RU2141726C1 - System for communication to mobile objects using mobile base station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication equipment. SUBSTANCE: mobile base stations drive along traffic flow which is driven along road. Mobile base station is connected to stationary radio communication ports, which are connected to inter-network communication stations. Several mobile stations are separated from each other over closed circuit and drive together with traffic flow along one road bed in one arm of circuit and together with traffic flow along another road bed in another arm of circuit. Mobile base stations are connected to several stationary radio communication ports, which are connected through signal transmission line to inter-network communication station, which is connected to telephone network by means of wire line. Each mobile base station is equipped with two directed antennas, one of which is directed towards traffic flow, and another one to stationary radio communication ports. EFFECT: development of infrastructure for user sets designed for home or office as mobile cordless telephone on streets, shops, airports, cars which are driven at high speed. 41 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to cellular telephone communication systems in which a mobile telephone of a moving object communicates via radio communication with a base station connected to a wired telephone network, and more particularly, to cellular telephone communication systems adapted for use with mobile phones of fast moving objects.

Description of the Related Art
In typical cellular telephone communication systems, the area is divided into many zones (cells), each zone having a communication point located in the center of the zone. A mobile phone of a moving object moving in such a communication network with a zone (cellular) structure is communicated via radio communication with the closest communication point of the zone. Each zone communication point is connected by cable or through direct microwave (microwave) communication with the telephone network interface. The functions of a typical communications network interface are described in The Bell System Technical Journal, January 1979, Volume 58, No. 1. One of the functions performed by the telephone network interface is the so-called "transfer" function. When a mobile phone moves through a communication network with a zone (cellular) structure, it will move in the direction from the communication point of one zone to the communication point of another zone. Each communication point of the zone monitors the quality of the signal received from the mobile phone, passes information to the telephone network interface and determines when the ongoing communication of subscribers from the communication point of one zone to the communication point of another should be transmitted. Such a procedure is known as “transfer”. The process of transferring subscriber communications includes several operations involving the selection of the telephone line of the communication point of the zone between the mobile switching telephone station and the communication center of another zone, sending a message to the transmitter / receiver of the mobile phone to tune from the currently used tone frequency channel to the tone channel frequency in the communication point of the new zone corresponding to the newly selected connecting telephone line, setting the voice channel in the mobile switching t phone on the market station of the telephone line connecting the point of contact area to a connection link, currently used for subscribers, and waiting for the voice channel in the switching circuit diagram of mobile telephone switching station between the telephone line connecting the old zone and connecting the telephone line telephone network of the new zone.

The problem of existing telephone communication systems with mobile phones of mobile objects is that the procedure for transferring communication of subscribers requires a lot of time. This escalates into a big problem in urban areas that are heavily congested. The basic principle of cellular telephone systems is the concept of frequency reuse. It can be argued that the throughput of the cellular system increases by N ² times, if the size of the zone, that is, its diameter, decreases by N times. This is due to the fact that for use in each independent zone, at least in principle, all frequencies in the spectrum of a mobile phone are available. Thus, when the number of zones is increased, the total number of simultaneous communications of subscribers increases. However, the disadvantage of reducing the size of the zones is that a mobile telephone of a mobile unit tends to cross the zone borders more often, requiring a greater number of communication transmissions, which will overload the mobile telephone exchange to such an extent that existing subscriber communications may be interrupted or terminated.

 The Personal Communication Service (PCS) works essentially the same as a mobile cellular system. In PCS, a subscriber can be in a building, walk down the street or ride in a vehicle using a handset that communicates with the base station in the same way that a mobile phone communicates with the base station or area connection point in a cellular communication network. Obviously, PCS, by breaking down into very small areas, can provide telephone service for a very large number of subscribers, for example, in a densely populated urban area. The difficulty in using PCS is the same as in the use of a cellular system in which the transmission of subscriber connections has become a bottleneck.

 Modern cellular systems use what is known as multiple access in spread spectrum code division multiplexing (CDMA) systems. In a direct CDMA (DS-CDMA) coding sequence, the energy of a subscriber signal is evenly distributed in the operating frequency range, providing separation between users of the same frequency in adjacent areas. The requirement of DS-CDMA is that the received interference cannot be significantly stronger than the desired signal, since otherwise they would suppress a weaker signal. This type of coding is used in systems that are sometimes called hierarchical cellular systems. The most famous hierarchical system is a system in which the macrozone overlaps a number of microzones. For example, a mobile phone of a fast-moving object can be served by the macro zone to avoid an excessive number of transmission communications. To save the capabilities of macrozones, microzones are designed to serve slow-moving subscribers. When using the DS-CDDM concept in microzones and macrozones, one frequency is used. To prevent strong interference in the microzone from a mobile phone connected to the macrozone base station, the output power of the mobile phone is increased to suppress a signal that has a harmful effect. Obviously, in order to meet the requirements of future mobile communications, it is necessary to use a hierarchical cellular system to provide high-quality voice, data transmission at speeds up to 2 Mbps and video communications with mobile phones of moving objects moving at speeds of more than 100 mph (160 km / hour) and having PCS.

 In a hierarchical cellular system, small areas, for example, with diameters of the order of 100 feet (30 m), serve low speeds. Low speeds are mainly pedestrians and traffic flowing at a speed of less than 30 mph (48 km / h). The advantage of small zones is low power, simplicity, low cost and low weight of terminal devices. It requires the creation of infrastructure that would allow the use of such terminal devices for all applications at home or in the office as a radiotelephone on the streets in shopping malls, airports and so on, as well as in cars on highways with interchanges at different levels, moving at large speeds. In addition, a wide range of reusability is required to provide low-cost, high-quality service that requires a wide range of operating frequencies for each subscriber.

 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) encoders are required to provide wired linear long distance telephone service and high-quality speech signal. With the advent of the use of radio data processing, an even wider range of operating frequencies will be required. In the future, it may be possible to use the spectrum in the 60 GHz band, providing very large ranges of operating frequencies. However, the radio wave characteristics at this frequency dictate the need for a very short range and a local signal transmission line requiring very small areas. However, as indicated, small areas and a mobile phone of a fast-moving object are incompatible due to the time required to complete the communication transfer procedure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other problems encountered in the prior art are overcome in accordance with the present invention by using a moving base station that is located between the mobile phone of the moving object and the fixed base station. In accordance with the present invention, the mobile base station moves with the traffic stream at a speed level that is compatible with the speed of the transport stream and communicates with the mobile phone of the moving object via standard mobile radio communication. The mobile base station is further communicated via radio signals with a plurality of fixed antennas spaced along the path of the mobile base station. Several fixed antennas are conventionally connected to a wired line telephone network through a gateway station. In accordance with the present invention, the fixed radio ports are synchronized, and the interface between the moving base station and the fixed radio ports is a time division multiplexed (TDM), extended-spectrum DS-CDMA interface.

 In one particular embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the moving base stations, fixed base stations are provided to enable communication during slower movement, for example, pedestrian traffic or car traffic during rush hours.

 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the moving base stations are provided with high gain directional antennas directed to radio ports. Fixed radio communication ports communicate with mobile base stations at a relatively low power level, and mobile base stations with mobile phones at a relatively high power level. Due to the characteristics of the spread spectrum DS-CDMA, a higher power level signal will overpower a lower power level signal so that the mobile phone does not receive data transmissions from fixed radio ports, but only from a mobile base station. In the opposite direction, a low power level signal is transmitted from the mobile phone to the mobile base station, and a high power level signal is transmitted from the mobile base station to the fixed radio communication port, eliminating any direct communication from the mobile phone to the fixed radio communication port.

 In one embodiment of the present invention, the mobile base stations support in closed loops and the ends of adjacent loops overlap to facilitate the transfer of subscriber communication between adjacent loops.

 A brief description of the drawings.

 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of the roadway with fixed base stations, moving base stations and fixed radio ports.

 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a fixed radio port shown in FIG. 1.

 FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a fixed base station shown in FIG. 1.

 FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a moving base station shown in FIG. 1.

 FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the gateway station shown in FIG. 1.

 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of channels.

 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of selected channels.

 FIG. 8 is an illustration of signal transmission among system elements.

 FIG. 9 is a block diagram of moving base stations operating in separate circuits.

Detailed description of the present invention
In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system with mobile phones of moving objects, containing the principles of the present invention. For example, in FIG. 1 shows a split highway with mobile phones 20 of moving objects moving along the first roadway 10 in one direction, and a plurality of mobile phones 25 of moving objects moving along the second roadway 15 in the opposite direction. Many moving base stations 30 are located along one edge of the roadway 10. The base stations are spaced from each other by a selected distance equivalent to the diameter of the area served by the moving base station. The moving base stations 30 may move with the vehicle along the guide 35 or with another suitable vehicle, which may be a mechanical vehicle moving along the roadway 10 in the direction of the traffic flow, as shown by arrow 12. Similarly, a plurality of moving base stations 40, located adjacent to the roadway 15, moves in the direction of movement of the traffic stream, as shown by arrow 17. Moving base stations 40 p forcibly relocated along the rail 45. The moving base stations 30, 40 can be maintained for example, in any suitable vehicle on the rails 35, 45. Such a vehicle depending on the terrain and the available space for it can move at ground level or above. The moving base stations are preferably located so as to provide optimal radio communication with mobile phones of moving objects moving along the roadway.

 A plurality of fixed radio communication ports 50 that are connected via a fiber optic ring 55 (or a similar signal transmission device) to a telephone exchange connected to a wireline telephone network, and called a gateway, are located between moving base stations that move along the rails 35 , 45. The gateway station 60 forms an interface between a communication system with mobile phones and a wired linear telephone network. The gateway station is a well-known equipment. It is part of the telephone network and is responsible for processing subscriber communications with base stations. As will be described in more detail below, the gateway will include a processor and software for detecting the best signal quality symbol and for selectively transmitting the best signal quality symbol to the telephone network. Many fixed base stations 70 are located in the vicinity of the roadway 10 and are connected to the gateway station 60 via a fiber optic ring 75 or a similar signal transmission device.

 In operation, the moving base stations 30 can move in the direction of traffic flow at a speed of, for example, 60 mph (96 km / h), which may be greater than some vehicles and less than others. The moving base station preferably controls communication with mobile phones of moving objects that travel at a speed of no more than 30 mph (48 km / h) faster or slower than the moving base station. For example, moving base stations 30, 40 can move at a speed of 60 mph (96 km / h) to serve a traffic stream moving at a speed in the range of 30-90 mph (48-144 km / h). In the device shown in FIG. 1, fixed base stations 70 will provide communications with mobile phones of moving objects moving at a speed of less than 30 mph (48 km / h), including pedestrians and fixed objects. It is obvious that instead of the fixed and mobile base stations shown in FIG. 1, slow moving and fast moving base stations can also be used. A particular moving base station is effective if the moving objects are moving in the same direction as the base station. In FIG. 1 shows two roadways for providing traffic flows in opposite directions, and moving base stations are located between these roadways and move in the direction of traffic flow. These base stations can also be located on opposite edges of the same roadway having two-way traffic flow, the moving base stations moving in opposite directions at opposite edges of the roadway.

 In typical cellular telephone communication systems, a base station, also called a zone communication point, forms the interface between the mobile telephone of the mobile unit and the gateway station. Base stations can perform a number of functions, for example, determining the location of a specific mobile phone, as well as processing voice signals, and the functions of setting up communication of subscribers, monitoring communication of subscribers and terminating communication of subscribers. In addition, the base stations perform the function of transmitting and receiving existing communications (subscribers) of the mobile phone of a moving object that is moving in or out of the normal service area of the base station. All of them are well-known features of a base station. In some proposed telephone communication systems with mobile phones of mobile objects, base stations are only radio communication interfaces, and a base station controller connected to a plurality of base stations performs subscriber communication control functions for a plurality of base stations. The system of the present invention differs from prior art systems mainly in that base stations 30, 40 are stations moving with a traffic stream and connected to a gateway station 60 via fixed radio communication ports 50. In addition, the moving base station performs various subscriber communication control functions, including a communication transfer procedure. This is an advantage, since when the base station moves in the same direction as the mobile phone, the number of communication transmissions is significantly reduced.

 Each of the moving base stations 30, 40 is provided with antennas 100, 101. Antennas 100, 101, which are preferably high gain directional antennas used for communicating with mobile phones of moving objects, are well known and commercially available. Fixed base stations 70 are provided with four separate antennas 110, directed in different directions. Antennas 100 at base stations 30, 40 are used to communicate with mobile phones 20, 25, while antennas 101 at moving base stations are used to communicate with fixed radio ports 50. Preferably, each of the fixed base stations 70 is provided with four antennas 102-105. Less than four antennas may also be used. In this case, at least one omnidirectional antenna is used. In the system shown in FIG. 1, antennas 102 are positioned to provide communication with mobile phones 20, and antennas 103-105 to communicate with other mobile phones of moving objects of a slowly moving traffic stream or with fixed subscribers. Each fixed radio port 50 in the system shown in FIG. 1 is provided with two directional antennas 110, 111 of the same type as the directional antennas 100-105. When the moving base stations 30, 40 move relative to the fixed radio communication ports 50, data representing voice signals and information related to subscriber communication is transmitted between the antennas 101 at the moving base stations 30, 40 and the antennas 110, 111 on the fixed radio communication ports 50.

 In FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of fixed radio ports 50. The device comprises a standard microprocessor 150, a radio communication interface circuit 154 providing an interface between the radio signals received by the antennas 110, 111, and the microprocessor 150. These circuits are typically circuits of the type used in fixed base stations and are well known in the art. In addition, each radio port 50 includes a processor 150 connected to a communications transmit / receive multiplexer (ADM) 152. The ADM 152 is coupled to the fiber optic cable 55 and is configured to sum data from the processor 150 into a data stream on the fiber optic cable 55 In addition, the ADM 152 recognizes a data stream followed by an address identifying the processor 150, and transmits this data from the data stream of the fiber optic cable 155 to the processor. As will be further described below, the processor 150 calculates a signal quality symbol for information (transmitted from the radio communication interface circuit 154) based mainly on the magnitude of the radio signal level obtained in a well-known manner. The processor 150 controls the transfer of information between the fiber optic cable 55 and various moving base stations via antennas 110, 111.

 In FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one of the fixed base stations 70. The fixed base stations 70 perform the functions of a standard fixed base station of the prior art. The base stations 70 are connected to the fiber optic ring 75 and comprise a communication transmit / receive multiplexer (ADM) 162 that couples the processor 160 to the fiber optic ring 75.

 As indicated above, the fiber optic ring 55 and the fiber optic ring 75 are connected to the gateway station 60. The main function of the gateway station is to provide an interface with a wired telephone network. It distributes the load of the information transmission channel between the network and moving base stations through fixed radio ports. The fiber optic rings 55, 75 are preferably continuous rings with a communications transmit / receive multiplexer for each ring in the gateway station. Data transmission over fiber optic rings 55, 75 is preferably carried out in accordance with one of the synchronous optical communication networks (SONET), which are well known in the art, or synchronous digital hierarchical (SDH) data transmission protocols.

 Directional antennas 100-105, 110, 111 can be sectional antennas or phased array antennas. Such antennas are preferably used to reduce the mutual influence between mobile base stations and fixed radio ports, allowing greater reuse of the spectrum. Antenna diversity can be achieved by two spatially separated radio beams separated by time using a predetermined time delay offset for easier reception separation. Various techniques for producing large diversity antennas and antennas in which such technologies are used for diversity are well known in the art and are commercially available.

 In FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a moving base station 30. Station 30 includes a processor 130 connected via radio communication interface circuits 132, 134 to antennas 100, 101, respectively. The processor 130 may be a standard microprocessor, and the interface circuits 132, 134 - standard interface circuits. The microprocessor is preferably programmable for controlling the communication processing functions of the subscribers performed in the systems of the prior art by the communication point or together with the base station controller. In this case, the moving base station has higher autonomy and requires less communication with the base station controller or similar device. Circuits 132 as well as radio communication interface circuits 154 in the fixed radio port 50 and radio communication interface circuits 164 in the fixed base station 70, are well known and commercially available circuits.

 The radio interface between the mobile phones 20, 25 and the moving base stations 30, 40 and the fixed base station 70 is a standard radio interface well known in the art. The radio interface between the moving base stations 30, 40 and the fixed radio ports 50 is preferably a TDM / DS-CDMA interface. The plurality of channels between the base station and the fixed radio ports are temporarily compressed as time slots in the data stream. The data stream is distributed through a pseudo-random code in the corresponding spectrum. For ease of synchronization, a pilot sequence is inserted into the transmitted signal in a well-known manner. The interface between the mobile base station and the fixed radio port is preferably transparent to the entire system in the spectrum used.

 Frequency separation (of channels) and time division (of channels) can be used for duplex communication. In FDD (frequency division duplex) mode, data is simultaneously transmitted in both directions, each in a special frequency band of the spectrum. In a typical system in FDD mode, the TDM cycle transmission time will be approximately 500 microseconds, making the interface substantially transparent to the entire system.

 The interface between the mobile phone and the mobile base station may be a standard IS-95 interface selected based on the standard for PCS. The channel capacity for the so-called “advanced mode” (2.5 MHz) was determined for seven channels at a signal transmission rate of 32 kbit / s. The licensed spectrum allocated by the Federal Communications Commission for Personal Communications Services (PCS) contains 10 MHz and 30 MHz licenses. Each 10 MHz license provides two separate 5 MHz frequency bands, and each 30 MHz license provides two separate 15 MHz frequency bands for two-way communication. Two 5 MHz bands can support 14 duplex channels at 32 kbit / s, and two 15 MHz bands can support 42 duplex channels at 32 kbit / s.

 Voice signals between the mobile phone and the gateway are encoded in a standard way using adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM), which encodes a speech signal with a minimum speed of 32 kbit / s in each channel. The interface between the moving base station and the fixed radio port is adapted to carry up to 19 channels of 32 kbit / s at 16 bits per time interval. The time compression cycle rate between the mobile base station and the fixed radio port is 608 kbit / s. To achieve a gain of 9 decibels in signal-to-noise ratio during signal processing, the cycle speed was increased by 8 times, getting 4864 kbit / s, which corresponds to the 5 MHz range. In FIG. 6 shows a basic distribution of channels, showing 16 broadband channels plus 3 channels for signal transmission, control, and an error code. In FIG. 7 is a representation of the channels 18 and 19 shown in FIG. 6.

 Moving base stations are addressed using predefined code sequences completed in a known manner by applying Welch functions. US Pat. No. 5,103,349, entitled "System and Method for Forming Signal Waveforms in a CDMA Cellular Telephone Communication System", describes the use of Welch functions for generating code. US patent N 5103349 is incorporated into this application by reference. As described in this patent, the eighth-order selection of the Welsh function provides 8 orthogonal codes in the present embodiment using spread spectrum CDMA, uses the entire zero Welsh sequence as a pilot on the carrier frequency with the other seven sequences available for communication of the moving base station. Code sequences may be repeated as ABCDEFG; ABCDEFG; . .. Although fewer codes may be used, at least three are preferably used. Due to the difference in the propagation time of signals between a particular moving base station and two or more different fixed radio ports, it is not possible to satisfy the condition for adjusting the time required to ensure the orthogonality of the Welch function for two or more fixed radio ports simultaneously. For this purpose, two external pseudo-random codes are used to distinguish between signals reaching a moving base station from different fixed radio ports. The pseudo-random code rate is preferably 4864 kbit / s. The sequence length for the transmitted carrier signal is approximately 32768 signal elements, as described in US Pat. No. 5,103,459. External pseudo-random codes modulate the signal in quadrature phase shift keying.

 The pilot signal will be transmitted in both directions from the moving base station to the fixed radio ports and vice versa. This is made possible by the fading line characterized by Ritzian.

 The pilot sequence will be long enough so that a series of different sequences can be formed by a shift in the main sequence. The separation will be large enough to ensure that there is no mutual influence between the pilots. To ensure signal separation, each of the moving base stations will have a different offset relative to the adjacent moving base station. Similarly, each fixed radio port will have a different offset relative to the adjacent fixed radio port.

 The Federal Communications Commission allocated a 20 MHz unlicensed spectrum containing a 10 MHz frequency band for transmitting speech signals and a 10 MHz frequency band for transmitting data signals. Thus, one continuous 10 MHz channel is available and time division multiplexed data transmission is preferably used. The data transfer rate in both directions of transmission will be two times the speed for duplex communication in the frequency separation mode upon receipt of a total delay of 500 μs and a gain of 9 decibels in relation to signal-to-noise during signal processing. In the time division mode for duplex communication between a mobile phone and a moving base station and between a moving base station and fixed radio communication ports, the time and direction of transmission in the forward and reverse directions are coordinated. During one half of the time separation, duplex communication cycle signals are transmitted from a mobile phone to a moving base station and from there to a fixed radio port. During another half-cycle, signals are transmitted from a fixed radio port to a moving base station and then to a mobile phone.

 The two 15 MHz license bands (30 MHz) of the spectrum are preferably divided into three 5 MHz channels in each direction using the same technique as described earlier in this application for the 5 MHz license spectrum. In the 15 MHz licensed spectrum, each of the 5 MHz channels will support 14 channels of the transport stream, in total - 42 channels of the transport stream in each 15 MHz frequency band. The air interface between the moving base station and the fixed radio port, as well as the signal structure, can be modified and adapted to a variety of spectrum allocations and air interface standards.

 In the present embodiment, as described previously, 7 orthogonal codes are available between the fixed radio communication ports 50 and the moving base stations 30, 40. As described earlier in this application and shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one 16-bit communication channel, channel 19, is installed on the side for control and identification bits. As shown in FIG. 7, channel 19 may contain 7 control bits and 9 identification bits. Nine identification bits provide 512 unique identification numbers, so each of the 3854 moving base stations can have a one-of-a-kind identification number. With a distance between moving base stations of 200 feet (60 m), the total distance covered by 3854 moving base stations is approximately 135 miles (216 km). In FIG. 1 shows a part of a system with mobile base stations moving in opposite directions along the road, directed in opposite directions, and fixed radio communication ports with antennas with a double radiation pattern. A traffic stream moving in opposite directions along a single roadway is preferably served by moving base stations at opposite edges of the roadway. When each roadway has only one-way traffic, this system is preferably located between the roadways. In one embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 9, two separate circuits 200, 205 are located between two separated road surfaces 206, 208, along which the direction of traffic flow is indicated by arrows 207, 209. Circuits 200 and 205 contain moving base stations 210 and 250, respectively. In this embodiment of the present invention, these base stations move in the direction shown by arrows 201 and 202. Since the loops 200, 205 are practically indefinite in length, many loops may be required to cover the desired area. To avoid interruption of communication, the ends of the loops are preferably close enough to each other or overlap each other to provide an overlapping coverage area for mobile phones of moving objects moving in the area of the ends of the loops. This will allow one of the moving stations moving near the end of the circuit, of which it is part, to transmit the communication of subscribers to the moving base station of the adjacent circuit.

 Each loop preferably has one gateway station for connection to a wired telephone network. One advantage of such a device is that it eliminates the need to register moving base stations, which is required when a moving base station moves between gateway stations. In FIG. 9 shows two gateway stations 215 connected to loop 200 and two gateway stations 255 connected to loop 205. Each of the gateway stations is constantly connected to the fixed radio ports of the loop and, in the event of a failure in one of the gateway stations, can operate in load sharing mode with another station to provide communication with the traffic flow of the circuit.

 In order to prevent interruption of communication with mobile phones of moving objects moving along the road in the area of two ends of adjacent loops, existing subscriber communications are transmitted from the moving base station near the end of its circuit to the moving base station of the next circuit. The process of transmitting communication is essentially the same as transmitting communication between moving base stations of one circuit, except that the transmitted communication of subscribers will be routed to a wired communication network for another gateway station. This procedure is equivalent to transferring communications between points of contact of different zones in an existing cellular network in a manner that is well known in the art. To ensure that communication between moving base stations of two loops is adequately overlapped and to prevent loss of communication with mobile phones transmitted from one loop to another, loops 200 and 205 may physically overlap.

 Clocking and synchronization between the moving base station and the fixed radio port with which the moving base station is connected are automatically phase-locked with the pilot signals received from the fixed radio port with which the moving base station is connected. For synchronization purposes, the moving base station will receive the UCT of the global satellite positioning system (GPS) once a second.

 It is well known that CDMA technology is sensitive to power control. In particular, more powerful signals tended to “clog” less powerful signals at the receiver. As a rule, in order to ensure that all signals entered the receiver at the same level, complex power control circuits were developed. However, in a system of the present invention, sensitivity to a CDMA power level is provided. In FIG. 8 illustrates signal transmission principles used in a system of the present invention. Two levels of radio transmission power are determined, high (N) and low (L). As follows from figure 1, the signals of a high power level are transmitted from the moving base station 30 to the mobile phone 20 and from the moving base station 30 to the fixed radio port 50. Low power signals are transmitted from the fixed radio port 50 to the moving base station. Similarly, low power signals are transmitted from the mobile phone 20 to the moving base station 30. Since the moving base station receives the low power signal from the fixed radio port and transmits a high power signal to the terminal devices, the high power level received by the mobile phone 20 will clog any low power signals transmitted from a fixed radio port to a moving base station. Any weak signal transmitted from the mobile phone 20 reaching the fixed radio port 50 will likewise become clogged with a high power level signal transmitted from the moving base station to the fixed radio port. As indicated above, the antennas 100-105, 110, 111 are preferably high gain directional antennas having very little feedback from the transmitted signal to the received one. Feedback due to reflections and other extraneous sources can be easily eliminated at a moving base station using the well-known jamming technique.

 When the mobile phone first turns on or first appears in the telephone service area, the mobile phone must register as described previously by transferring its unique address to the new service area. This address will be received by the nearest moving station 30 and transmitted via the fixed radio port and the gateway station 60 to the telephone network. This registration procedure is required in order for the incoming mobile phone request for communication to be correctly sent.

 The distance between the mobile base stations 20 and the fixed radio ports 50 (FIG. 1), as well as the level of the signal transmitted between the moving base stations and the fixed radio ports, determines the number of fixed radio ports with which the moving base station can communicate at any point in any time. The distance and signal strength should preferably be such that each fixed radio port receives signals from three moving base stations. When the fixed radio port receives data, followed by the identification number of the moving base station, processor 150 (FIG. 2) calculates a signal quality symbol for the received signal. The signal quality symbol is a quality indicator calculated as a function of signal level and signal-to-noise ratio. It is added to the received data and inserted into the fiber optic ring 55 via ADM 152. The gateway 60 preferably receives the same data from several different fixed radio ports 50 and stores this data in an internal memory in the gateway in connection with the identification number and the Welsh function scatter code. The address of the fixed radio port from which data was received is also stored in the processor 64 memory. The signal quality symbols computed by processors 150 in each of several fixed radio ports are compared with a predetermined threshold value of the signal quality symbol and the data corresponding to the signal quality symbol is rejected below a threshold value. Otherwise, the data is saved. The cyclic redundancy code transmitted with the data is used to detect any errors in the TDM cycle. The best data, that is, data associated with the symbol of the best signal quality, is transmitted from the gateway station 60 to the telephone network. The data received by the interconnect station 60 from the telephone network and intended for the registered mobile phone is stored in the memory of the processor 150 in a register specifically associated with the moving base station currently serving this mobile phone. This data will be sent via fiber optic ring 55 to all fixed radio ports that are identified in processor 65 as fixed radio ports with an acceptable signal quality symbol. The received data will be transmitted from each fixed radio port that received this data along with the identification code and the Welsh function code of the moving base station to which this data is sent. Data transmission from different fixed radio ports will be carried out with the separation of the side bands of the channels, with different delays so that they can be received and shared in moving base stations. The delays can be precisely adjusted by synchronously distributing over the fiber optic ring 55 in SONET or SDH format. The receiving moving station, through its processor 130, compares multiple copies of the received data signals, combines them, and combines them to provide better reception.

 Each of the moving base stations will have one of N assignable codes, where N may be any number, but preferably at least 3. Preferably, seven Welsh function codes are used. Codes may be repeated in sequence, for example, ABCDEFGABCDEFG. Codes are assigned to various moving base stations in such a way that two moving base stations having the same code are at a sufficient distance from each other so as not to interfere with the communication between the fixed radio ports and the moving base stations having the same identification code. The operation of the fixed base stations 70 is substantially similar to that of a standard base station. In congested areas of traffic flows, mobile phones of moving objects that stop or move slowly, for example, at a speed of less than 30 mph, will preferably be served by one of the fixed base stations 70. When the speed of the mobile phone 20 of the moving object increases, the fixed base station will transmit communication of subscribers of a moving base station. The procedures for determining whether a mobile phone should be served by a fixed base station or a moving base station are similar to the procedures described in this application above regarding the determination of which moving base station should be selected to serve the mobile phone, i.e. based on signal strength and frequency occurrence of errors. Thus, when communication with a mobile phone is initiated, or when it is determined that communication of subscribers should be carried out, mobile phone communication can be transferred for service from a moving base station to a fixed base station, or vice versa. Each mobile phone monitors pilot signals from a fixed and moving base station and synchronizes with the base station providing the best signal. In the so-called “soft” mode, the mobile phone can “connect” to three fixed or moving base stations while searching for the fourth. When the vehicle speed increases, fixed or slow-moving base stations will be “off”. In heavier areas where traffic speeds will vary between zero and 60 mph (96 km / h), the speed of base stations can be set, for example, to 30 mph (48 km / h). In this case, the moving base station should be able to serve the entire traffic stream in the range of 0-60 mph (0-96 km / h).

 Obviously, the device described above is only an illustration of the application of the principles of the present invention and that a person skilled in the art can develop other devices without departing from the scope of the present invention limited in the attached claims.

Drawing captions
To FIG. 1:
1 - to the telephone network
2 - fixed base station
3 - mobile phone mobile object
4 - moving base station
5 - fixed radio port
To FIG. 2 - 5:
1 - radio interface circuit
2 - processor
3 - communication transmit / receive multiplexer
4 - gateway station
To FIG. 6:
1 to 16 broadband channels
To FIG. 7:
1 - channel 19
2 - channel 18
3 - control bits
4 - identification bits
To FIG. eight:
1 - mobile phone mobile object
2 - moving base station
3 - fixed radio port
To FIG. nine:
1 - interworking station
2 - moving base station.

Claims (41)

 1. A mobile communication system for communicating with mobile phones (20, 25), including fixed radio ports (50) connected to a telephone network (60), comprising a radio interface for transmitting signals to mobile phones and receiving radio signals from mobile phones, characterized in that the mobile communication system also comprises a mobile base station (30), arranged to move independently of mobile phones (20) in a limited area relative to a fixed radio port (50), while under The base station (30) contains a first radio interface (132) that receives radio signals transmitted by mobile phones (20, 25) and transmits radio signals to a fixed radio port (50), and a second radio interface (132) that receives radio signals transmitted by a fixed radio port (50), and transmitting radio signals to mobile phones (20).  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile phones (2) move along the roadway (10), and the mobile base station moves in a direction substantially parallel to the roadway (10).  3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the mobile base station (30) is arranged to move along a guide (35) oriented parallel to the roadway (10).  4. The system according to p. 3, characterized in that the fixed radio port (50) is located on one side of the guide (35) against the roadway (10).  5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile base station (30) comprises a first antenna (100) connected to a first radio communication interface (132) and directed to mobile phones (20), and a second antenna (101) connected with a second radio interface (132) and directed to a fixed radio port (50), as well as a processor (130) connected to the first and second radio interfaces.  6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the radio signals transmitted between the mobile base station (30) and the fixed radio port (50) are transmitted in accordance with multiple access in systems with code division multiplexing, with direct sequence and transmission protocol spread spectrum signals.  7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the signals transmitted from the mobile phone (20) to the mobile base station (30) are transmitted at the first power level, and the signals transmitted from the mobile base station (30) to the fixed radio port (50) are transmitted at a second power level that is higher than the first power level.  8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the signals transmitted between the fixed radio communication port (50) and the mobile base station (30) are transmitted during duplex communication with time division.  9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the signals transmitted between the fixed radio communication port (50) and the mobile base station (30) are transmitted during frequency division duplex communication.  10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50) and a plurality of mobile stations (30), each of the mobile base stations (50) being synchronized with a selected fixed radio communication port (50) by means of a pilot transmission -signals to the selected fixed radio port.  11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals are transmitted from the fixed radio port (50) to the mobile base station (30) at the first power level, and from the mobile base station (30) to the mobile phone (20) - at the second power level that is higher than the first power level.  12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes many mobile base stations (30), each of which has a service area associated with it, while each mobile base station (30) contains a processor (130) that performs the function of transmitting communication subscribers and receiving existing subscriber relationships for mobile phones (20) in the associated service area.  13. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that each mobile base station (30) has a processor (130) that determines the location of the identified mobile phone (20) in the associated service area.  14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile base station (30) has a processor (130) that performs the function of determining the location of the identified mobile phone (20) and transmitting to it signals corresponding to radio signals received from the telephone exchange (60) )  15. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50), and a limited area is determined with respect to the plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50).  16. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals transmitted by the first radio interface (132) to the fixed radio ports (50) correspond to the signals received by the first interface (132) from mobile phones (20), and the signals transmitted by the second the radio communication interface (132) to the mobile phones (20) correspond to the signals received by the second radio communication interface (132) from the fixed radio communication ports (50).  17. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises mobile phones (20) moving along the roadway (10), a plurality of mobile base stations (30) arranged for movement on a guide (35) running parallel to the roadway (10) and having a first edge adjacent to the roadway (10), and a second edge opposite the first, a plurality of fixed apart radio communication ports (50) located on the second edge of the guide (35), each mobile base station ( 30) comprises a processor (130) and associated them the first radio antenna (100), directed to the first edge of the guide (35), and the second radio antenna (101), directed to the second edge of the guide (35), each fixed radio communication port (50) contains a processor (150) and an associated radio antenna ( 110) directed to the guide (35), the processor (130) being sensitive to the radio signals received by the first antenna (100) for transmitting radio signals through the second antenna (101) to the fixed radio ports (50), and the processor (150) ) sensitive to radio signals received via trans dstvo radio antenna (110) associated with it to transmit corresponding signals to the telephone station (60).  18. The system according to 17, characterized in that it further comprises a fiber optic ring (55), through which the corresponding signals are transmitted to the telephone exchange (60).  19. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile base station (30) moves at a given speed in a certain direction.  20. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that the predetermined speed with which the base station (30) moves is a function of the average speed of many mobile phones (20).  21. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile base station (30) moves in a first predetermined direction and associated with mobile phones (20) moving in the same direction, further comprises a second mobile base station (40) moving in the second direction, opposite the first, and connected with other mobile phones (25) moving in the second direction.  22. The system according to item 21, wherein the mobile phones (20) move along one roadway (10), and the other mobile phones (25) move along another roadway (15), a mobile base station (30) moves along the guide (35) adjacent to the first roadway (10) and located between the first roadway (10) and the second roadway (15), and the other mobile base station (40) moves along the second guideway (45) adjacent to the second roadway (15) and located between the first roadway (10) and the second roadway m web (15), while this fixed radio port (50) is located between the first (35) and second (45) guides.  23. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed radio communication port (50) is connected to the telephone exchange (60) via a fiber optic ring (55).  24. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed base stations (70) connected to a telephone exchange (60) via a fiber optic ring (55) sensitive to radio signals transmitted to mobile phones (20) for transmission corresponding signals to the telephone exchange (60).  25. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50) and a plurality of mobile base stations (30), each fixed radio communication port (50) being sensitive to radio signals transmitted by an identified mobile base station (30) ), and each fixed radio port, sensitive to radio signals from the identified mobile base station, provides the calculation of the signal quality symbol for the data represented by the transmitted radio signals, and transmission to the telephone station (60) of data signals corresponding to the transmitted radio signals together with the corresponding symbol of signal quality, while the telephone exchange (60) is sensitive to the reception of data signals and to the symbol of signal quality for transmission to the telephone network of data received from the selected one of the fixed ports radio communication (50) having a preferred signal quality symbol.  26. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50) and a plurality of mobile base stations (30), wherein each fixed radio communication port (50) is sensitive to a data block received from a telephone exchange (60) ), to transmit the corresponding radio message to the selected one of the mobile base stations (30), the telephone exchange (60) provides the transmission of a given data block intended for the selected one of the mobile base stations (30) to the selected one of the fixed radio communication ports ( 50), and each selected one of the fixed radio communication ports (50) is sensitive to receiving a given data block for transmitting the corresponding radio signals to the selected one of the mobile base stations (30).  27. The system according to claim 22, wherein the predetermined data block is transmitted to each selected one of the fixed radio communication ports (50) in a time sequence, and the selected one of the fixed radio communication ports (50) transmit the corresponding signals in the corresponding time sequence.  28. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50) and a plurality of mobile base stations (30), wherein each mobile base station (30) has a service area associated with it and provides transmission functions and receiving existing subscriber relationships for mobile phones in the associated service area.  29. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains many mobile base stations (30), while each mobile base station (30) has an associated service area and performs many functions, including determining the location of the identified mobile phone in the associated service area.  30. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the first and second telephone exchanges (60,215) connected to the telephone network and a plurality of fixed radio communication ports (50,212) for communication with mobile phones (20,25), each of the fixed radio communication ports (50,212,252) connected to one of the telephone exchanges (60,215), the first and second closed loops (200,205), each of which has opposite ends and supports the ability to move many mobile base stations (30,210,250), and telephone exchanges (60,215 ) provide registration for each of the mobile base stations (30,210) on each circuit (200,205) and transmit a warning signal through one of the fixed radio communication ports (50,212,252) to the mobile base stations (30,210), approaching one of the opposite ends of one of the circuits (200,205) and the mobile base station (30,210,250) receiving the warning signal is sensitive to the warning signal for transmitting existing connections with mobile phones to another mobile base station (30,210,250).  31. The system according to p. 30, characterized in that one of the opposite ends of one of the circuits (200,205) overlaps one of the opposite ends of the other circuit (200,205).  32. A method of transmitting signals in a mobile communication system between a switching telephone exchange (215), to which a fixed radio communication port is connected, and a mobile phone moving in a certain direction and transmitting radio signals, characterized in that it moves a mobile base station (210) associated with the telephone exchange (215), is carried out in a certain direction along the roadway (206) in the area limited relative to the mobile radio port (212), the reception of the mobile base station (210) with Radiocommunication latter is present, transmitted from the mobile telephone, and transmitting signals from the mobile base station (210) to the fixed radio port (212) corresponding to the radio signals transmitted from the mobile phone.  33. The method according to p, characterized in that it provides for the reception by the mobile base station (210) of radio signals transmitted from the fixed radio port (212), and transmission from the mobile base station (210) to the mobile phone of radio signals transmitted from a fixed radio port (212).  34. The method according to p. 33, characterized in that in it the movement of the mobile base station (210) is carried out in one direction along the path (205) having opposite ends and running essentially parallel to the roadway (206) for a limited distance, and movement the mobile base station (210) in the opposite direction when the mobile base station reaches one end of a limited distance.  35. The method according to p, characterized in that it carries out the movement of many mobile base stations (210) in a certain direction, determining the quality of the received signals coming from the identified mobile phone in each of the many mobile base stations (210), and selecting signal of preferred quality.  36. The method according to p, characterized in that it transmits radio signals between the mobile base station (210) and the fixed radio port (212) in accordance with multiple access in systems with code division multiplexing, with direct sequence and transmission protocol spread spectrum signals.  37. The method according to p. 33, characterized in that the radio signals from the mobile phone to the mobile base station (210) are transmitted at the first power level, and the radio signals from the fixed base station (210) to the fixed radio port (212) are transmitted at the second power level that is less than the first power level.  38. The method according to claim 33, wherein the radio signals from the fixed radio port (212) to the mobile base station (210) are transmitted at the first power level, and the radio signals from the mobile base station (210) to the mobile phone are transmitted at the second power level that is higher than the first power level.  39. The method according to p. 33, characterized in that the radio signals between the fixed radio port (212) and the mobile base station (210) are transmitted during duplex communication with time division.  40. The method according to p. 33, characterized in that it synchronizes the mobile base station (210) with the selected mobile phone by transmitting a pilot signal from the mobile base station to the selected mobile phone.  41. The method according to p. 33, characterized in that it carries the movement of many mobile base stations (30,210) in a certain direction, the establishment of telephone communication between the telephone exchange (60,215) and the mobile phone (20,25) through the selection of one of the mobile base stations (30,210), monitoring transmission of signals from a mobile phone (20,25) in a selected one of the mobile base stations (30,210) and controlling telephone transmission in the selected mobile base station (30,210) from the selected mobile base station (30,210) to friend th mobile base station (30.210).

Images