RU2145495C1 - Method of activation of residual hearing of deaf-and-dump and deaf children - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method includes raising of intracranial arterial pressure which is performed when children produce intonationally clear musical sounds. Sounds are produced from copper-wind instruments within range of C-1 octave to G-2 octave. Necessary individual acceptable value of intracranial arterial pressure is determined for every child depending on his age according to height of sound produced by him from instrument. Optimal time for conducting daily curative-educational studies is selected according to the value of intracranial arterial pressure. EFFECT: higher efficiency of curative-educational work. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, in particular to otolaryngology and pedagogy, in particular to hearing work with children with hearing disorders, and relates to the issue of activation of residual hearing in deaf and deaf children with sensorineural disorders.

 In the process of treating deaf-mute and deaf children with sensorineural disorders / central auditory system of the cerebral cortex / and pedagogical work with them on the development and staging of speech, otolaryngologists and teachers of special schools for deaf children are guided by the Adrian law / 1 /, according to which even very significant violations of nerve fibers / neurons / central auditory system of the cerebral cortex in children retains residual hearing, which functions due to preserved and reserve neurons. Therefore, deaf-mute and deaf children with residual hearing are assigned not one pedagogical work, but combined, therapeutic and pedagogical work to develop their auditory perception of words, rhythm, melodies, i.e., work to activate residual hearing.

 Currently, one of the methods of treatment and pedagogical auditory work with such children is a method based on the use of sound amplifying equipment, consisting of a microphone that perceives and converts ambient sounds into electrical signals, an electronic amplifier, volume and tone controls / degradators /, power supply / cell or battery / and telephone, converting electrical signals into acoustic / 3 /.

 The use of residual hearing is carried out by auditory work in classes equipped with this equipment, where each child listens to the teacher’s speech through individually tuned headphones. Each lesson is made up of program material that provides for various speech rhythms, approaches to the development of accentuation and differentiation skills for words and sentences by ear.

 Such medical and educational work is ineffective. As long practice has shown, it weakly promotes the activation of residual hearing, since 1) it does not provide the full work of unaffected neurons; 2) does not restore the functional activity of signal-conducting pathways in the affected areas; 3) does not include in the work of conducting signals of reserve sections.

 Closest to the proposed invention is a method for activating residual hearing in deaf and deaf children with sensorineural impairments, using tactile vibration equipment / tone variators /, transmitting sound vibration through the fingers and from the headphones through the cranial bone / 1.3 / . This method is based on the formation due to sound vibrations of intracranial blood pressure. As a result of this effect, there is an increase in the work of unaffected neurons, a change in the excitation rhythm of the affected nerve fibers, and the search for reserve sites for conducting stimulus impulses / 1 /.

 This method is also ineffective. Firstly, it leads to rapid fatigue / the occupation time is not more than 10-15 minutes per day /. Secondly, using modern methods of measuring and recording blood pressure from the established acoustic pressure, it is not possible to establish the dependence of the value of the resulting intracranial blood pressure on the established acoustic mode on the tone variator, which often leads to sound chaos in children, which makes it impossible to carry out the treatment correctly , and the most auditory speech work.

 The present invention solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of medical and pedagogical work on the activation of residual hearing in children with sensorineural disorders.

 The problem is solved in that in the known method of activating residual hearing in deaf and deaf children by increasing intracranial blood pressure using tactile vibration equipment, according to the invention, increasing intracranial blood pressure is carried out while children are extracting intonationally pure musical sounds on brass instruments in the range from DO-1 octave to SAL-2 octave, while for each child, depending on his age, set the height to be extracted of sound them on the instrument must be an individual, an acceptable value of the intracranial blood pressure, and are selected in accordance with it the optimum time for daily treatment and educational classes. As a brass instrument use a pipe, cornet, viola.

 The novelty of the proposed method is as follows. An oven-musician playing a brass instrument-pipe or cornet, when sound is extracted, increases air pressure in the lungs and airways. If he wants to increase the sound by an octave, he increases the air pressure in the lungs by four times, and on the entire playing range of the instrument, which reaches two and a half octaves, he changes the pressure in the respiratory organs up to 20 times. Such pressures can be created mainly when extracting sounds on the pipe, cornet and viola / 4 /. Simultaneously with an increase in pressure in the lungs, blood pressure in the blood vessels increases accordingly. An increase in arterial pressure causes a redistribution of regional blood flow and, as a result, an increase in blood supply to the lungs and brain. Such a process of increasing blood pressure is periodic, since it remains only in the interval of quick inspiration until the slow expiration of air through the mouthpiece into the instrument, and self-regulating - the higher the height of the extracted sound, the higher the intracranial blood pressure. As a result of such safe for the body of children / teaching children to play the copper-breathing instruments begins in music schools from 7-8 years old / periodically created intracranial arterial pressures there are conditions for the activation of residual hearing associated with: 1) partial restoration of the affected auditory pathways; 2) the intensification of the work of healthy neurons; 3) the excitation of reserve fibers with their inclusion in the search for signal-conducting paths in isolated areas of the cerebral cortex.

 Medical and pedagogical work with deaf and deaf and deaf children with sensorineural disorders using the proposed method is phased and begins after teaching the children to correctly extract sounds from DO-1 octave and to SALT - 2 octave / the sound range available for children's ear cushion and breathing on these instruments, individually selected for each child by his lips and tooth structure / 4 /. After the children begin to make sounds intonationally and steadily fall on them (it takes 8-12 months), the stage of work on activating the residual hearing begins by teaching them in classes equipped with sound reinforcing equipment. This work is being built along two lines: medical and pedagogical. The treatment consists of daily exercises to extract sounds in the ranges established by the doctor, and includes the measurement and recording in the journal of intracranial blood pressure. The standard pressure measurement method is sphygmomanometric. The measurement is carried out during the child’s extraction of the specific sound set for him according to the treatment program and in accordance with the condition that the higher the height of the sound being extracted, the higher the intracranial blood pressure becomes. Sound extraction is carried out with full / abdominal / breathing and in time is a period equal to the length of time from a quick inspiration to the end of a slow expiration of air through the mouthpiece into the instrument. Depending on the physiological capabilities of the child, the extraction time of one sound is 15-25 seconds. The duration of medical work is 15-20 minutes. After measuring intracranial blood pressure and registering the obtained values in the journal, they begin the medical and pedagogical stage of work, which consists in developing the child's sensation of sound with lips, because on all copper, so-called ear pads, the sound is generated using lips lying on the mouthpiece margins. In addition to the task of activating residual hearing, such work also solves two more problems: the first - develops a tactile-vibrational sensitivity in a child during the upbringing and staging of his / her internal hearing / musical / leading to singing, and the second - develops auditory perception of musical sounds - notes - with their differentiation in height. Sound is extracted by children with their eyes closed. Lesson time is 60-90 minutes / 5 /. Classes are also held daily. At the pedagogical stage, auditory speech work is carried out to perceive the child's auditory speech stimuli. This work is built from pedagogical program material on the formulation and development of oral colloquial speech and is carried out by covering the ears with headphones connected to sound amplifying equipment. The closure of peripheral auditory organs / ears / helps to isolate them from external stimuli / sounds extracted on the instrument / and focuses these auditory organs and, therefore, residual hearing on speech signals coming from the headphones. At the same time, speech signals are received through the headphones only at the moments when the child extracts the corresponding sounds on the instrument. At this stage, the form and content of speech signals are selected according to the educational and methodical programs compiled for each class, and the lesson takes 45-60 minutes in terms of time. Teaching classes are also held daily.

 Thus, the description of the proposed method shows that the use of a new technical solution relating to the issue of activation of residual hearing in deaf and deaf children with sensorineural disorders by increasing intracranial blood pressure, allows more effective therapeutic and educational work on the activation of residual hearing, as it reduces the fatigue of children during classes is 5-6 times / time is 100-110 minutes / and allows you to set, adjust and control the values of intracranial art Series pressure for each child undergoing medical and pedagogical education in schools for deaf children.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of activating residual hearing in deaf and deaf children by increasing intracranial blood pressure using tactile vibration equipment, characterized in that the increase in intracranial blood pressure is carried out while children are extracting intonationally pure musical sounds on brass instruments in the range from DO- 1 octave to SAL-2 octave, and for each child, depending on his age, set the height of the sound he makes on the instrument, individual mo - acceptable value of the intracranial blood pressure, and are selected in accordance with it the optimum time for daily treatment and educational classes.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe, cornet, viola are used as brass instruments.