RU2153412C2 - Grinding wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering, namely operations for grinding blanks of different materials. SUBSTANCE: grinding wheel has open to its periphery ducts in the form of cone openings filled with grease. Said ducts are arranged by alternating rows on periphery of wheel; ducts of each row are arranged in the same plane with inclination relative to rotation axis of grinding wheel by 30-50 degrees and with offset relative to ducts of previous row. Pitches of row and of ducts in each row are determined according to calculation formulae. EFFECT: uniform lubrication of grinding wheel at its contact with blank, enhanced strength of grinding wheel. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to the processing of metals by cutting using grinding wheels and cutting lubricants (COTS), and can be used in the grinding operations of workpieces from various materials.

 The recent sharp increase in the cost of grinding wheels has made it particularly urgent to increase their durability (reduce consumption). One of the ways to increase the durability of grinding wheels is to improve their design in order to increase the efficiency of the applied lubricant-cooling technological means (COTS).

 The invention is aimed at solving the problem of increasing the durability of grinding wheels.

 Known grinding wheel, impregnated with a lubricant-cooling technological tool, such as sulfur (see Ostrovsky V.I. Impregnation of an abrasive tool. M: NIIMASH, 1983, 72 S.). The main disadvantage of this analogue is that when using impregnated circles, the amount of lubricant entering the treatment area is often not enough to effect an effective lubricating action.

 Known grinding wheel, equipped with radial cylindrical channels for supplying cutting fluid (coolant), which can be arranged in two rows (Khudobin L.V. New special grinding wheels. - Scientific notes / Ulyan. State ped. Institute of them I.N. Ulyanova, Ser .: Technique, Saratov, 1967, v. 21, issue 8, p. 178-185).

 The disadvantage of this analogue is, in some cases, insufficiently effective lubricating action of the coolant and, as a consequence, insufficiently high resistance of the grinding wheel, spraying of the fluid exiting the channels in the circle to the periphery, as well as the complexity of the constructive implementation of devices for supplying coolant to the inner cavity of the circle through the central axial bore of a rapidly rotating grinding wheel spindle.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a grinding wheel selected as a prototype, equipped with radial cylindrical channels for supplying coolant (see Kare F. Neue Spezialschleifscheiben mit Kuhlkanalen. - Des Maschinenmarkt, 1961, N 27, s. 7), which can be staggered.

 The prototype and the claimed invention has the following main essential features: in the grinding wheel there are made radial channels facing the peripheral working surface.

 The disadvantage of the prototype as the previous analogue are: insufficient lubricant action of the coolant for a number of grinding operations; intensive spraying of coolant emerging (ejected) from the channels of the circle to its periphery; the complexity of the constructive implementation of devices for supplying coolant to the internal cavity of the wheel through the axial hole of a rapidly rotating grinding wheel spindle.

 The technical result is an increase in the resistance of the grinding wheel.

где K - эмпирический поправочный коэффициент, учитывающий режимы обработки, соотношения диаметров круга и заготовки, K = 2-3; D_k - максимальный диаметр круга, мм; d_k - диаметр канала на периферии, мм; H_k - высота круга, мм; l₃ - расстояние от торца круга до оси ближайшего канала, мм; m₂ - количество каналов в ряду; каналы в ряду расположены по высоте круга в одной плоскости под углом α = 30-50^o к оси вращения круга, шаг между каналами в ряду

длина конической части канала l₂ = (D_k - D_u)/2, где D_u - диаметр круга, определяемый максимально допустимым его износом, мм; каналы заполнены твердой смазкой в процессе изготовления круга, причем оси каналов в каждом последующем ряду смещены относительно осей отверстий в предыдущем ряду на 0,5 d_k.To achieve a technical result, the claimed invention, a grinding wheel, contains the following general essential features expressed by certain concepts, the totality of which is aimed at solving only one problem associated with the technical result of the invention: the channels are made in the form of conical holes with the base of the small diameter of the conical hole on the periphery side circle, channels are located on the periphery of the circle in the form of alternating rows, the step between which

where K is an empirical correction factor that takes into account the processing conditions, the ratio of the diameters of the circle and the workpiece, K = 2-3; D _k - the maximum diameter of the circle, mm; d _k is the diameter of the channel at the periphery, mm; H _k is the height of the circle, mm; l ₃ is the distance from the end of the circle to the axis of the nearest channel, mm; m ₂ is the number of channels in a row; the channels in a row are located along the height of the circle in one plane at an angle α = 30-50 ^o to the axis of rotation of the circle, the step between the channels in the row

the length of the conical part of the channel l ₂ = (D _k - D _u ) / 2, where D _u is the diameter of the circle determined by its maximum allowable wear, mm; the channels are filled with solid lubricant during the manufacturing process of the circle, and the axis of the channels in each subsequent row are offset relative to the axes of the holes in the previous row by 0.5 d _k .

каналы расположены в ряду под углом α = 30 - 50^o к оси вращения круга, шаг между каналами в ряду

длина канала l₂ = (D_k - -D_u)/2, каналы заполнены твердой смазкой. Наличие твердой смазки в каналах круга позволяет существенно усилить смазочное действие СОТС при шлифовании, сократить его расход и повысить его стойкость.In relation to the prototype, the claimed invention has the following distinctive features and their causal relationship with the technical result of the invention: the channels are made in the form of conical holes with the base of the small diameter of the conical hole on the periphery of the circle. The conical shape of the channel prevents the loss of solid lubricant during rotation of the grinding wheel. The channels are located on the periphery of the circle in the form of alternating rows, the step between which

the channels are located in a row at an angle α = 30 - 50 ^o to the axis of rotation of the circle, the step between the channels in the row

the channel length l ₂ = (D _k - -D _u ) / 2, the channels are filled with solid lubricant. The presence of solid lubricant in the channels of the circle can significantly enhance the lubricating effect of COTS during grinding, reduce its consumption and increase its durability.

The presence of solid lubricant in the channels, the depth of which does not exceed (D _k -D _u ) / 2, allows it to be fully used when the circle is worn down to a diameter determined by its maximum allowable wear. The arrangement of the channels in the form of alternating rows with a certain step and the inclination of each row to the axis of rotation of the circle, the displacement of the axes of the channels in each subsequent row relative to the axes of the channels in the previous row, allows for uniform lubricating action over the entire contact area of the grinding wheel with the workpiece and equal strength of the wheel in all sections . The inherent disadvantages of the prototype associated with spraying coolant and the complexity of its supply are excluded.

 According to the information available to the authors, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

 According to the authors, the essence of the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since the above influence on the obtained technical result is not revealed from it - a new property of the set of features that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that compliance with the criterion of "inventive step.

 The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention, in principle, can be repeatedly used in mechanical engineering, namely in grinding operations using COTS.

 Obtaining a technical result, which is to ensure effective lubricating action in the contact zone of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, which leads to an increase in the resistance of the grinding wheel, allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

 The invention is illustrated by graphic materials: in FIG. 1 - general view of the grinding wheel; in FIG. 2 - section A-A.

The claimed invention - a grinding wheel - contains a grinding wheel with radially arranged channels made in the form of conical holes located in the periphery of the circle in alternating rows, the step between which 1, the channels in a row are located along the height of the circle in one plane at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the circle , the pitch between the channels in a series of l _1, l ₂ the length of the channel, the channels are filled with a solid lubricant in the process of manufacturing the grinding wheel axis of the channels in each successive row are offset relative to the axes of the channels in the previous p dy to 0,5 d _k, the distance from the end of the circle to the nearest axis of the channel ₃ l.

 The grinding wheel works as follows. When the material of the workpiece is dispersed by the cutting grains of the grinding wheel and its plastic deformation by pressing grains in the contact zone, intense heat is generated, under the influence of which part of the lubricant located in the channel at the level of the peripheral surface of the wheel is melted and applied with a thin layer on the processed surface, and also impregnates near-channel peripheral surface of the grinding wheel. As a result of this, the lubricant is evenly distributed over the contact zone, providing an effective lubricating effect and reducing friction of abrasive grains over the material of the workpiece being processed, as a result of which the intensity of the grinding wheel decreases and its durability increases.

 The claimed invention does not adversely affect the state of the environment.

Claims (1)

A grinding wheel made with evenly spaced radial channels extending to the periphery, characterized in that the channels are filled with solid lubricant and made conical with a vertex of the cone directed to the periphery and a length l ₂ = (D _to - D _and ) / 2, where D _k is the maximum diameter of the circle, mm; D _and - the diameter of the circle, determined by its maximum allowable wear, mm, while on the periphery of the circle the channels are placed along a line located at an angle α = 30 - 50 ^o to the axis of the circle, with a step of each row, determined from the condition

where K is the safety factor equal to 2 - 3;
d _to - the diameter of the channel at the periphery, mm;
m ₂ is the number of channels in a row;
l ₃ - the distance from the end of the circle to the axis of the nearest channel, mm,
with channel spacing in each row

where N _to - the height of the grinding wheel, mm,
and axes offset channels each successive row relative to the axes of the previous row _to 0,5d channels.

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