eye of the viewer;
a _nl , b _nl , c _nl , d _nl - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the near future for the right eye of the viewer;
a _fr , b _fr , c _fr , d _fr - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the background for the left eye of the viewer;
a _fl , b _fl , c _fl , d _fl - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the background for the right eye of the viewer;
FIG. 17 - displacement of the transverse boundaries of the field of view depending on the plan number for an arbitrary position of the viewer V (X _v , Y _v , Z _v ), top view, here;
- L _o R _o - the plane of the imaging screen;
- A point in the center of the observed scene;
- O base point when observing the image;
- O _L and O _R left and right points of perception, corresponding to the leftmost and rightmost pupils of the main transmitting cameras at the stage of recording a three-dimensional image;
- V point of arbitrary position of the eye of the viewer within the viewing angle;
- lines parallel to L _o R _o - the plane of the arrangement of image elements (plans),
solid lines - plan areas visible from the base point, dashed lines - plan areas that can be seen from other points in the field of view;
- V _iL , V _iR - the left and right borders of the i-plan, visible from point V, respectively;
- l _i , r _i - the left and right borders of the i-plan, recorded in the base frame and reproduced by the OTV system;
- l _oi , r _oi - the left and right borders of the i-plan, visible from the base point O.

FIG. 18 - field of view transmitted by the base frame in the near future
(A _n , B _n , C _n , D _n ), in this plan (A _f , B _f , C _f , D _f ) and the plane of the screen of the playback device (Mo, Ro, Lo, No),
a _nc , b _no , c _no , d _no - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the near future for the base point O;
a _nv , b _nv , c _nv , d _nv are the boundaries of the reproduced field in the near plan for an arbitrary point V;
a _fo , b _fo , c _fo , d _fo - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the background for the base point O;
a _fv , b _fv , c _fv , d _fv - the boundaries of the reproduced field in the background for an arbitrary point V.

 FIG. 19 is a machine word format defining an element of a basic frame in a digital way of representing an element of a basic frame.

 FIG. 20 is a signal spectrum of a base frame in an analogue way of representing a base frame element.

 FIG. 21 is a functional diagram of the operation of forming a basic frame.

 FIG. 22 is an optical diagram of a reproducing unit in an embodiment of a reproducing screen with an obturation panel and an information matrix.

 FIG. 23 is an optical diagram illustrating the conversion of pixel addresses taking into account the coordinates of the viewer in a variant of a reproducing screen with an obturation panel and an information matrix (for the derivation of expressions 6 and 7).

 FIG. 24 is an optical diagram explaining the transformation of the coordinates of the slits on the obturation panel, taking into account the coordinates of the viewer in a variant of the reproducing screen with an obturation panel on liquid crystals and an information matrix.

 FIG. 25 is an example of the arrangement of the rectangles of the base frame (solid contours), the displacement of the points P and Q located inside the same rectangle after converting the addresses of the base frame into the field of view, as well as the displacement of the points R and S located in different rectangles after such a transformation (dashed contours )

FIG. 1, 3, 4 and 5 reflect the features of the technical solution, common both for the known method [9] and for the proposed one. All other figures refer only to the proposed solution. As can be seen from a comparison of the functional diagrams of operations as well as Figures 3-12 in the prototype (Fig. 1) and in the proposed method (Fig. 2), even in the operations that are generally named: "placement of transmitting cameras", "selection of current angles", " information transfer "," reproduction of angles ", these operations themselves are carried out in different ways:
- in the operation "placement of the transmitting chambers" in the prototype, only a uniform arrangement of the transmitting chambers with constant convergence of adjacent transmitting chambers is implied; in the proposed solution, the transmitting chambers are placed in groups, and the values of convergence and the distance between adjacent transmitting chambers are equal only within these groups;
- in the operation "selection of current angles" in the prototype, only the pair of transmitting cameras that corresponds to the position of the viewer is turned on, and when transmitting information for the duration of the frame, switching of transmitting cameras is not performed; in the proposed method, each of the transmitting cameras is periodically turned on for the duration of the frame, and when forming the transmitted signals, the coordinates of the viewer are not taken into account, as is the case in the prototype;
- the operation of transmitting video information is also carried out in different ways; in a known solution, a stereo pair is transmitted, in the proposed one, a basic frame;
- the operation of playing back video information (image views) also differs:
- in the prototype reproduces the signals of the stereo pair corresponding to the position of the viewer;
- in the proposed solution, new pixel addresses are formed taking into account both the transmitted information and the measured coordinates of the viewers; the coordinates of the viewer in the prototype are taken into account only for the formation of optical beams and highlight the current angles of the stereo pair; in the proposed solution, these coordinates are used both for the formation of optical beams and for the formation of field fields from the received signals of the base frame.

In addition, the proposed solution added new operations:
- delays of signals and their comparison in order to determine the range of sites - the operations necessary to form the base frame, which is absent, as such, in the prototype;
- Conversion of pixel addresses of the base frame depending on the position of the viewer.

 It is these features of the proposed solution that allow, in contrast to the prototype, not only reproduction in real time, but also recording a three-dimensional image.

 As can be seen from the comparison of FIG. 3, 4 and FIG. 6-8, showing the placement of the transmitting cameras (the direction of their optical axes is shown by arrows in the figures) in both the known and the proposed solutions, the placement and the cyclicity of the operation of the transmitting cameras at the observation stage are performed in different ways. In the prototype, the transmitting chambers are arranged in an arc or in a ruler (see Figs. 3 and 4) at an equal distance from each other and with the same convergence of the optical axes of the adjacent transmitting chambers. For at least a frame period, a pair of adjacent transmitting cameras are operational; other transmitting cameras are disabled during this frame; their connection depends on the position of the viewer.

 In the proposed solution, the transmitting chambers are arranged either in an arc, or in a ruler, or on a spherical surface, while allowing for a uniform (Fig. 3 and 4), and uneven arrangement of the transmitting chambers (Fig. 6 - 8). But in any case, the transmitting cameras are combined into groups of two or three pieces in each group. So in FIG. 6, 7 and 8, respectively, three groups of three transmitting cameras in a group, twenty-five groups of transmitting cameras (the number of transmitting cameras in a group is not specified) and nine groups of three transmitting cameras in a group are shown. If the optical axes of all the transmitting cameras are coplanar (Fig. 6), then this allows, in the future, to inspect the object only in the azimuthal plane. The arrangement of the transmission chambers of FIG. 7 and 8 allows looking around both in the azimuthal and vertical planes.

 In FIG. 7, one basic and twenty-four additional groups of transmitting chambers are placed at different azimuthal and vertical positions, and the position of the pupils and optical axes of all transmitting chambers must satisfy the above conditions (formulas 1-5).

 In FIG. Figure 8 shows a simplified arrangement of nine groups of transmitting chambers with three transmitting chambers in a group, which allows looking around at small angles both in the horizontal and vertical planes, for which six additional groups of transmitting chambers are placed outside the azimuthal (central) plane; while the transmitting chambers are located in inclined planes making up an angle of ± ε with the central plane and are distributed in azimuth by equal angles of ± β. Note that the conditions for the correct placement of the transmitting chambers in this case, generally speaking, are violated, such a simplified arrangement is permissible only in OTV systems providing a small viewing angle (about ± 0.1 radians).

 In all cases considered, including when the transmitting chambers are evenly distributed (Figs. 3 and 4), each group of transmitting chambers is switched on for a certain period of time during a row period, regardless of the position of the viewer.

Unlike the prototype [9], the proposed solution for transmitting the video signal of the basic frame uses not only the time allotted for playing the video image, but also the time during the frame duration when the video information is not transmitted or not reproduced, for example, a part of the time allotted for the reverse horizontal scanning course (about 12 μs in PAL, SECAM standards) not occupied by service signals, as well as part of horizontal and vertical scanning periods during which video information is not played (for example, the first 34 lines in each half frame in the PAL standards, SECAM and non-reproducible forward stroke of the time of line scanning - about 10% T _nx).

In addition, unlike the prototype, in which the type and spectrum of transmitted video signals remain standard, and two standard video channels are used for transmission, the proposed solution changes the waveform and its spectrum (Figs. 18 and 19), and despite the increase in the amount of transmitted information , for the transmission of 1000 angles, only one television channel with a standard frequency band (6 MHz) is enough, and for the transmission of 100000 angles, a television channel with a double frequency band (up to 12 MHz) is enough
In FIG. 9 - 14 are options for cyclograms of the operation of cameras when recording the base frame. In FIG. 9 shows a variant of uniform and alternate use of all nine transmitting chambers located in FIG. 3 and 4 to create a base frame. Note that to transmit additional video information about the elements of the object that are invisible from the base point O, part of the horizontal scanning period (T _ns , see Figs. 9 and 10) is used, which is not busy with video information and service signals, including the irreproducible part of the horizontal scanning forward speed - about 10% T _pc . Such inclusion of transmitting cameras is acceptable in cases where the compatibility of the transmitted signals with standard television signals is not required, since in the described case, the viewing angle of the object jumps into space, which does not happen when transmitting images in existing television systems.

Compatibility for this arrangement of transmitting cameras can be ensured by combining them into groups and synchronizing the inclusion of transmitting cameras in a group, as shown in FIG. 10. The figure shows the forward line interval of the horizontal scan of each transmitting camera (dashed rectangle), in which solid lines indicate time intervals (t ₂ and t ₃ ) when the signals of this transmitting camera are used to form the basic frame. Such a sequence diagram of the operation of the transmitting chambers is also suitable for their uneven spatial arrangement, as shown in FIG. 6 and provides the ability to look around the image in a certain angle ± β in the azimuthal direction.

 In such a sequence diagram, the angle does not change during the time interval of the reproduced part of the forward horizontal scan, and this ensures the compatibility of the signals of the base frame with standard television signals.

 The sequence diagram of the operation of the transmitting chambers, providing an overview of the volumetric image both in azimuth and vertical (the location of the transmitting chambers is shown in Fig. 7) is shown in Figs. 11 - 14. Note that, in contrast to the previously considered cyclograms for individual transmitting cameras, in FIG. 11, 13 are cyclograms of switching on the groups of transmitting cameras along the row period, and in FIG. 12, 14 - cyclograms of switching on the groups of transmitting cameras by the frame period, and the total switching on time of all groups of transmitting cameras on a line corresponds to expressions (2) or (4), and the total switching on time of all groups of transmitting cameras on a frame corresponds to expressions (3) or ( 5).

 The zone observed by the transmitting cameras and the zone of vision of the three-dimensional image are interconnected by relations (2) - (5). This connection consists in rigidly setting the point A (in the observation zone) and the base point O (in the vision zone). Only in the presence of this connection is it ensured that both the similarity of the observed image to the real object and the correspondence of the generated signals to each other along the entire OTV chain.

 If the viewer is positioned so that, for example, his right eye is at the base point O (see Fig. 15), then with this eye he will see an image corresponding to a standard television signal (the boundaries of the horizontal and vertical viewing angles at the stage of observation are indicated by the rectangle abcd, hatched in the figure).

 When the viewer is shifted in azimuth, for example, to the right, when looking around, the points located closer to the point A, in some j-plan, will shift to the left and take a new position, for example, within the efgh boundaries. This displacement of the points will be the greater, the greater the difference in their distance from the zero plan. Points lying in the zero plane (recall that the zero plane is a surface containing point A during recording and the surface of the monitor screen of a three-dimensional image during playback) will remain in their places (rectangle abcd) for any angle. Points located farther than point A in some k-plan will shift to the right and take up new positions, for example, the position klmn.

 In this case, the volume and quality of video information perceived by each eye will correspond to the television standard, but in content it will differ from the video information perceived at point O. By the sum of two fields that differ for each eye, the viewer will see a three-dimensional image corresponding to its azimuthal position.

 Note that with large deviations of the viewer from the base point O, some elements of the three-dimensional image located outside the zero plan can go beyond the rectangle ABCD. In this case, they will leave the field of view and become invisible to the viewer.

If the transmitting chambers are arranged as shown in FIG. 7, and the sequence diagram of their inclusion satisfies that shown in FIG. 11 and 12, then looking around is possible when the viewer is shifted relative to the base point O not only in azimuth, but also vertically (see Fig. 16). Greek letters indicate the spatial zones of the object’s viewing angles (the base zone β ₀ = φ, ε ₀ = θ and the additional zones β _i and ε _i , where i = 1-4).

FIG. 16 illustrates the two-dimensional displacement of the fields of view by the viewer. If the viewer is located at an arbitrary point V, shifted to the left and upward at an arbitrary position of the head (let the right eye of the viewer is further shifted to the right and upward by B), then the viewing areas will occupy the positions
- for the zero plan - the shaded rectangle abcd;
- for any near j-plan - shift to the right and down (platform a _n1 , b _n1 , c _n1 , d _n1 for the left eye and platform a _nr , b _nr , c _nr , d _nr for the right eye);
- for any distant k-plan - an offset to the left and up (platform a _f1 , b _f1 , c _f1 , d _f1 for the left eye and platform a _fr , b _fr , c _fr , d _fr for the right eye).

 When moving the viewer, the field of vision will also move and occupy, respectively, for the left and right eyes some new boundaries. In this case, the amount of video information perceived by each eye will correspond to the amount of video information of a standard flat signal taken from the corresponding angle. By the sum of two flat fields that are different for each eye, the viewer will get the impression of a three-dimensional image and the ability to look around both in azimuth and in vertical direction. If the viewer shifts so much that some of the elements of the three-dimensional image located in the distant or close plans go beyond the rectangle ABCD, then the viewer will not see these elements.

FIG. 17 illustrates the dependence of the magnitude of the displacement of the fields of view for different plans at an arbitrary position of the viewer. At the stage of forming the basic frame, the transmitting cameras were located so (see Fig. 6) that they overlapped some additional sector of vision in azimuth. The boundaries of the possible reproduction of field views for different plans:
l _0i , r _0i - boundaries visible from the base point O, solid lines;
l _i - the left border of the field of view, visible from point O ₁ for the i-th plan, dashed lines;
r _i - the right border of the field of view, visible from the point O _r for the i-th plan, dashed lines;
V _il , V _ir - boundaries visible from an arbitrary point V, solid lines;
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1 ', 2' - consecutive numbers of plans.

 Fig 17 qualitatively shows the increase in the magnitude of the shift of the boundaries of the field of view as the reproduced element leaves the zero plan (screen plane, line Lo, Ro).

FIG. 18 shows qualitatively:
two-dimensional distribution of image elements of the base frame:
- M ₀ , R ₀ , L ₀ , N ₀ - for the zero plan;
- A _n , B _n , C _n , D _n - for the near plan;
- A _f , B _f , C _f , D _f - for the background;
two-dimensional distribution of basic elements of the image:
- a _no , b _no , c _no , d _no - for the near plan;
- a _fo , b _fo , c _fo , d _fo - for the background;
two-dimensional distribution of image elements from an arbitrary angle:
- a _nv , b _nv , c _nv , d _nv - for the near plan;
- a _fn , b _fn , c _fn , d _fn - for the background.

Note that the amount of transmitted video information in the base frame of the proposed method exceeds the amount of information contained in a standard television frame in all three dimensions:
- the azimuthal angle of vision of the object,
- the vertical angle of the object,
- the amount of information describing the element of observation of the object; for example, an elementary clocked video signal is complicated by the presence of the range signal of this element in it. When performing the method using digital techniques, a machine word describing one element of the basic frame is shown in FIG. 19. This word differs from the machine word used in standard digital systems by the availability of additional information about the plan number in which this element is located.

Excessive, in comparison with a standard television frame, information on each of the measurements can be transmitted in various ways:
- to expand the azimuthal angle of view of the object, use part of the horizontal scanning period, not busy playing video information and service signals;
- to expand the vertical angle of view of the object, use part of the frame time that is not used to play video information.

To transmit additional information describing each element of the observed object, in particular, to transmit information about the range of the element, use the well-known quadrature modulation method, followed by the standard television signal with a range subcarrier F _nd = 1.5 MHz located in the low-frequency part of the spectrum. A similar method is used in standard television to transmit information about the color of the observed object and to ensure compatibility of color and black and white reproduction. The spectrum of transmitted video signals in the proposed method is shown in FIG. 20.

 In detail, the operation of forming the base frame is shown in FIG. 21. Note that at any current time in the formation of the basic frame is involved in one group of transmitting cameras. Also recall that one of the transmitting cameras is the main one. For definiteness, we assume that in the group of 3 transmitting cameras, the central one is the main one, and the other two are the left and right additional ones.

 The video signals from the output of the main transmitting camera are delayed tactlessly and at each delay cycle, the pairs are compared in pairs with the video signals of the additional transmitting cameras, which are also delayed, but for a constant number of clock cycles. Comparison is made for two pairs of video signals: the main with the left additional, and the main with the right additional. Let the maximum number of delay cycles of the video signals of the main transmitting camera be P. In the future, this number will be determined by the number of distinguishable plans in the three-dimensional image. It is advisable to make the value of the constant delay of the video signals of both additional transmitting cameras close to P / 2 clocks. Comparison of video signals can be made, for example, separately for each of the selected color (red, green and blue). If in both pairs of the compared video signals all of the components of the video signal (or at least two of the three) coincide, a signal is added to a clock signal that is added to the video signals of the main transmitting camera on the same clock cycle. The magnitude of this signal is proportional to the number of the beat at which the match occurred.

The implementation of the proposed method
The previous examples described in detail the possible ways of implementing the proposed method. Once again, we list these examples:
Example N 1. Nine transmission chambers with optical axes arranged fan-shaped or parallel to each other (Fig. 3 and 4, respectively). The cycle diagram of their operation is shown in FIG. 9.

 Example N 3. Three cameras in a group. All three groups are located in one plane (Fig. 6). The cycle diagram of their operation is shown in FIG. ten.

 In all of the above examples, it is provided by looking around the image only in the azimuthal plane.

 Example No. 4. Twenty-five groups of transmission chambers (Fig. 7), five groups located on each of the five conical surfaces. The cycle diagram of their operation is shown in FIG. 11 and 12.

 Example No. 5. Nine groups of cameras, three cameras in a group (Fig. 8).

 The last two examples provide looking both in azimuth and vertically.

FIG. 5 reflects a generalized device explaining the proposed method, in which are indicated:
1 - block observation of the object,
2 - shaper base frame,
3 - block recording and / or transmission of the generated image,
4 - timer
5 - tuner
6 - decoder,
7 - reproducing screen,
8 - coordinator.

 Implementing the proposed method, the device operates as follows. The observation unit (1) provides the necessary arrangement of the transmitting cameras, the cyclic nature of the work, as well as the selection of the current base view. The base frame former (2) converts the signals from the selected group of transmitting cameras into the form shown in FIG. 18 - 19. These signals are recorded in digital or analog form or transmitted over the corresponding transmission channel using the recording and / or transmission unit (3). The operation of the transmitting part of the OTV system is clocked by a timer (4).

 The transmitted signals are perceived by the tuner (5) in the receiving part of the OTV system, are decoded in the decoder (6) taking into account the coordinates of the audience determined by the coordinator (8) and are displayed on the screen (7).

 Various embodiments of the devices are possible, but no matter how they are performed, they will necessarily contain the blocks indicated in FIG. 5. The specific implementation of the individual blocks in the present description is not considered.

 In FIG. 20 shows a reproducing screen 7, selected by the author as the most preferred for the implementation of the proposed method. The screen 7 consists of two parts - the light-information matrix 10 and the shutter 11. As the light-information matrix 10, conventional two-dimensional displays can be used: a kinescope, a liquid crystal panel, a reproducible panel based on field emission, a gas-dynamic panel, etc. As a shutter 11 can be used: a mechanical screen with moving vertical slots, a liquid crystal or other panel made with the ability to control the position of transparent vertical slots on an opaque background.

 In such a screen 7, each eye of the viewer (the right eye 12 and the left eye 13) will see its own individual set of light-information columns, on the surface of the light-information matrix 10 through the slots of the obturator 11. The right eye 12 will be through the slots 17 (dashed lines on the surface of the obturator 11) set light-information columns 15, and the left eye 13 will see through the slots 16 (solid lines 16 on the surface of the shutter 11) a set of light-information columns 14. During the frame, light-information columns 14 for the left eye 13 of the viewer and the slit 16 of the shutter 1 1 run through all positions from the original to the position of its neighboring column (with the same numbers 14 and 16, respectively). During the same time, the light information columns 15 for the right eye 12 of the viewer and the slit 17 of the shutter 11 run through all positions from the original to the position of their column (with the same numbers 15 and 17, respectively). In this case, each eye of the viewer will receive its individual information corresponding to its location.

 With a uniform alternation of columns for the left 13 and right 12 eyes of the viewer, which is convenient for carrying out a frame scan, in FIG. 27 shows the relative position of the elements of the reproducing screen 7, when it is cut by a horizontal plane to explain the transformations according to formulas 6-8.

Let the flat reproducing screen 7 made, for example, based on liquid crystals [6] be used in the reproducing device. As mentioned above, this screen can be represented as consisting of MxN rectangles. Let inside this i-rectangle to a point _{C o (X wo, Y wo} , O) is projected from the reference point _{O (O, O, Z o} ) three-dimensional element voxel - point _{W (X w, Y w,} Z w) ( see Fig. 24). The basic frame in the aggregate of the transmitted information contains the coordinates of the transmitted elements (points), including the coordinates of the point C _o (X _wo , Y _wo , O). The same point W (X _w , Y _w , Z _w ) when observing it from an arbitrary point V (X _v , Y _v , Z _v ) must be projected to another place on the screen, to the point C _v (X _wv , Y _wv , O ) Its displacement will occur along with other points of the i-th rectangle without changing their relative position inside the i-th rectangle.

The conversion of the coordinates of the point C _o to the point C _{v is} carried out in accordance with formulas 11 and 12.

X _wv = (Z _v X _wo (Z _o -Z _w ) - X _v Z _w Z _o / (Z _o (Z _v -Z _w )) (11)
Y _wv = (Z _v X _wo (Z _o -Z _w ) - Y _v Z _w Z _o / (Z _o (Z _v -Z _w )), (12)
where X _v , Y _v and Z _v - the coordinates of one pupil of the viewer (point V);
X _wo and Y _wo are the coordinates of the projection of the point W (X _w , Y _w, Z _w ) from the base point O onto the information screen;
X _w , Y _w , Z _w - spatial coordinates of the point W (X _w , Y _w , Z _w ) of the object;
O, O, Z _o - coordinates of the base point O.

As mentioned above, all points inside this rectangle, including the point W, receive the same offset without changing the relative position inside the i-th rectangle, therefore, the point W will shift by the same amount as the center of the i-th rectangle, i.e. by the value X _wv - X _wo along the horizontal axis and by the value Y _wv - Y _wo along the vertical axis.

Note that when converting coordinates, it is possible to screen the i-th rectangle of another j-th rectangle located further from the viewer. In FIG. 28 this fact is reflected by the screening of the point T (X _t , Y _t , Z _t ) located inside the j-th rectangle, which was visible from the base point O and projected to the point C _to .

 FIG. 25 illustrates the process of transferring points both within the same rectangle (points P and Q does not change their relative position), and located in different rectangles (points R and S change their relative position after coordinate transformation).

We have tested a number of options, in particular, depicted in the sequence of operations of FIG. 2. The placement of the transmission chambers was carried out in accordance with FIG. 6 and 7. As a reproducing device 3, a kinescope 10 with a size of 51 cm and an obturation panel on liquid crystals 11 were used. For this case, the following results were obtained:
- the percentage of the correct determination of the pixel plan number is 95%;
- Ensured image compatibility with the existing PAL standard;
- the viewing angle was ± 5 ^o both in the azimuthal and vertical directions;
- distortion of the proportions of the object during its reproduction was not observed;
- Images of the landscape were recorded both on a standard video cassette (VHS type), and directly in the memory of a computer such as IBM 486.

 Thus, as a result of the proposed technical solution, the perception of a three-dimensional image inherent in a person is achieved with the possibility of looking around an object in a wide viewing angle with smooth looking and in the absence of distortion of proportions and perspective in the image of the observed object.

 In addition, it is possible to record three-dimensional images and transfer them via conventional monoscopic television channels, including channels of standard television broadcasting.

 In principle, it is possible to control a three-dimensional image and obtain specific effects necessary to solve the problems of design, theater, and in the future to create interactive devices in the OTV system.

 According to preliminary estimates, the cost of a reproducing device that implements the proposed method should not exceed a standard television receiver by more than 2 - 2.5 times.

Sources of information
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 3. Omura K., Tetsutany N., Kisino F. Lenticular stereoscopic display sistem with eye-position tracking and without special-equipment needs. SID 94 Digest, p. 187-190, 1994.

 4. T. Kanai. Head-Driven Pointing Device, Fujitsu LTD, Japan Patent N 6-187092 (A) 8.7.1994, Int. Cl. G 06 F 3/033.

 5. Tetsutany N. Nagashima Y., Tomono A., Kisino F. Stereoscopic display method employing eye-position tracking. Proc. of International Symp. on 3D Techs and Arts (Totyo), p. 101-107, 1992.

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Claims (9)

 1. The method of surround television (OTV), including observing an object with a set of transmitting cameras, the number of which is two or more, forming angles by clocking and switching the signals of transmitting cameras, transmitting and receiving video signals, converting the received video signals into an optical image of the field of view taking into account the spatial position of the eyes viewer by measuring their coordinates relative to the center of the reproducing screen, characterized in that the observation of the object is carried out by groups of transmitting cameras, arched on a spherical surface, while both uniform and uneven arrangement of the transmitting cameras is allowed, at the stage of formation, a basic frame is formed, consisting of a set of fields of transmitting cameras and reflecting the spatial arrangement of the elements of the observed object and representing a set of clocked signals consisting of address and information parts, where the information part reflects the brightness and color of the elements of the observed signal, the address part is the sequence of signals in b call frame, at the same time, a signal is sent to the address part about the range of the object element, for which the video signal groups of the transmitting cameras are switched periodically, with periods of both frame and line scan, in each group of transmitting cameras, in a given order and for a specified time interval of these, they are taken as the main one, and the rest as additional ones, the video signals of the main transmitting camera are delayed by a multiple of the duration of the signal describing the element of the object, while the multiplicity is set based on the condition observation, the clock delay of the video signals of the main transmitting camera is carried out during the operation of this group, the video signals of the additional transmitting cameras in the group are compared in pairs with the delayed video signals of the main transmitting camera and the clocks are selected at which the color and brightness parameters of the video signals coincide, the range is determined as a parameter associated with the delay number of the video signals of the main transmitting camera, at which the parameters of the compared video signals coincided, transmitted I / O signals are recorded and / or recorded by transmitting and / or recording the signals of the base frame; during playback, only the address part of the base frame is converted, taking into account the range signals, taking into account the spatial coordinates of the eyes of each viewer, in the absence of coordinate conversion, the address part of the base frame allows you to observe image only from a specific base point 0. 2. The surround television method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the monitoring stage at least one group of transmitting cameras and two transmitting cameras are used in the group, transmitting cameras are arranged equidistant from the object, and their optical axes are set to intersect at one point A, selected in the zone of observation of the object, while in each group of cameras the following conditions are met:
δ = (B / L _o = D / h (radian),
ε / θ = t ₁ / t _vk ,
β / φ = (t _ox -T) / t _px
where B is the distance between the eyes of the viewer, m;
L ₀ is the specified standard distance from the center of the screen of the reproducing device to the base point 0 selected in the image observation zone, m;
D is the distance between the centers of the pupils of the transmitting cameras, m;
L is the distance from the transmitting cameras to point A, m;
δ is the convergence angle (the angle between the optical axes of adjacent cameras), rad;
ε is the vertical viewing angle, rad;
θ is the vertical viewing angle of the camera, rad;
β - viewing angle in azimuth, rad;
φ is the angle at which the camera sees the object in azimuth, rad;
T - part of the flyback time occupied by service signals, s;
t ₁ - time frame scan, not occupied by video information in a standard television frame, s;
t _VK - time frame scan occupied by reproduction in a standard television frame, s;
t _oh - flyback time, s;
t _PX - time forward line scan, sec.  3. The method of surround television according to claim 2, characterized in that if there are two transmitting cameras in the group, the centers of their pupils are located on a line parallel to the horizontal direction of scanning.  4. The method of surround television according to claim 2, characterized in that if there are more than two transmitting cameras in the group, the centers of their pupils are located on a line similar to the direction of that part of the horizontal scan to which this group of transmitting cameras is included.  5. The method of surround television according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching of the signals of the camera groups vertically is performed with a frame frequency, and in azimuth with a horizontal frequency.  6. The method of surround television according to claim 1, characterized in that the base frame is recorded on a video information medium with subsequent playback of the surround image from this medium.  7. The surround television method according to claim 1, characterized in that the field of the basic frame is divided into equal rectangles containing K xh elements, and each rectangle is assigned the same range value, where K ≥ 1 is the number of elements in the rectangle along lines, and L ≥ 1 - the number of lines occupied by the rectangle, and the coordinates of the rectangles of the base frame are recounted during playback without changing the arrangement of elements inside the rectangles. 8. The method of surround television according to claim 1, characterized in that when using a combination of a light-information matrix and a liquid crystal panel with a traveling slit located between the viewer and the information matrix as a reproducing screen, light beams are formed by spatial optical obturation of the light-information flows in pairs of transparent vertical slots on an opaque screen, and moving these slots synchronously with the photo information columns of the vertical frame, and the position Centralized pair of slits (X _j0) is determined from the expression

distance between slots in pair
Δ = 2 • (Z _v • d-lo • B) / (Z _v + lo),
displacement of the center of the working area of the obturation panel (X _V0 ) when moving the viewer horizontally
X _vo = lo • tgα _o ,
where X _j is the horizontal coordinate of the j-th photoinformation column, m;
l ₀ is the distance between the information matrix and the obturation panel, m;
d is the scan step of the information matrix, m;
X _V , Z _V - azimuthal coordinate and range of the viewer, respectively, m;
2B = 64 mm - the distance between the eyes of the viewer;
α _j is the horizontal component of the current spatial angle between the eye of the viewer and the j-th vertical traveling slit having coordinates (X _j , l ₀ ) on the obturation panel, rad;
α _o is the horizontal component of the spatial angle between the Z axis and the straight line connecting the spectral nose to the center of the obturation panel, rad. 9. The method of surround television according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordinate transformation of the address part of the base frame for the reproduced point W (X _W , Y _W , Z _W ) of the object is carried out in accordance with the expression
X _WV = (Z _V X _W0 (Z ₀ - Z _W ) - X _V Z _W Z ₀ ) / (Z ₀ (Z _V - Z _W ))
Y _WV = (Z _V Y _W0 (Z ₀ - Z _W ) - Y _V Z _W Z ₀ ) / (Z ₀ (Z _V - Z _W ))
where X _V , Y _V , Z _V - coordinates of one pupil of the viewer (point V);
X _W0 , Y _W0 - the coordinates of the projection of the point W (X _W , Y _W , Z _W ) from the base point 0 on the information screen;
0, 0, Z ₀ - coordinates of the base point 0.

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