RU2147294C1 - Method for purification of water in open basins with stagnant or slightly-flowing water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification technology. SUBSTANCE: method relates to water purification in lakes, ponds, reservoirs and can be used in agriculture, fish-breeding, municipal economy for active treatment of water basins in process of economic activities of men with purpose of improving ecological and sanitary condition of water basins and for environmental control. Used for purification of water in open basins is mineral flint preferably of opal-chalcedony type as means for activating chemical and biological processes in self-purification of water and as antibacterial means. For this purpose, mineral is preliminarily broken into pieces with equivalent diameter not over 40 mm. After that, crushed mineral is uniformly distributed over water area of basin in amount of not less than 15 g per one cubic meter of water. Pieces of mineral can be preliminarily packed in water-permeable devices with subsequent distribution of these devices within water area of basin. Application of method allows for improving sanitary and ecological status of basins with stagnant or slightly-flowing water due to more efficient water purification process. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for water purification in open natural and artificial reservoirs with slow or weakly running water (lakes, ponds, reservoirs) and can be used in agriculture, fish farming, utilities for active impact on reservoirs in the process / human activities for the purpose improving the ecological and sanitary condition of water bodies and environmental protection.

 Known methods of water purification using natural minerals.

 So, there is a method of adsorptive purification of water, including filtering it through a natural adsorbent, which is used as a siliceous rock of mixed mineral composition (RF patent N 2111171, class C 02 F 1/28, publ. 1998).

 A known method of purification of natural water by sorption, moreover, the natural mineral “brucite” is used as the sorbent, while the treated water is either filtered through a layer of sorbent or the sorbent “brucite” is added to the treated water, followed by separation of the precipitate (RF patent N 2108297, cl. C 02 F 1/28, publ. 1998).

 Known methods are not effective for cleaning large volumes of water located in open natural and artificial reservoirs with "standing" water, due to the inability to carry out artificial filtration of water through a sorbent.

 It is known to use various natural minerals as an antibacterial agent for treating water, for example, the natural mineral “schungite III” (RF patent N 2116261, class C 02 F 1/50, publ. 1998), or a natural mineral of flint (a. S. USSR N 1791396, class C 02 F 1/50, publ. 1993).

 The aim of the present invention is to improve the sanitary and environmental regime of water bodies with slow and weakly running water by increasing the efficiency of the natural process of chemical-biological water purification.

 The essence of the present invention is as follows.

 When treating water in open reservoirs with slow or weakly running water, they use the flint mineral, preferably an opal chalcedony variety, as a means of enhancing the chemical and biological processes of water self-purification and as an antibacterial agent, while the mineral is first crushed into pieces with an equivalent diameter not exceeding 40 mm , and then evenly distributed over the water area of the reservoir at the rate of at least 15 g of mineral per cubic meter of water.

 When implementing the method, preferably pieces of mineral with an equivalent diameter of 20-40 mm are used.

 When implementing the method, the mineral is distributed over the equatorium of the reservoir, preferably at the rate of 15-25 g of mineral per cubic meter of water.

 Pieces of mineral can be pre-packaged in a permeable device with subsequent placement of these devices in the water area of the reservoir.

 The interaction of gradually mixing layers of water in a reservoir with a mineral effectively affects the processes of nitrification, oxidation, mineralization of organic substances in the water, and also contributes to the antibacterial activity of the mineral.

 The indicated geometrical and weight parameters of mineral pieces determined experimentally provide an effective impact and give an optimal result when used.

 The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of tests conducted by the Regional Center for Sanitary Inspection in St. Petersburg.

 The pond in the park was chosen as the object for testing, it is fed with water from two streams of spring origin on the diametrically opposite sides of the pond. It does not have a source of water.

 Previously, at the beginning of the tests (June 3, 1998), water was sampled to determine the background (initial) values of water quality in the reservoir. It was found that the water quality did not meet the requirements of SanPiN "Protection of surface waters from pollution" N 4630-88 in chemical (BOD-5, iron total., Manganese) and bacteriological indicators. The state of the reservoir is assessed as “general pollution”.

 06.06.98, the natural mineral "flint" was introduced into the water area of the pond.

 Studies of water samples from the pond water area at certain time intervals for 2 months were carried out according to standard research methods.

 The analysis of laboratory data after the experiment allowed us to establish the following.

 The hydrogen indicator of water is in the regulatory range of 6.8 - 7.8; there was a decrease in indicators: oxidizability (from 33.2 to 8.9), BOD-5 (almost three times), COD (2 times), ammonia, manganese, iron (from 2.4 to 0.6 mg / l ); an increase in the nitrogen content of nitrates (conversion of the nitrite form to nitrate). According to bacteriological indicators, by the time the observations were completed, the water quality corresponded to standard indicators.

 The data obtained experimentally confirmed that the proposed method of water purification helps to strengthen processes that improve the sanitary regime of the reservoir, as evidenced by the processes of nitrification, oxidation and mineralization of organic substances in the water.

 Placing mineral pieces in separate permeable devices allows their reuse for water purification in other reservoirs.

 The proposed method is easy to operate, not laborious, environmentally friendly, does not require additional energy and technological costs.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of purifying water in open reservoirs with low or low flow water, comprising placing an antibacterial agent in the form of a natural mineral "flint" in water, characterized in that the mineral "flint" is previously crushed into pieces with an equivalent diameter not exceeding 40 mm, and then at least 15 g of mineral per cubic meter of water are evenly distributed over the water body of the reservoir.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use pieces of mineral "flint" with an equivalent diameter of 20-40 mm  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral "flint" is distributed over the water area of the reservoir at the rate of 15-25 g of mineral per cubic meter of water.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pieces of mineral are placed in a reservoir in separate water-permeable containers isolated from one another.