RU2154176C2 - Two-stroke axial engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: in two-stroke axial engine free-moving cylinder with slots for movement and discharge of exhaust gases forms, together with two-side piston, two cylinder-piston pairs with hydraulic pump. Piston is stationary mounted on holder and is provided with fuel and water nozzles opening into combustion chambers, and spark plugs. Piston heads are provided with cooling jackets, bottoms of free-moving cylinder are profiled to meet working surface of piston and are also water-cooled. Compression chamber housing are made in form of pneumatic cylinder with and check valve and are furnished with stator winding of linear electric generator whose movable armatures are installed in beads of free-moving cylinder. Modules of cylinder-piston pairs are connected in tandem by rods through covers with seals. Crosshead mechanism, providing passing of free-moving cylinders through dead points, serves as synchronizer. Hydraulic pump is coupled with hydraulic turbine which rotates rotary multipole electric generators coupled directly with four-pole electric motors and provide power drive through planetary train. Linear generator serves for driving inlet valve through solenoid. EFFECT: increased specific power output, reliability, fuel economy and provision of compact design. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and in particular to internal combustion engines.

 A two-stroke internal combustion engine is known, comprising a cylinder with a piston having an opening in which an inlet valve is located for admitting the air-fuel mixture from the intake manifold to the suction chamber, which is located below the piston, isolated from the crank chamber and in communication with the combustion chamber located above the piston through the bypass manifold at the inlet of which there is an inlet valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the suction chamber to the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas exhaust window from the combustion chamber an oranium located on the cylinder wall, an additional piston located in the cylinder between the crank chamber and the main piston and rigidly connected to the main piston, a second suction chamber located between the first suction chamber and the additional piston, isolated from the first suction chamber by means of a partition and in communication with the inlet the manifold by means of a valve installed in the hole at the inlet of the second suction chamber and facing the inlet of the intake manifold, characterized in that the second chamber in the suction is in communication with the bypass manifold by means of a valve facing the inlet to the second suction chamber, and in the bypass manifold at the entrance to the combustion chamber there is a pneumatic valve facing the inlet to the first and second suction chambers.

 Patent of Russia N 2066379, MKI F 02 B 33/12, publ. 09/10/1996, bull. N 25, s. N 94026031/06 from 07/13/94, patent holder Skripov Yu.L.

 The disadvantages of the above technical solution include the limited volume of compression chambers, which does not allow optimizing the degree of compression, which largely determines the indicator engine efficiency and its efficiency. In addition, the presence of a crankshaft in the Skripov engine complicates the technology of its production.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed two-stroke axial engine as an invention is a Lapidus piston machine comprising a housing, a cylinder, a piston and a single-acting output shaft and a transmission mechanism located in the latter, the piston being fixed in the housing and the cylinder reciprocating , the piston and cylinder are provided with grooves made on their cylindrical surfaces, the transmission mechanism is equipped with cheeks mounted on neither fingers, cheeks arranged in the piston grooves and fingers - in the cylinder grooves for movement therein.

 Auth. testimonial. USSR N 1038487, MKI F 01 B 9/08, filing date of the application 24.10.79, s. N 2831823 / 25-06, publication date 08/30/83, bull. N 32.

 Applicant Minsk branch of the State. design-technological and experimental institute "Orgstankinprom".

 The technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase the specific power, reliability, fuel economy and compact design.

 To achieve the above result, in a two-stroke axial engine containing a housing with end compression chambers, two opposite cylinder-piston pairs with exhaust windows, the cylinders are mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement, the bottoms of cylinder-piston pairs have cooling shirts, fuel nozzles and intake valves connecting the compression chambers with the workers. The ends of the working cylinder are equipped with a shoulder forming a piston pneumatic compressor, and the hydraulic pump spool is made in the form of an eccentric valve membrane with an axis installed in front of the suction pipe on its axial line and with saddles formed by the opposite walls of the suction and discharge pipes. A free-moving cylinder with slots for movement and exhaust exhaust forms with a two-sided piston fixed motionless on the holder and having fuel and water nozzles, as well as spark plugs exiting into the combustion chambers formed by the inner surface of the cylinder, two piston-cylinder pairs. The piston bottoms have cooling jackets, and the cylinder bottoms, also made cooled, have flanges at the ends of the cylinders and together with them serve as pistons in the piston compression chambers communicated through the inlet valves with combustion chambers for direct purge.

 The stator windings of a reversible electric linear generator are located on the cases of the compression chambers, the movable armature of which is installed in the flanges of the freely movable cylinder as well as the disk of the pneumatic check valve on the cover of the compression chamber and the disk-shaped heel of the inlet valve of the working chamber are made of permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B moreover, the disks located along the central axis have the opposite direction of magnetization.

 Modules of piston-cylinder pairs with holders are connected in series by rods through covers with seals, while freely movable cylinders are balanced by a crosshead mechanism.

 A sealed hydrostatic pipe with air bubbles is installed on the hydraulic pump, the pressure in which balances the pressure of the liquid.

 The hydraulic pump is connected to a hydraulic turbine, which rotates multi-pole rotary, made on the basis of permanent magnets, electric generators directly connected to four-pole electric motors, which carry out power drive through a planetary gear, and the linear generator serves to drive using the intake valve solenoid.

 The armature of the linear generator is made of ring concentric permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B, and the electric stator windings also have the form of concentric ring solenoids placed in the grooves between the magnets.

 In Fig.1 shows a module of a two-stroke axial engine in section; figure 2 - section of the engine assembly.

 The engine (Fig. 4) contains two end caps 1 with non-return pneumatic valves 2 mounted on two cylinders-housings 3 with grooves, forming a compression chamber 4 of piston compressors having piston rings 5 and pneumatic pistons 6, equipped with inlet valves 7 exiting through the bottom 8 , and which are the working surface of the free-moving cylinder 9. Under the shoulders of the free-moving cylinder 9, four small hydraulic pumps 10 are installed, equipped with inertial check hydraulic valves 11 installed in the hydraulic pistons. The exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust windows 12, between which the hydraulic cylinders 13 of the hydraulic pump 10 are installed, and at the inlet and outlet of the cooling system of the bottoms of the cylinder 9, spools are installed containing a pin-limiter 14, the axis of rotation 15 and the seat 16 of the valve membrane 17, which directs the cooling liquid into the cooling cavity 18 of the cylinder bottoms 9. A two-sided piston 20 is installed on the holder 19 with the help of a symmetrical connector with the spark plugs 21 mounted on it on both sides, fuel nozzles 22, cooling shirts eniya bilateral piston 23. The bottom 20 forms together with the cylinder 9 svobodnonodvizhnym combustion chamber 24.

 The cooling system works due to its own movement, in which hydraulic pistons 25 are provided, equipped with inertia valves 11 with springs in the form of balls 26, as well as L-shaped piston sealing rings 27. The cooling liquid is discharged through the line 28 into the cooling radiator, bypassing the damping hydroshocks of the plate 29 and the valve body 30. Two super-strong permanent ring magnets 31 based on Nd-Fe-B, which serve as the armature of a reversible linear generator, are installed in the beads of the free-moving cylinder 9, winding 32 st torus housed in housings grooves 3. The generated electric current does not require any special conversion in frequency, phase, direction and directly supplied to the four-pole electric motors, the armature of which are made of permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B (not shown). In addition, the heels 33 of the inlet valves 7 and the discs 2 of the pneumatic check valves are also made of permanent magnets mounted with the opposite direction of magnetization to avoid collisions.

 The engine assembly (Fig. 2) contains a crosshead 34, guides 35, a connecting pin 36, a connecting rod 37, an axis of rotation 38, an eccentric 39, a crankcase 40, connecting rods with engine modules 41. Compression chambers 42 are shown in sections in modules 2 , inlet valves 43, combustion chamber 44, cooling manifolds 45, holders 46, spark plugs 47, fuel nozzles 48, intermodular seals 49, intermodular connecting rods 50, exhaust windows 51, permanent magnets of the linear generator 52, stator windings of the linear generator 53.

Two-stroke axial motor operates as follows. The engine is axial, therefore in the module the design of its cylinder-piston pairs and compression chambers with inlet valves is symmetrical. When one bottom of the free-moving cylinder 9, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion and fitted to the bilateral piston 20, is in the position of the top dead center (V.M.T.), then the other cooled bottom is in the bottom dead point (N.M. T.). The cylinder 9 performs reciprocating movements in which, due to the movement of the pneumatic piston 6 through the filters and the check valve 2, alternating charges of atmospheric air enter the compression chamber 4. Alternately compressing air through the inlet valves 7 enters the working chambers, while direct-through blowing through the windows 12 working chambers 24. The purge efficiency is increased due to the spherically made ends of the bilateral piston 20 and the inner working surface of the bottom 8 bodily movable cylinder 9. When passing through one of the cylinder-piston pairs N.M.T. the inlet valve 7 (see Fig. 1) is open, and the nozzles 22 do not work. In the combustion chamber 24, the exhaust windows 12 are open and the supercharged air charge coming from the compression chamber displaces the exhaust exhaust gases. After closing the exhaust windows, the air in the combustion chamber is compressed, and the air flow from the side of the compression chamber 4 is twisted, forming a vortex. Fuel is supplied through the nozzle 22 and sprayed by it, mixing with the vortex, forming a homogeneous combustible mixture. Due to the increased and optimized volume of the compression chamber 4, the air charge is supplied with supercharging, which increases the fuel charge and contributes to the complete afterburning of the fuel. Passage V.M.T. and N.M.T. in the event of a spontaneous ignition of compression and during idling, as well as synchronization of the load on the engine and the operation of the engine assembly, it will provide (see figure 2) a crosshead mechanism 34 with a connecting rod 37, axis 38 and an eccentric 39 connected to the module through rods 41. After self-ignition during the reverse stroke of the piston using a water nozzle 0-18 ^o before V.M.T. chemically and mechanically purified water is injected, which contributes to an increase in pressure in the combustion chamber 24 (Fig. 1) due to the additional partial pressure of water vapor, and also contributes to the environmental friendliness of the engine, since when condensed, water is a good adsorbent of harmful emissions.

 The proposed engine converts a reciprocating motion into a rotary motor through rotary electric generators with permanent magnets in the form of their anchors and thanks to 4-pole permanent magnet electric motors directly connected to the electric generators. To start the engine, there are power windings 32 located in the grooves of the cylinder - the housing 3, serving as a stator, and permanent magnets 31, serving as a rotor, respectively. When passing alternating electric current, these windings serve as a trigger vibrator. The engine is made of aluminum with chrome plating of the working surfaces of the cylinder 9 (Fig. 1), piston bottoms 20 and exhaust windows 12. The engine is high-speed with a wide range of forcing. It is reliable, technological, cheap, simple and compact in design. Provides fuel economy. It can be used in the transport and energy industries, in addition, it can be used as a hybrid electromechanical drive of a car.

Claims (5)

 1. A two-stroke axial engine containing a housing with end compression chambers, two opposite cylinder-piston pairs with exhaust windows, the cylinders being mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion, the bottoms of the cylinder-piston pairs have cooling shirts, fuel nozzles and inlet valves connecting compressor chambers with workers, characterized in that the ends of the working cylinder are provided with a shoulder forming a piston pneumatic compressor, and the hydraulic pump spool is made in the form of an eccentric cl of the aforementioned membrane with an axis installed in front of the suction pipe on its center line and with seats formed by the opposite walls of the suction and discharge pipes, in turn forms a freely movable cylinder with slots for movement and exhaust exhaust with a two-sided piston fixedly mounted on the holder and having fuel and water nozzles, as well as spark plugs leaving the combustion chambers formed by the inner surface of the cylinder, two cylinder-piston pairs, the piston bottoms having cooling bottoms, and cylinder bottoms, also made cooled, have shoulders on the cylinder ends and together with them serve as pneumatic pistons in the end compression chambers communicated through inlet valves with combustion chambers for direct-flow purge, and the stator windings of the reversible electric linear generator are placed on the cases of the compression chambers whose movable anchors installed in the flanges of the free-moving cylinder are the same as the disk of the pneumatic check valve on the cover of the compression chamber and is disk-shaped the heel of the inlet valve of the working chamber is made of permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B, and the disks located along the central axis have the opposite direction of magnetization.  2. The two-stroke axial engine according to claim 1, characterized in that several modules of the cylinder-piston pairs with holders are connected in series by rods through covers with seals, while the freely movable cylinders are balanced by a crosshead mechanism.  3. Two-stroke axial engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sealed hydrostatic pipe with air bubbles is installed on the hydraulic pump, the pressure in which balances the pressure of the liquid.  4. A two-stroke axial engine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydraulic pump is connected to a hydraulic turbine that rotates rotary multipolar, made on the basis of permanent magnets, electric generators directly connected to four-pole electric motors that drive through a planetary gear, and a linear generator serves to drive with the intake valve solenoid.  5. Two-stroke axial motor according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the armature of the linear generator is made of ring concentric permanent magnets based on Nd-Fe-B, and the electric stator windings also have the form of concentric ring solenoids located in the grooves between the magnets.

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