RU2149727C1 - Explosion type vibration press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apparatuses for producing high and superhigh pressure values, possibly for shaping parts of refractory and high-strength materials, powder composition materials, particularly for making man-made diamonds. SUBSTANCE: vibration press is provided in addition with pressing chamber separated by dynamic valve. Hydraulic accumulator, piston and press rod are arranged in pressing chamber. Explosion chamber has two zones for forming pulse shock waves and providing hydraulic shock. Elastic cone membrane is arranged in zone of hydraulic shock occurring. Liquid working medium, nozzle for emitting said medium into pressing chamber and dynamic valve are placed under elastic membrane. Electric detonator is also placed in explosion chamber. EFFECT: compact explosion-type vibration press providing high economy of worked materials, shortened production cycle and lowered cost price of products. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for producing high and ultrahigh pressures and can be used for molding parts from heat-resistant and high-strength materials, as well as from powdered composite materials, in particular artificial diamonds.

 A device for producing high and ultrahigh pressures is known, including a chamber for detonating a jet of a working medium (1).

 The closest analogue is a press for forming products from sheet materials using an electrolytic gas generator developed in the USA (2). The press consists of a conical explosive chamber connected to a thick-walled tube (channel), which serves to initiate a detonation wave. The press also includes a rubber diaphragm, which ensures the tightness of the cavity, where mechanical stress is transmitted to the workpiece and the workpieces are obtained that are close in shape and size to the finished products, the diaphragm seals the specified cavity at the junction of it with the matrix installed in the container. A system of pipelines, valves and safety valves is used to let in combustible gas and oxygen. The manometer is used to determine the pressure in the explosive chamber when it is filled with a gas mixture. The mixture is ignited with a car plug connected by wires to a high voltage current source. To purge the blast chamber, clean air is used, supplied through pipelines from a compressor or high-pressure cylinder. The matrix container and the blast chamber body are connected to each other using a quick disconnect device.

 The explosive mixture used in the press consists of two components: combustible gas and oxygen, which are contained in cylinders equipped with reducers. The workpiece fits into the matrix and is pressed to its flange by a pressure ring. After fixing the workpiece and connecting the blast chamber to the container, the components of the gas mixture are fed into the blast chamber in a certain ratio. Then, by bleeding a small amount of gases through the upper valve, the resulting air plug is removed from the tube. Following this, the gas mixture is ignited by a spark. The combustion that began in the tube quickly passes into detonation, which is facilitated by the roughness of the walls artificially created inside the tube in the form of a wire spiral. A detonation wave entering a conical cavity of an explosive chamber, depending on the composition of the mixture and its state, causes further propagation of detonation or the emergence of a non-stationary fast burning mode. The detonation and reflected waves act on the workpiece, as a result of which it is deformed, taking the form of a matrix. Before receiving the next part, the blast chamber is blown through the purge system.

 However, in these analogues, insufficient material savings and a large amount of machining of the workpiece.

 The objective of the invention is to provide a compact design of an explosive vibrating press with a sufficiently high saving of processed materials, and the technical result is a reduction in the production cycle and a reduction in the cost of production.

 The essence of the proposed solution is that the vibrating press is additionally equipped with a pressing chamber separated by a dynamic valve, in which a hydraulic accumulator, a piston and a press rod are located. The blast chamber contains two zones - for the formation of pulsed shock waves and the occurrence of water hammer, in the zone of the occurrence of water hammer there is a conical membrane under which there is a liquid working medium and a nozzle for its emission into the pressing chamber and a hydrodynamic valve. An electric detonator is placed in the explosive chamber.

 An explosive vibropress is shown in the drawing, where 1 is an electric detonator, 2 is a zone of formation of pulsed shock waves of an explosive chamber, 3 is a zone of hydraulic shock, 4 is an elastic conical membrane, 5 is a nozzle, 6 is a hydrodynamic valve, 7 is a hydraulic accumulator, 8 is a piston, 9 - rod, 10 - channel for supplying fluid, 11 - channel for exhaust gas (detonation products), 12 - nozzles for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid, 13 - press rod, 14 - workpiece, 15 - matrix, 16 - communicating channels between zones 2, 3, equipped with reverse valves panes (shown, but not indicated), 17 - nozzles for supplying and removing air for reciprocating movement of the pistons 8; 18, 19 — electrodes — jet-emitting and jet-receiving.

 The vibrating press is explosive as follows.

 Using an electric detonator 1, equipped with a stream-feeding and stream-receiving electrodes 18, 19, the dispersed medium of an explosive is blown up, for example, a mixture of air with oxygen in the ratio of 30% oxygen and 70% air, low-octane gasoline with diethyl ether. An electrothermal explosion forms a cylindrical shock wave, the impact of which leads to the formation and propagation of a detonation wave. The detonation wave passes from zone 2 to zone 3 of the explosive chamber with the formation of a converging shock wave, which strikes the elastic conical membrane 4, under which there is a liquid working medium - a dense mobile fluid, for example a mixture of water and salts. Under the membrane 4, there is also a nozzle 5 connected to the hydrodynamic valve 6. As a result of an impact on the membrane of the detonation wave, a converging shock wave is formed, which leads to the displacement of the working medium to the nozzle. In the process of braking and pressure increase, the hydrodynamic valve 6 opens and part of the fluid flows into the reservoir of the accumulator 7, which is equipped with a movable piston 8 with a rod 9. As a result of further transfer of dynamic force to the workpiece 14, it deforms and takes the form of a matrix 15.

Sources of information
1. V.P. Glushko Way in rocket technology. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1977, p. 48 - 49.

 2. B.G. Stepanov, I.A. Sharov Impulse metalworking in marine engineering. L .: Shipbuilding, 1968, p. 134 - 135.

Claims (3)

 1. An explosive vibrating press including an explosive chamber with a channel for initiating a detonation wave, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a pressing chamber separated by a dynamic valve, in which a hydraulic accumulator, a piston and a press rod are located.  2. Explosive vibropress according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive chamber contains two zones: for the formation of pulsed shock waves and the occurrence of water hammer, a conical membrane is placed in the zone of water hammer generation, under which there is a liquid working medium and a nozzle for its emission into the pressing chamber and hydrodynamic valve.  3. Explosive vibropress according to claim 2, characterized in that an electric detonator is placed in the explosive chamber.