RU2155652C1 - Apparatus for step changing of revolution number and rotation sign of spindle of automatic lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine tool manufacture, namely apparatuses with endless flexible transmission such as belt or chain for transmitting rotation to actuating or intermediate shaft, for example to spindle of machine tool. SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes couplings, gear wheels and additional output shaft that may engage with endless flexible member. In order to provide step changing of revolution number, endless flexible member is mounted with possibility of transmitting rotation to spindle from main or additional output shaft. In order to provide change of rotation sign endless flexible member is arranged with possibility of transmitting rotation to spindle from main or additional shaft when said shafts are mutually joined by means of gearing. EFFECT: improved design. 4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of machine tool industry - devices for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the mechanisms of machine tools and other products that require stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation and have an infinite flexible transmission element - belt or chain for transmitting rotation to the actuator or intermediate shaft of the product, for example, a machine spindle .

 Known devices for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine, containing an infinite flexible element designed to interact with pulleys or sprockets mounted on the output shaft of the device and spindle, couplings and gears (Bron L.S. and others. Designs, adjustment and operation aggregate machine tools and automatic lines, 4th ed., M .: Higher school, 1985, p. 112, 113, Fig. 129).

The specified device has the following disadvantages:
- the complexity of the kinematic chain;
- large power losses at idle;
- the complexity of manufacturing gears;
- increased noise.

 The task of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and increase the efficiency of the device.

The specified task is solved as follows:
1. The device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe includes an infinite flexible element, an output shaft, a spindle, couplings and gears, and is characterized in that it is equipped with an additional output shaft configured to interact with an infinite flexible element.

 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the infinite flexible element is made in the form of a belt or chain and with the possibility of interaction, respectively, with pulleys or sprockets mounted on the output shafts and spindle.

 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for the stepwise change of the rotational speed, an infinite flexible element is arranged to transmit rotations to the spindle from the main or additional output shafts.

 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for changing the direction of rotation of the endless flexible element is located with the possibility of transmitting rotation to the spindle from the main or additional output shafts interconnected by gears.

 Distinctive features of the present invention are the change in speed without the use of gears and the change in direction of rotation - without a spurious gear.

 Unknown solutions to the same problem, close in its technical essence to the declared one. The absence of such information when viewing patent information sources on machines indicates that the claimed solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

 The proposed device is presented in FIG. 1 - 7.

 In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine - the first option.

 In FIG. 2 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine - the second option.

 In FIG. 3 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe - the 3rd option.

 In FIG. 4 shows a kinematic diagram of the rotation of the spindle of a turning machine.

 In FIG. 5 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepping the direction of rotation of a spindle of a lathe.

 In FIG. 6 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a turning machine - view K in Fig.: 1, 2, 3, 4.

 In FIG. 7 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine - view N of figure 5.

 In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a turning machine.

 Input shafts I and II are installed in the housing or on the plate with flanges, at the input of which pulleys 2 and 3 are fixed, connecting by means of an endless flexible element, for example, a belt with a pulley 1 located on the shaft of the drive motor M.

 Bearings are installed on the input shafts I and II, on which the hollow shafts III and IV are located. On the hollow shafts III and IV, pulleys 4 and 5 are fixed (or made together with the shafts), connected by means of an infinite flexible transmission element, for example, a belt with a pulley 6 located on the drive shaft V.

 A gear 7 is fixed at the other end of the shaft II.

 On the hollow shaft III (which can be made together with the pulley 4), gear 8 is mounted (on bearings), which is connected by the disks (master and follower) of the M3 coupling to the hollow shaft III.

 The work is as follows.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which the pulley 1 is located, is transmitted to the pulleys 2 and 3 located on the input shafts I and II, respectively, by means of an infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt. With input shafts I and II, clutch disks M1 and M2 are engaged, the inclusion of which allows rotation to be transmitted to pulleys 4 and 5. Pulleys 4 and 6 are connected to a pulley 6 located on an actuating or intermediate shaft by means of an infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt V, for example, the spindle of the machine, as a result of which when the clutch M1 is turned on, the rotation to the pulley 6 is transmitted from the pulley 4, and when the clutch M2 is turned on from the pulley 5.

 Thus, on the drive shaft, for example, the spindle of the machine, we get two speeds set by pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (when using a two-speed electric motor, the 4th speed of rotation). By turning on the M3 coupling (the M1 and M2 couplings are disconnected), we transfer rotation from the M engine - pulley 1 to pulley 3, shaft II, gear 7 and 8 to hollow shaft III, from pulley 4, which, by means of an endless flexible element - a belt or chain, we transfer the changed direction of rotation to the pulley 6 of the spindle V of the lathe.

 A distinctive feature of the kinematic scheme shown in FIG. 2, is that in the device designs (gearboxes) developed on its basis for stepwise changing the frequencies and directions of rotation of the drive shaft VI, for example, the machine spindle, input shafts I and II have the ability to conveniently install gears 7, 8, which makes it economically feasible to make them interchangeable. This makes it possible for the actuating shaft VI, for example, the machine spindle, to obtain technologically optimal reverse speeds.

In the case or plate with flanges installed:
- input shaft I, on which are mounted: a pulley 2, an output shaft IV with a pulley 4 (which can be performed together), a coupling M1, which engages the shaft I with the shaft IV;
- input shaft II, on which are mounted: a pulley 3, an output shaft V, with a pulley 5 (which can be performed together), a clutch M2, which engages the shaft II with the shaft V, the gear wheel 7;
- input shaft III, on which are mounted: a gear wheel 8, a clutch M3, which engages the shaft III with the shaft IV, the output shaft IV.

Pulleys 1, 2, 3 and gears 7, 8 can be interchangeable:
The work is carried out in the following way.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which the pulley 1 is located, is transmitted to the pulleys 2 and 3 located on the input shafts I and II, respectively, by means of an infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt. With input shafts I and II, clutch disks M1 and V2 are engaged, the inclusion of which allows transmission of rotation to shafts IV and V, on which pulleys 4 and 5 are fixed or made integral with the shafts, pulleys 4 and 5, by means of an endless flexible transmission element, for example , of the belt, are connected to a pulley 6 located on the drive shaft VI, for example, a machine spindle, as a result of which, when the clutch M1 is turned on, rotation to the pulley 6 is transmitted from the pulley 4, and when the clutch M2 is turned on, from the pulley 5.

 Thus, on the executive shaft VI, for example, the spindle of the machine, we get two speeds set by pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (pulleys 1, 2, 3 can be interchangeable).

 Since the gear 7 mounted on the shaft II interacts with the gear 8 mounted on the shaft III, the shaft III has a reverse speed direction.

 The engagement of the M3 clutch engages the shaft III with the shaft IV, on which the pulley 4 is fixed or integral with it, as a result of which the reverse speed is transmitted from the pulley or sprocket 4 to the pulley or sprocket 6 through an infinite flexible element, for example, a belt or chain mounted on the actuator shaft VI, for example, the spindle of the machine (gears 7, 8 can be interchangeable). When the engine M is turned on and the couplings M1, M2 and M3 are turned off, rotation to the actuator shaft VI, for example, the machine spindle, is not transmitted, as a result of which the spindle has a zero speed and is in the “free” state.

 When the engine is turned off and the couplings M1 and M2 are turned on, we obtain a zero speed, while the spindle is in a locked state.

 A distinctive feature of the kinematic scheme shown in FIG. 3, is that in the designs of devices (gearboxes) developed on its basis for stepwise changing the frequencies and directions of rotation of the drive shaft VII, for example, the machine spindle (in addition to the one shown in Fig. 2), it is possible to exclude idle rotation of the gears 7, 8, which increases the efficiency of devices (gearboxes). It is advisable to equip such gearboxes with machines for the manufacture of parts in serial and small-scale production.

In the housing or on the plate with flanges installed:
- input shaft I, on which are mounted:
a pulley 2, an output shaft IV (on bearings) with a pulley 4 (which can be performed together), a coupling M1 (which engages the shaft I with the shaft IV);
- input shaft II, on which are mounted:
a pulley 3, an output shaft V (on bearings) with a pulley 5 (which can be performed together), a coupling M2 (which engages shaft II with shaft V);
- shaft 3, on which are mounted:
gear wheel 8, coupling M3 (which engages the shaft III with the shaft IV);
- shaft VI, on which are mounted:
gear wheel 7, coupling M4 (which engages the shaft VI with the shaft V).

 Pulleys 1, 2, 3 and gears 7, 8 can be removable.

 The work is as follows.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which the pulley 1 is located, is transmitted to the pulleys 2 and 3 located on the input shafts I and II, respectively, by means of an infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt. With input shafts I and II, clutch disks M1 and M2 are engaged, the inclusion of which allows the rotation to be transmitted to shafts IV and V, on which pulleys 4 and 5 are attached or made integral with the shafts. Pulleys 4 and 5, by means of an endless transmission element, for example, a belt are connected to a pulley 6 mounted on the actuating shaft VII, for example, a machine spindle, as a result of which, when the clutch M1 is turned on, rotation to the pulley 6 is transmitted from the pulley 4, and when the clutch M2 is turned on, from the pulley 5.

 Thus, on the executive shaft VII, for example, the spindle of the machine, we get two speeds set by pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

 Pulleys 1, 2, 3 can be interchangeable.

 Since the gear 7 mounted on the shaft VI interacts with the gear 8 mounted on the shaft III, the shaft III, when the clutch M4 is turned on, has a reverse direction of rotation speed. When the clutch M3 is turned on, the shaft III engages with the shaft IV, on which the pulley 4 is fixed or integral with it, as a result of which the reverse speed, through an infinite flexible element, for example, a belt, is transmitted from the pulley 4 to the pulley 6 fixed to the actuator shaft VII, for example, a machine spindle (gears 7 and 8 can be removable). When the engine M is turned on and the couplings M1, M4, M2 are turned off, rotation to the actuator shaft VII, for example, the machine spindle, is not transmitted, as a result of which the spindle has a zero speed and is in the “free” state.

 When the engine M is turned off and the couplings M1 and M2 are turned on, we obtain a zero speed, while the spindle is in a locked state.

 In FIG. 4 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for stepping the speed of an actuator shaft V, for example, a machine spindle.

In the case or plate with flanges installed:
- input shaft I, on which are mounted:
a pulley 2, an output shaft III (on bearings) with a pulley 3 (which can be performed together), a coupling M1 (which engages shaft I with shaft III);
- input shaft II, on which are mounted:
a pulley 3, an output shaft IV (on bearings) with a pulley 4 (which can be performed together), a coupling M2 (which engages the shaft II with the shaft IV).

 The work is as follows.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which the pulley 1 is located, is transmitted through the infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt, to the pulleys 2 and 3 located respectively on the shafts I and II. With input shafts I and II, clutch discs M1 and M2 are engaged, the inclusion of which allows transmission of rotation to shafts III and IV, on which pulleys 4 and 5 are fixed (or are integral with the shafts). Pulleys 4 and 5, by means of an endless flexible element, for example , of the belt, connected to a pulley 6 mounted on the drive shaft V, for example, a machine spindle, as a result of which, when the clutch M1 is turned on, rotation to the pulley 6 is transmitted from the pulley 4, and when the clutch M2 is turned on, from the pulley 5.

 Thus, on the drive shaft V, for example, the spindle of the machine, we get two speeds set by pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Pulleys 1, 2, 3 can be interchangeable.

 In FIG. 5 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for changing the direction of rotation of a shaft, for example, a machine spindle.

 Shafts I and II are installed in the housing, on which hollow shafts III and IV are mounted. On the III and IV shafts mounted (or made at the same time) pulleys 3 and 4, connected by means of an endless flexible element, for example, a belt, with a pulley 5 located on the drive shaft V.

 A pulley 2 is fixed at the end of the shaft II (or I), which, by means of an infinite flexible transmission element, for example, a belt, is connected to a pulley 1 located on the shaft of the drive motor M.

 The work is as follows.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which the pulley 1 is located, is transmitted through an infinite flexible transmitting element, for example, a belt, to the pulley 2 located on the shaft II (or I), as a result of which the rotation of the shaft II is obtained, and through the gears 6 and 7, the shaft I As a result, when the M1 clutch is turned on, the pulley 3 transfers one direction of rotation to the pulley 5, and the reverse when the M2 clutch is turned on (and the M1 clutch is turned off).

In FIG. 6 shows a view along arrow K (left) of devices for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine; FIG. 1, 2, 3 and devices for stepwise changing the spindle speed of a turning machine - FIG. 4
To the base of the machine - A are attached:
M - the engine, which may have a device for moving it, which allows you to tension the belt or chain interacting with pulleys or sprockets 1, 2, 3;
B - the case of devices for stepwise changing the frequency and the direction of rotation of the spindle of the lathe, which may be able to move it, which allows the tension of a belt or chain interacting with pulleys or sprockets 4, 5, 6;
B is the bed to which the headstock G is attached, in which the spindle of the turning machine is located.

The work is carried out as follows:
the rotation of the motor M, on the shaft of which a pulley or sprocket 1 is located, is transmitted through an infinite flexible transmission element, for example, a belt or chain, to pulleys or sprockets 2 and 3 located respectively on the input shafts I and II. With the input shafts I and II, the clutch disks M1 and M2 are engaged (Figs. 1-4), the inclusion of which allows transmission of rotation to the pulleys 4 and 5. The pulleys 4 and 5, through an infinite flexible transmission element, for example, a belt or chain, are connected to by a pulley 6 located on the executive or intermediate shaft, for example, the machine spindle, as a result of which, when the clutch M1 is turned on, rotation to the pulley 6 is transmitted from the pulley 4, and when the clutch M2 is turned on, from the pulley 5.

 In FIG. 7 shows a view along arrow N (left) of a device for stepwise changing the direction of rotation of the spindle of a turning machine in FIG. 5.

To the base of the machine - A are attached:
M - the engine, which may have a device for moving it, which allows you to tension the belt or chain interacting with pulleys or sprockets 1 and 2;
B - the casing of the device for stepping the direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine, which may be able to move it, which allows tensioning a belt or chain interacting with pulleys or sprockets 3, 4, 5;
B is the bed to which the headstock G is attached, in which the spindle of the turning machine is located.

 The work is carried out in the following way.

 The rotation of the engine M, on the shaft of which a pulley or sprocket 1 is located, is transmitted through an infinite flexible element, for example, a belt or chain, to a pulley or sprocket 2 located on the input shaft II. The input disks of the clutch M2 are coupled to the input shaft II and, on it, a gear wheel 6 is mounted, which interacts with the gear 7 located on the shaft I (Fig. 5), as a result of which the shaft I, to which the drive disks of the clutch M1 are coupled, has a reverse rotation.

 Thus, by turning on the M2 clutch, the shaft II engages with the pulley or sprocket 4, which, through an infinite flexible element, for example, a belt or chain, transmits rotation to the pulley or sprocket located on the machine spindle, direct rotation, and when the M1 clutch is engaged shaft I with shaft III, on which a pulley or sprocket 3 is fixed, which, by means of an infinite flexible element, for example, a belt or chain, interacting with a pulley or sprocket 5 located on the machine spindle, performs the opposite rotation s spindle.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed device for stepwise changing the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of a lathe machine, as well as their options, i.e. only to change the speed (Fig. 4) or only to change the direction of rotation (Fig. 5) is:
- reducing the number of kinematic chains to obtain the same number of specified frequencies and directions of rotation (including their variants);
- reduction of idle power;
- reduction of time and amount of heat generated during transients;
- improving reliability and maintainability;
- noise reduction;
- cost reduction.

 Prototypes of the device for step change of rotation frequency have passed laboratory and production tests.

 The results are positive.

Claims (4)

 1. The device is a step change in the frequency and direction of rotation of the spindle of the lathe, containing an infinite flexible element, an output shaft, spindle, couplings and gears, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional output shaft made with the possibility of interaction with an infinite flexible element.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the infinite flexible element is made in the form of a belt or chain and with the possibility of interaction, respectively, with pulleys or sprockets mounted on the output shafts and spindle.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for the stepwise change of the rotational speed, an infinite flexible element is arranged to transmit rotations to the spindle from the main or additional output shafts.  4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for changing the direction of rotation of the endless flexible element is located with the possibility of transmitting rotation to the spindle from the main or additional output shafts interconnected by gears.

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