RU2155718C2 - Plant for reduction of mineralization and decontamination of potable water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plants for reduction of mineralization and decontamination of potable water. SUBSTANCE: plant includes electrolytic reactor whose length is equal to L=(20 to 30)t, where t=(0.08 to 0.16) (U) mm and U is magnitude of voltage at cathode and anode, V; mounted in housing are first and second anodes, cathode and first and second diaphragms; relative position and sizes of plant members make it possible to change mineralization of water from 150 mg/l to 10 mg/l; electrolytic oxidation at anode destroys organic and chloroorganic substances in water and microorganisms of all types and forms which decompose into element components which are not toxic and absolutely harmless. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The proposed installation to reduce the mineralization and disinfection of drinking water relates to the field of post-treatment of drinking water and can be used to obtain environmentally friendly and biologically valuable drinking water.

 A variety of filtration and sorption water purification systems and water purification systems are known that purify water through redox reactions in electrochemical and catalytic reactors. Filtration and sorption water purification systems have the following disadvantages: they have large dimensions and weight, they do not allow sufficient purification and desalination of water. The most effective are plants that use unipolar electrolytic disinfection (destruction of microorganisms of all types and forms), electrolytic oxidation of harmful substances (phenols, organochlorine compounds, active chlorine) and neutralization of heavy metal ions. A number of such installations are known: Emerald (1) (the installation was issued a certificate of the State Standard of Russia dated 04.22.1994 N Ross. RU. 0001. B001 129). In Emerald, the main stages of water purification are anodic electrolytic and electrocatalytic oxidation in the anode chamber of an electrolytic reactor, electrocatalytic and chemical oxidation in an intermediate vortex reaction vessel, and then electrolytic and electrocatalytic reduction in the cathode chamber of the same electrolytic reactor. The disadvantage of this installation is that the installation does not reduce the salinity of the water and has expensive electrodes from special sparingly soluble materials and that the metal from the dissolved anode and cathode is in drinking water. Known installations for desalination using electrodialysis. This is the name of the process of separation of anions from salt cations under the influence of an electric field. The entire space of the electrodialyzer is divided into two parts by two barrier membranes. Electrodes are placed in two side compartments. Under the influence of an electric field, the ions of salts in water come in an ordered movement and are directed to the corresponding electrodes, and desalinated water can be taken from the space between the electrodes. The disadvantage of these types of devices is that they do not disinfect drinking water. An analogue of the proposed installation for reducing the mineralization and disinfection of drinking water is a water desalination plant using electrodialysis described in (2) D. Lazarev "Electron and Chemical Processes", pp. 106-108, ed. "Chemistry", Leningrad, 1984

 The aim of the present invention is the construction of a device that reduces mineralization and provides disinfection of drinking water.

мм, где U - значение напряжения на аноде и катоде в вольтах, второй анод и катод установлены снаружи перегораживающих мембран и расстояние между ними вдоль оси реактора от первого анода линейно увеличивается от значения, равного 1,5t, до значения, равного 3t, длина электрохимического реактора L=(10...20)t, длина первого анода равна (3...5)t.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation for reducing the mineralization of drinking water containing a flowing electrochemical reactor, an anode, a cathode and two barrier membranes, in a flowing electrochemical reactor of length L, the first and second anodes and the cathode are installed along its axis, the first anode is installed between the membranes on the distance from one of the membranes equal to t / 2, the distance between the membranes and the distance between the first anode and cathode is t, while

mm, where U is the voltage value at the anode and cathode in volts, the second anode and cathode are installed outside the barrier membranes and the distance between them along the axis of the reactor from the first anode linearly increases from a value of 1.5 t to a value of 3 t, the length of the electrochemical reactor L = (10 ... 20) t, the length of the first anode is (3 ... 5) t.

 The essential features that distinguish the claimed device from the prototype are determined by its design. The relative position, size and composition of the elements included in the inventive device are finally determined experimentally and make it possible to build a plant for reducing the mineralization and disinfection of drinking water, which acquires increased biological value and acquires the taste of good spring water.

 The drawing shows a sketch of the proposed installation to reduce the mineralization and disinfection of drinking water. The dimensions and relative position of the elements indicated on the drawing are finally determined experimentally on the mock-ups of the claimed installation.

мм, где U - значение напряжения в вольтах на катоде и аноде первой 3 и второй 7 мембран, расположенных вдоль и симметрично относительно стенок камеры электролитического реактора, длина мембран равна длине стенок камеры реактора и расстояние между мембранами равно t; первого анода 5 длиной (3...5)t, расположенного между мембранами на расстоянии от второй мембраны 7, равном 0,5t; второго анода 2 длиной L=(20...30)t- (3...3)t, который расположен между первой мембраной 3 и стенкой камеры реактора 1, и расстояние от второго анода 2 до продольной оси камеры реактора вдоль этой оси (от первого анода 5) линейно увеличивается от 0,5t до 1,5t; катода 6, который расположен между второй мембраной и стенкой корпуса реактора 1, расстояние от первого анода 5 до катода 6 равно t и расстояние от катода 6 до второго анода 2 вдоль оси реактора, от входа к выходу, линейно увеличивается от 1,5t до 3t.Installation for reducing mineralization and disinfection consists of an electrochemical reactor chamber 1 of length L = (20 ... 30) t, where

mm, where U is the voltage in volts at the cathode and anode of the first 3 and second 7 membranes located along and symmetrically relative to the walls of the chamber of the electrolytic reactor, the length of the membranes is equal to the length of the walls of the reactor chamber and the distance between the membranes is t; the first anode 5 of length (3 ... 5) t, located between the membranes at a distance from the second membrane 7, equal to 0.5t; the second anode 2 of length L = (20 ... 30) t- (3 ... 3) t, which is located between the first membrane 3 and the wall of the reactor chamber 1, and the distance from the second anode 2 to the longitudinal axis of the reactor chamber along this axis (from the first anode 5) linearly increases from 0.5t to 1.5t; the cathode 6, which is located between the second membrane and the wall of the reactor vessel 1, the distance from the first anode 5 to the cathode 6 is t and the distance from the cathode 6 to the second anode 2 along the axis of the reactor, from entrance to exit, increases linearly from 1.5t to 3t .

Installation works as follows:
Tap water through the inlet enters the chamber of the electrochemical reactor and, after filling it with water, a constant voltage source is turned on. The electrochemical chamber is functionally divided into two zones. Two electrodes are installed in the first zone: the 1st anode and the cathode, separated by one membrane. Each microvolume of water flowing in the region of the first anode is in contact with the surface of the electrodes and is exposed to an electric field, while water is saturated for a fraction of a second with short-lived, highly active oxidizing agents of chlorine and oxygen. Their concentration depending on the salinity and speed of the water flow can vary from 15 to 150 mg / l, while the electrolytic oxidation at the anode is destroyed by organic and organochlorine substances in the water and microorganisms of all types and forms are destroyed, breaking up into simple components: non-toxic and completely safe .

 Near the first anode, oxygen is saturated with water and the decay products become polar, and the structural network of hydrogen bonds between water molecules loosens, disordered, which facilitates its use by cells of living organisms and accelerates the removal of biological slag. Along the first anode, due to the symmetrical position of the diaphragm, the entire flow of water is divided into anolyte and catholyte. In this case, due to migration, cations move to the cathode and are immediately removed. In the cathode space, direct electrolytic and electrocatalytic reduction of multiply charged heavy metal cations occurs, which reduces the toxicity of water due to the presence of heavy metal ions by a thousand times.

 In the second functional zone, two membranes are installed between the second anode and cathode. In the space between the second anode and cathode, under the influence of an electric field, ions and polarized decay products obtained in the first zone come into ordered motion. Ions of calcium, sodium, magnesium, hydrogen move to the cathode. In this case, OH- ions will prevail in the cathode space, and chloride and hydroxide anions will move into the anode space. And therefore, water is concentrated in the anode space with a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, salt water is concentrated in the cathode space, and purified and disinfected water remains between the first and second diaphragms. In the installation, water from the cathode and anode spaces is discharged and drained. Water moving up along the installation axis due to migration shifts of electrolysis products, gradually gets rid of harmful impurities and is saturated with oxygen.

 Unlike the analogue in the Emerald installation, in which purified water has a low level of mineralization reduction, and purified water, regardless of the connection scheme, is alkaline in nature, which is undesirable for drinking water. The purified water at the electrodialysis unit has a high level of reduction in mineralization, but does not disinfect. The inventive installation does not have the above disadvantages of the analogue and prototype due to the design. Models of the claimed device, experimentally investigated. In the mock-ups of the inventive device, the level of mineralization reduction is (20.50)% depending on the water flow, according to the microbial and chemical composition, the water meets the requirements of GOST 28774-82, CaN-PiN2.1.4.559-96 in part, before purification of drinking water from organochlorine compounds, pesticides, residual chlorine, as well as improving organoleptic characteristics even with multiple excesses of the MPC of toxic substances in the inlet tap water.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed installation has improved technical and environmental indicators:
1. Reduces the mineralization of drinking water.

 2. Provides a high degree of disinfection of drinking water.

 3. Normalizes drinking water according to the hydrogen indicator.

Claims (1)

Installation for reducing the mineralization and disinfection of drinking water, containing a flow-through electrochemical reactor, consisting of an anode and a cathode and two barrier membranes, characterized in that in the flow-through electrochemical reactor, the first and second anodes and the cathode are installed along its axis, the first anode is installed between the first and second membranes at a distance from one of the membranes equal to t / 2, the distance between the membranes and the distance between the first anode and cathode is t in millimeters, while

mm, where U is the voltage value at the anode and cathode, B, the second anode and cathode are installed outside the barrier membranes and the distance between them along the axis of the reactor from the first anode linearly increases from a value of 0.15t to a value of 3t, the length of the electrochemical reactor L = (20 - 30) t, the length of the first anode is (3 - 5) t.