RU2142189C1 - Electrical energy generation process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering and electrical communications. SUBSTANCE: for identifying power source, its user, and section of power circuit or line transmitting electricity from power source to user, identifier of power source or user and/or of at least one of power transmission lines is introduced in electricity in the course of and/or upon inducing electromotive force; single- and/or double-pole pulses and their combinations of various waveforms as well as one of frequency harmonics of ac voltage or current can be used as identifier. EFFECT: improved reliability of identifying power source, user, and power transmission line. 6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field
The invention relates to energy and telecommunications and can be used to identify generated electricity.

State of the art
Currently, in various areas of the national economy, the identification of the manufactured goods has become widespread.

 The term "identification" should be understood as establishing the correspondence of both a batch of objects and a piece object (product) to its individual identification mark. Identification can be carried out by applying an identifier (label) to the product or by entering the identifier into the product, for example, an information signal about the manufacturer in electricity.

 The term "identification" is used in this context throughout the description, including the claims.

 Product identification has become widespread with labels with bar, sign, digital, letter codes, as well as sensors - identifiers made in the form of oscillatory LC circuits. The combination of letters, numbers, as well as the tuning frequency of the LC circuit in the code is an identifier and uniquely identifies an object.

The mentioned identifiers and methods for applying them to objects are described in detail in the descriptions of Russian Patents:
N 2045780, according to MKI G 06 K 11/00, op. 10.10.95 g .;
N 2074696, according to MKI A 61 H 39/00, op. 03/10/97;
N 2102246, according to MKI B 42 D 15/00, op. 01/20/98;
N 2106689, according to MKI G 06 K 17/00, op. 03/10/98;
N 2112958, according to MKI G 01 N 21/64, op. 06/10/98,
as well as in the descriptions of the Utility Model Certificates:
N 0005883, according to MKI G 09 F 3/02, op. 01/16/98;
N 0006461, according to MKI G 09 F 3/02, op. 04/16/98

 However, they cannot be used to identify generated, transmitted, distributed and consumed electricity due to the specifics of the latter as a commodity.

 The term "electricity" should be understood as a set of phenomena in which the existence, motion and interaction (through the electromagnetic field) of charged particles is detected. Alternatively, the term electricity refers to electricity / 4 /.

 The term "electricity" is used in this context throughout the description, including the claims.

 As an analogue, you can use the method of producing electricity with alternating voltage, described in the description of the USSR Author's Certificate N 390626 "Method for remote control of a switching apparatus of an electrical installation", published July 11, 73 according to class H 02 J 13/00, which consists in creating a code series Relieving power line voltage. This analogue solves the problem of remote shutdown of electrical installations in emergency and emergency situations and can be interpreted (interpreted) as a way of identifying a malfunction in a power line.

 A disadvantage of the analogue is the low reliability of determining the source, distributor and consumer of electricity, as well as the section of the electric circuit and power line, through which electricity is transferred from the producer to the consumer in the electric power system.

 The term "electric power system" should be understood as the combination of sources of electricity, for example, power plants connected by power lines and jointly supplying consumers with electricity / 1 /.

 The term "power system" is used in this context throughout the description.

 The term "source of electricity" should be understood as an enterprise producing electric energy. Depending on the source of energy, there are thermal power plants (steam turbine, gas turbine, nuclear, etc.), hydroelectric power, solar, geothermal, tidal and wind power, chemical current sources, etc. etc.

 The term "source of electricity" is used in this context throughout the description.

 There is a method of producing electricity with alternating voltage, described in the description of the USSR Author's Certificate N 547917 "Method of controlling dispersed objects connected to a public electrical network", published on 02.25.77, class H 02 J 13/00, which consists in creating a short-term a circular control signal in the form of unipolar pulses with a repetition rate that matches the network frequency.

 This analogue solves the problem of remote circulation control of dispersed objects along power lines in emergency and emergency situations and can be interpreted as a way of identifying a malfunction or identifying work to fix a malfunction on a power line or at a control object.

 A disadvantage of the analogue is the low reliability of determining the source, distributor and consumer of electricity, as well as the section of the electric circuit and power line, through which electricity is transferred from the producer to the consumer in the electric power system.

 There is also a method for transmitting broadcast information over a communication channel, described in the description of the application for Russian Patent N 94033147 "Method for transmitting broadcast information" published on 02.20.98 in class H 04 Q 7/06, including grouping information in a number of information elements and transferring it to a communication channel.

 This analogue solves the problem of transmitting information to both stationary and mobile stations via one or more communication channels and can be interpreted as a way to identify the transmitter and receiver of information.

 The disadvantage of the analogue, if used on power lines, is the low reliability of determining the source, distributor and consumer of electricity, as well as the portion of the electrical circuit and power line through which electricity is transferred from the manufacturer to the consumer in the electric power system.

 The prototype closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a method of generating electricity, including the creation of electromotive force, described in the description of the USSR Author's Certificate N 758387 "Method for controlling dispersed objects through wires of a power line", published on 08.23.80 in class H 02 J 13/00, which consists in the generation of a control signal (or information signal) in the form of pulses with a repetition rate coinciding with the frequency of the network and introducing asymmetry of the sinusoid supply th voltage relative to the time axis.

 The term "information signal" should be understood as a physical process (or phenomenon) that carries a message (information) about any event, condition or characteristics of the object being monitored or transmits control commands, instructions, alerts, etc. As an information signal, it can be used for example, a voltage pulse, or a series of voltage pulses of a certain shape at one of the frequency harmonics, or in general one of the components of the voltage of high-frequency harmonics.

 The term "information signal" is used in this context throughout the description.

 The prototype described above solves the problem of remote control of dispersed objects along power lines in emergency and emergency situations and can be used as a way to identify a malfunction in a power line or control object.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the low reliability of determining the source, distributor and consumer of electricity, as well as the portion of the electric circuit and power line, through which electricity is transferred from the manufacturer to the consumer in the electric power system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of determining the source of electricity (power plant), the consumer of electricity, the portion of the electrical circuit and the power line through which electricity is transferred from the source to the consumer in the power system, as well as the electricity distributor between consumers (switchgear). That is, ensuring the identification of electricity as a commodity.

 The specified technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the method of generating electricity involves generating an electromotive force and, during and / or after generating an electromotive force, the identifier of the source of electricity and / or consumer of electricity, and / or at least one of the transmission lines, is introduced into the electricity, and / or at least one of the electricity distributors.

 This ensures the identification of electricity as a commodity.

 A method of producing electricity with an identifier may consist in introducing at least one of the frequency harmonics of the voltage and / or current as an identifier into the electricity. This will improve the reliability of determining the source of electricity.

 The term "harmonic" should be understood as a periodically changing quantity with a certain frequency in time, for example voltage (frequency harmonic voltage). A harmonic whose frequency is equal to the frequency of a non-sinusoidal periodic quantity is called the fundamental harmonic. The remaining harmonics with a frequency of, for example, 2, 3, 4, etc. times the frequency of the fundamental harmonic, are called higher harmonics and vice versa, harmonics in which the frequency is lower than the fundamental frequency are called lower harmonics / 2 /.

 The term "harmonic" is used in this context throughout the description, including the claims.

 A method of producing electricity with an identifier may consist in using a unipolar and / or bipolar pulse, or a combination of unipolar and / or bipolar pulses, or a periodic and / or aperiodic sequence of unipolar and / or bipolar pulses as an identifier. This will improve the reliability of determining the source of electricity, as well as a section of the circuit or power line.

 A method of producing electricity with an identifier may consist in the fact that pulses are used as the identifier, in which the shape is made from the group containing fragments of the polygon, a conical section of a straight circular cone. This will improve the reliability of determining the source of electricity, as well as a section of the circuit or power line.

 The term "conical section" should be understood as the line that forms the surface of a straight circular cone and secant plane, not passing through its top.

 The term "conical section" is used in this context throughout the description, including the claims.

 The analysis of the prior art showed that the claimed combination of essential features set forth in the claims is unknown. This allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

 To verify the conformity of the claimed invention with the criterion of "inventive step", an additional search was carried out for known technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed technical solution from the prototype. It is established that the claimed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention
The essence of the method of producing electricity with an identifier and the possibility of its practical implementation is illustrated in FIG. 1 to 4, where in FIG. 1 shows the main 2, higher 3 and lower 4 frequency components of the alternating voltage U. Identifier 1 in the form of unipolar pulses is introduced into the main, higher and lower frequency harmonics, and, in addition, a higher order harmonic than harmonic 3 is used as identifier 1 .

 In FIG. 2 identifiers are presented in the form of a combination of unipolar 5 and bipolar 6 pulses.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows pulses in the form of a part of a polygon 7 (a bipolar trapezoidal pulse), a part of a circle 8, different in amplitude of the triangular unipolar pulses 9 and 10.

 In FIG. 4 is a diagram of the implementation of the method of production and identification of electricity produced by electricity sources 13 and 14 and consumed by the load (consumer) 15. The electricity sources are connected to the consumer by power lines with sections AB, BB and BB. Sources of electricity 13 and 14 are equipped with generators 16 and 17 for the introduction of identification pulses or harmonics. Power lines are equipped with identification pulse generators 18, 19, 20. Electricity distributor 24 is equipped with an identification pulse generator 25. Load 15 is equipped with an identification pulse generator 21. Behind the load is a device for receiving identification signs of sources and power lines 22. As a result of decoding the received information 23, the consumer receives data on whose electricity it consumes and on which power lines it is delivered to it.

The possibility of implementing the invention is confirmed by data on similar methods and devices for implementing the method described in the descriptions of the inventions of the USSR:
A device for tele-signaling the shutdown of the sectioning apparatus (USSR Author's Certificate N 352352 according to MKI H 02 J 13/00, op. 21.09.1972);
The method of forming a command to disconnect AC circuits (USSR Author's Certificate N 433558 according to MKI H 02 J 13/00, op. June 25, 1974);
A device for communication between electrical networks (USSR Author's Certificate N 542295 according to MKI H 02 J 13/00, op. 05.01.1977);
A method for transmitting commands for remote control of a moving object (USSR Author's Certificate N 801190 according to MKI H 02 J 13/00, op. 01.30.1981);
A device for tele-signaling (USSR Author's Certificate N 811502 according to MKI H 02 J 13/00, op. March 7, 1981), as well as in the description of the Application for the Invention of Russia: Broadcast Information Transfer Method (Application for Invention No. 94033147 according to MKI H 04 Q 7/06, op. 02.20.1998) and the description of the Russian Patent: Device for identifying and counting cast billets in a converging process stream (Patent of Russia N 2101764 according to MKI G 06 M 7/04, op. 10.01.1998 g.).

 In addition, generators (for example, microwave) of identification signs of electricity will have small dimensions, since the generator power can be many times less than the pulse power / 3 /.

 For example, with a pulse duration of 10 μs and a power of 100 kW, with a pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz, the generator power will be no more than 200 watts.

 Thus, the use of this device will achieve the objectives of the invention.

Literature
1. Postnikov N.P., Rubashov G.M. Power supply of industrial enterprises: Textbook for technical schools. -L., Leningrad. Separation, 1980. -376 p., Ill.

 2. Popov B.C. Theoretical Electrical Engineering: Textbook for technical schools. - 3rd ed., Ext. and revised .- M.: Energoizat, 1990.-544 pp., ill.

 3. Stallions I.P. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, -5th ed., Rev. and add. -L.: Power Publishing. Leningrad Branch, 1989. -352 pp., Ill.

 4. Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1981. -1554 p.

Claims (6)

 1. A method of generating electricity, including generating an electromotive force, characterized in that during and / or after generating an electromotive force, the identifier of at least one of the sources of electricity and / or at least one of the consumers of electricity, or at least one of the power lines, or at least one of the electricity distributors.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a unipolar and / or bipolar pulse is used as an identifier.  3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a combination of unipolar and / or bipolar pulses is used as an identifier.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a periodic and / or aperiodic sequence of unipolar and / or bipolar pulses is used as an identifier.  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shape of the pulses is performed from the group containing fragments of the polygon, a conical section of a straight circular cone.  6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the frequency harmonics of the alternating voltage and / or current is used as an identifier.

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