RU2156885C1 - Wind-driven power plant of rotational type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering, generation of electric energy by unconventional method. SUBSTANCE: in proposed wind-driven power plant having wind turbine in working conduit with contraction across inlet and diffuser across outlet kinematically coupled by rotating shaft to electric generator electric generator is installed in agreement with invention outside of plant. Self-adjusting wind turbine rotates with constant speed independent of change of wind velocity and is installed in working conduit as one unit with diffuser and contraction whose side surface carries valves for automatic release of superfluous air provided by heavy gusts of wind. Conical air dissector with directing plates made fast to its surface which impart wind stream with rotation at definite angle is put on axis of wind turbine. Wind-driven power plant is placed on common rotary platform with tail group and rotation unit that protects vertical axis of rotary platform against misalignment and locking of shaft of wind turbine passed inside it and kinematically coupled to electric generator. EFFECT: simplified design, enhanced efficiency of utilization of wind energy and widened power range. 1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of energy, and in particular to devices for generating electricity in an unconventional way. To generate electricity, this wind power plant uses wind power.

 The applicant knows the closest analogues (prototypes) of the claimed invention as being closest to him in the aggregate of essential features.

1. This analogue is a well-known horizontal-axial blade wind turbine with full rotation around a vertical axis for trapping wind using the tail unit, converting the translational movement of the wind into rotational motion of the blades and the output shaft, the direction of which changes from horizontal to vertical using a bevel gear . Due to the fundamental and design features (using the energy of the scattered wind flow using a bladed installation of open action), it has the following disadvantages:
- working wind speed not lower than 12-14 m / s,
- large dimensions of the blades and bulkiness of the structure,
- the high cost of its construction,
- low efficiency of wind energy use,
- a difficult solution to the stabilization of the rotation speed of the generator when the wind speed changes.

Positive qualities are:
- the ability to automatically capture the wind without the use of complex control devices,
- a relatively simple design,
- does not require large operating costs,
- Does not use electricity for own work.

 2. The applicant knows the other closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention as the one closest to him in the aggregate of essential features (wind power plant - RF Patent N 1783144).

 The main difference between this analogue and a bladed wind turbine is the presence of powerful wind accelerators, which are a confuser that collects a low-speed wind stream over a large area and, by reducing the cross-sectional area, converts it into a compact, high-speed wind stream that rotates a wind turbine.

The disadvantages of this wind power plant:
- the bulkiness and complexity of the design, the high cost of construction,
- due to the branching and large length of the working channels, large losses of wind flow energy on aerodynamic drag at high speeds,
- constructive and operational complexity of using electroautomatics and microprocessors for synchronous control of inlet and outlet air inlet devices,
- the inability to use this type of installation to obtain low power of several kW,
- uses electricity for his own work,
- requires constant maintenance.

Positive qualities are:
- the principle of using confuser to obtain a high-speed and energy-intensive wind flow,
- the ability to increase the efficiency of the installation through the use of a wind turbine and a diffuser.

The task of the invention is to develop the principle and design of a wind power installation with the following qualities:
- efficient use of energy from a diffuse low-speed wind flow,
- simplicity of design and relatively small dimensions,
- a wide range of power generated electricity,
- the ability to work in light and medium winds at a speed of 5-10 m / s,
- the ability to use this installation as industries and the public,
- reliability and durability of components and equipment,
- low capital and operating costs,
- low cost of electricity generated,
- high degree of automation and protection against accidents,
- lack of electrical controls and regulation.

The technical result of this invention is a wind power installation with the following qualities:
- a compact, small-sized, fully rotatable design around the vertical axis, automatically catching the wind from any side,
- high efficiency of wind energy use,
- a power range from several kW to several thousand kW with a working wind speed of 5-10 m / s,
- a design that is easy to manufacture and maintain, without complex, and therefore unreliable components and devices,
- Designed for manufacturing and assembly in workshops using only two industrial products - a wind turbine and an electric generator,
- does not require constant maintenance, since all its work is fully automated,
- has low capital costs for construction and low cost of generated electricity,
- equipped with effective protection of its building structure from the damaging effects of strong winds,
- depending on the purpose and place of use, the proposed wind power installation can be performed:
a) in a stationary version - on the roof of a house or building structure, on separate supports,
b) in the mobile version - on supports installed on a mobile platform transported in any way to the destination.

 This task is achieved by the fact that the proposed wind power installation uses the principle of converting a diffused wind stream into a compact high-speed stream by a confuser and, giving it a rotational movement, feeds it directly to the blades of a self-regulating wind turbine that has a device for stabilizing the speed of rotation regardless of the change in wind speed and installed in working channel in a single unit with a diffuser and confuser. Thus, the energy consumption of the wind flow is significantly increased, its loss on aerodynamic drag is reduced, which increases the efficiency. This is also facilitated by the installation of a diffuser at the outlet and the ability to automatically pick up wind from either side, since all the equipment is compactly placed on a common turntable having a tail. To protect its axis of rotation from skew during strong winds and to prevent jamming of the output shaft of the wind turbine passing through it to a power generator located outside the installation, a special device is provided - a rotation unit.

On the side surface of the confuser, automatic valves for emergency relief of excess air with strong gusts of wind are installed and thereby the dynamic load on the axis of the turntable is reduced, the conditions for smooth auto-regulation of the speed of rotation of the wind turbine are improved. A conical air divider is installed along the central axis of the confuser, on the surface of which guide plates are rigidly fixed, which impart rotational movement to the wind flow at a strictly defined angle. The air diffuser smoothly reduces the cross-sectional area of the confuser and closes the conical gear pair and the end of the wind turbine from the frontal dynamic pressure of the high-speed wind flow, reducing its aerodynamic drag. Obtaining a technical result is possible only due to:
- use of an energy source - a high-speed, energy-intensive wind stream having rotational-translational motion at a strictly defined angle,
- small losses in aerodynamic drag,
- use of a self-regulating wind turbine.

 The drawing shows a device of a wind power installation.

It contains:
1. Confuser
2. Emergency vent valve
3. Air divider
4. Guide plates
5. Bevel gear pair
6. Working channel
7. Wind turbine shaft
8. Wind turbine
9. A device for automatically adjusting the speed of rotation of a wind turbine.

10. Diffuser
11. Tail
12. Turntable
13. The rotation node
14. Fixed platform
15. The axis of rotation
16. Prop
17. Rolling bearing
18. V-belt drive
19. Electricity generator
Wind power installation works as follows.

 An external wind enters the confuser 1. If the wind is strong, the emergency air release valves 2 open and part of the air leaves, the remaining part passes the air divider 3, is compressed and is converted into a high-speed flow by reducing the cross-section of the confuser, which, having received rotational motion due to guide plates 4, through the working channel 6 falls on the blades of a self-regulating wind turbine 8, having a device for automatically controlling the speed of rotation 9.

 Using a bevel gear pair 5, the shaft 7 changes direction from horizontal to vertical. The working channel 6 ends with a diffuser 10, which not only closes the device for automatic regulation of the speed of rotation of the wind turbine 9, but also increases the efficiency of the turbine by reducing the dynamic pressure of the wind flow at the output. All equipment is mounted on a rotary platform 12 having a hollow axis of rotation 15, through which the shaft 7 passes from the wind turbine 8 to the electric generator 19. Using the tail unit 11 and the rotation unit 13, the rotary platform 12 is rotated on rollers on the surface of the fixed platform 14, mounted on a support 16. The connection of the output shaft 7 with the shaft of the generator 19 is made through a V-belt transmission 18, which allows you to precisely select the gear ratio for the rotation speed of the generator. The fixed support 16 can be installed both on the ground or on a building structure - in a stationary version, and on a mobile platform - in a mobile version. The dimensions of the confuser, wind turbines and the type of electric generator are selected for the required output power.

Claims (2)

 1. A wind power installation having a wind turbine in the working channel with a confuser at the inlet and a diffuser at the output, kinematically connected by a rotating shaft to an electric generator, characterized in that the electric generator is located outside the installation, the wind turbine is self-regulating with a constant rotation speed regardless of the change in wind speed and is installed in the working channel in a single unit with a diffuser and a confuser, on the side of which there are automatic valves for emergency relief of excess air with strong wind gusts, and on its axis there is a conical air divider with guide plates rigidly fixed on its surface, giving the wind flow rotation at a certain angle, and the power plant itself is placed on a common rotary platform having a tail unit and a rotation unit protecting the vertical axis of the rotary platform from distortion, as well as from jamming of the wind turbine shaft passing inside it, kinematically connected with the electric generator.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is placed on a mobile platform.