RU2146037C1 - Process of loading of downgoing holes with water-carrying explosives (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, loading of holes, in particular. SUBSTANCE: characteristic feature of proposed process is usage of both traditional industrial explosives and of salvageable ammunition not suitable for mechanized loading. In case of usage of grounded salvageable ammunition hose feeding thickened solution of oxidizer is lowered to bottom of hole in advance. Then explosive is poured from hopper machine to certain height through clearance between hose and hole walls. After it thickened oxidizer is fed over hose and hose is lifted to form charge of water-carrying explosive. In case of manual loading portions of grounded salvageable explosive are poured from sacks and portions of thickened oxidizer are fed over loading hose to face of explosive. It is also allowed to pour portion of grounded salvageable ammunition without lifting loading hose. EFFECT: increased technical-and-economic indices of loading process. 13 cl

Description

 The invention relates to mining and construction, namely, to blasting, and can be implemented in open pit mining when loading downstream wells with water-containing explosives (BBB) having solid and liquid phases and prepared directly at the application site, for example, BBB such as aquatols, ifzanites, carbotols, emulsion compositions with solid additives, etc.

 A known method of loading downstream BBB wells having solid and liquid phases, comprising filling the charged portion of the BBB well by feeding it to the wellhead and then lowering it through the well under its own weight / 1 /.

 The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of its application when loading waterlogged wells due to the complete dissolution of the nitrate component of the BBB. So, when aquatol T-20G or T-20GM passes through a column of water, even with an increased thickener content, up to 40% of nitrate is lost. In emulsion explosive explosives, nitrate is not washed out with water, but the method also cannot be used when charging flooded wells due to the possibility of formation of water sinuses or explosive plugs. Well loading is possible only with preliminary drainage, but there are no efficient drainage plants. In addition, an additional machine on the block complicates the technology of work.

 A known method of loading downstream wells with water-containing explosives (BBB) having solid and liquid phases, including lowering the charging hose to the bottom of the well, filling the charged part of the BBB well and raising the charging hose as the BBB / 2 / fill up.

 In this case, the liquid phase — a hot thickened solution of ammonium nitrate (AS) —is prepared at a stationary cooking station (SPP), equipped with this solution mixing-charging machines (SPM) of the “Aquatol” type and delivered to a charging unit. The solid phase - trotyl (granular or scaly) is delivered here in the charging machine (MZ-ZA). Trotyl along the charging sleeve through the volumetric dispenser is fed into the mixing tank of the Aquatol machines, of which, after mixing for 15 minutes, the prepared explosives are fed through the charging hose to the wells under a column of water.

The method has the following main disadvantages:
- the high cost of granular or flake TNT forces enterprises to reduce its amount in the composition of explosives to 8-10 wt.%, which reduces the quality of explosives;
- the complexity of the design used SPM, charging machines, work technology, the high cost of these machines, the preparation of explosives and loading wells;
- the inability to use as a solid phase explosives (BB), admitted only to manual loading.

 This reduces the technical and economic indicators of the method.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the technical and economic indicators of a method for loading downstream BBB wells having solid and liquid phases.

 Moreover, the technical result consists in improving the quality of explosives, simplifying the design of the equipment and technology used, reducing the cost of preparing explosives and loading wells, as well as expanding the scope of explosives that are allowed only for manual loading.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of loading descending wells with water-containing explosives (BBB) having solid and liquid phases, including lowering the charging hose to the bottom of the well, filling the charged part of the BBB well and raising the charging hose as the BBB well is filled, In the process of filling the BBB well, the solid and liquid phases of the BBB are fed into the well separately, with the solid phase being poured into the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose, and the liquid phase being fed through charging hose.

 Bulk explosives based on disposed ammunition are used as the solid phase.

 In this case, the solid phase is poured into the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose before feeding the liquid phase into the charging hose.

 In addition, a hot thickened solution of an oxidizing agent of varying degrees of thickening is used as the liquid phase.

 Trotyl-Y is used as the solid phase, and besides this, instead of TNT-Y, other explosives can be used as the solid phase (sensitizer or energy supplement), for example, also on the basis of utilized ammunition of dibazites, granipores, crumbs of mixed solid rocket fuels, smokeless powders and etc.

 As the liquid phase, not only a hot thickened AS solution can be used, but also solutions of other nitrate (sodium or potassium) or nitrate mixtures. However, the solution does not have to be hot. It is also possible to use other liquid phases, for example, emulsion formulations. In the latter case, for example, granular AS can serve as a solid phase.

 With a significant content of the solid phase in the BBB (> 20 wt.%) Or a large height of the charge column, a part of the solid phase can be added to the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose as it rises and the liquid phase is supplied.

 The specified technical result according to the second embodiment of the method is achieved by the fact that in the known method for loading downstream wells with explosive substances containing explosives (solid and liquid), comprising filling the charged part of the explosive well by feeding it to the wellhead and then lowering it through the well under the action own weight, in the process of filling the BBB well, the solid and liquid phases of the BBB are fed to the well separately, alternating the portioned supply of solid and liquid phases.

 The above essential features ensure the achievement of the technical task, they are all in a causal relationship with the specified technical result.

 Separate supply of solid and liquid phases to the well according to both options allows to significantly simplify the process of loading BBB wells, and according to the first option to avoid mixing liquid and solid phases in the SPM, and therefore, to simplify the design of the SPM and increase the safety of the work technology. This reduces the cost of preparing explosives and loading wells, especially in the second embodiment. The filling of the solid phase into the space between the walls of the borehole and the charging hose according to the first embodiment relates to manual loading of wells, which, with a sharp increase in the use of explosives of local preparation, provides a significant expansion of the scope of explosives allowed only to manual loading. Among such explosives there are explosives with explosive characteristics that significantly exceed the characteristics of traditional TNT, including cheaper ones, which increases the quality of explosives and further reduces their cost. The supply of only the liquid phase according to the first embodiment through the charging hose further simplifies the construction of the SPM with the possibility of replacing it with a simply charging machine, for example, based on vehicles for transporting liquefied gases.

 The use of bulk explosives on the basis of disposed ammunition as the solid phase, most of which is allowed only to be manually loaded, expands the scope of these explosives, reduces the shortage of regular water-resistant and expensive industrial explosives, and reduces stockpiles of obsolete ammunition, which are dangerous for further storage and environmentally harmful for destruction additionally reduces the cost of preparation and improves the quality of explosives due to the low cost and high explosive characteristics of these explosives.

 Filling the solid phase into the well according to the second embodiment and into the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose according to the first embodiment, before feeding the liquid phase into the charging hose, provides for the subsequent supply of the liquid phase according to the second embodiment and the supply of the liquid phase while lifting the charging hose according to the first embodiment, displacing well water from the intergranular space of the solid phase, the lifting of particles of this phase along the wellbore and uniform mixing and distribution of liquid and solid phases along the entire length of the charged part of the well ins to obtain a homogeneous BBB predetermined quality.

 The use of a hot thickened solution of an oxidizing agent as a liquid phase makes it possible to use regular BBB compositions, for example, Aquatol T-20G or T-20GM with the replacement of granulotol or flaked TNT with cheaper TNT Y, obtained by mechanical crushing of utilized charges, smokeless and rocket propellants.

Implementation example
The method is illustrated by the example of loading downward (vertical) BBB wells, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the components of which fully corresponds to the T-20GM aquolol, wt.%:
Ammonium nitrate - 64.70 - 70.70
TNT - 17.00 - 23.00
Water - 7.00 - 9.00
Urea - 3.00 - 5.00
Thickener - 0.20 - 0.30
Structuring agent (in excess of 100%) - 0.01
As a thickener, polyacrylamide is used, the structuring agent is potassium dichromate, and the solid phase (trotyl) is trotyl-Y, obtained by mechanical crushing of utilized charges. The liquid phase is represented by a hot, thickened solution of an oxidizing agent (AS), which is prepared in SPP using a well-known approved technology. For this, AS and urea are dissolved in water at a temperature not exceeding 115 ^o C. The mixture is continuously stirred until a homogeneous solution is obtained, after which the thickener is loaded. An aqueous solution of a structuring agent is also prepared on SPP.

 The thickened solution of the oxidizing agent and the solution of the structuring agent are delivered to the charging unit using a simplified type charging machine having a heat-insulated tank with separate containers for these solutions, a dosing device and a charging hose with a hose extractor. The solid phase - TNT - Y is transported to the block from the explosive materials warehouse in bags by a delivery truck.

 Charging wells according to the first embodiment is as follows.

 Before the bottom of the well, a charging hose is lowered under the water column. Then, a smaller part of the solid phase is poured into the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose manually from the bags or from the machine-hopper. An intermediate detonator is lowered on the detonating cord and the remaining most of the solid phase is also manually added.

The liquid phase (thickened oxidizer solution) is fed into the well separately through the metering device of the charging machine and the charging hose. In this case, a solution of a structuring agent is dosed into the thickened solution of the oxidizing agent, and the temperature of the finished solution should not exceed 85 ^o C. After filling the well with a solution to a height of 1.0 ... 1.5 m, the hose extractor is turned on to raise the charging hose. As the charging hose rises while the oxidizing agent solution is fed into it, the well water is displaced from the intergranular space of the solid phase, the particles of this phase are lifted along the wellbore and the liquid and solid phases are mixed and distributed along the entire length of the charged part of the well to obtain a specified quality of explosive.

 After filling the charged part of the BBB well, the charging hose is removed to the surface and the next well is charged. Wells are not jammed, because this is water displaced to the top of the well.

The loading of wells in the second embodiment is as follows. A portion of the solid phase, for example, TNT-Y or crushed smokeless powder, is poured into a water-borne well manually from bags or from a machine-hopper. An intermediate detonator is manually lowered on the detonating cord. Then, a portion of the liquid phase is supplied, for example, a thickened solution of an oxidizing agent, which can be supplied manually or through a metering device of a charging machine at the wellhead or in the solid phase. In this case, a solution of a structuring agent is dosed into the thickened oxidizing agent solution, and the temperature of the finished solution should not exceed 85 ^o C. After feeding a portion of the BBB liquid phase, a portion of the solid phase is again fed and the well loading operations are repeated until the required charge mass is formed in the charged well BBB. As the well is charged, the well water is displaced from the intergranular space of the solid phase, the solid and liquid phases are evenly distributed along the entire length of the infected part of the well to obtain a specified quality of explosive.

Sources of information:
1. Kutuzov B.N. Destruction of rocks by explosion (explosive technologies in industry), part II. Textbook for universities, 3rd edition, revised and supplemented, M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1994, p. 200 - 201.

 2. Ibid., P. 200 (prototype).

Claims (13)

 1. The method of loading descending wells with water-containing explosives (BBB) having solid and liquid phases, including lowering the charging hose to the bottom of the well, filling the charged part of the BBB well and raising the charging hose as the BBB well is filled, characterized in that during filling the well The BBB solid and liquid phases of the BBB are fed into the well separately, the solid phase being poured into the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose, and the liquid phase is fed through the charging hose.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the solid phase using bulk explosives based on disposed of ammunition.  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid phase is poured before feeding the liquid phase into the charging hose.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a hot thickened solution of an oxidizing agent is used as the liquid phase.  5. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the solid phase is trotyl-U, dibazites, granipores, or smokeless gunpowder, or solid rocket fuels.  6. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the crushed mono-charges of mixed rocket fuels are used as the solid phase.  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that hot or cold solutions of sodium or potassium nitrate or mixtures of nitrate are used as the liquid phase.  8. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that ammonium nitrate is used as the solid phase, and an emulsion composition is used as the liquid phase.  9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the solid phase is added to the space between the walls of the well and the charging hose as the latter rises and the liquid phase is supplied.  10. A method of loading descending wells with water-containing explosives (BBB) having solid and liquid phases, comprising filling the charged part of the BB of the explosive by feeding it to the wellhead and then lowering it through the well under its own weight, characterized in that during filling of the BBB the solid and liquid phases of explosives are fed into the well separately, alternating the portioned supply of solid and liquid phases.  11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the solid phase using bulk explosives based on disposed of ammunition.  12. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that as the liquid phase using a hot thickened solution of an oxidizing agent.  13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the utilized ammunition is used as the solid phase: TNT-U, dibazites, granipores, smokeless rifle or rocket propellants.